Plant-substrate biochar properties critical for mediating reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane.

Dibromoethane is a widespread, persistent organic pollutant. Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered FeII-FeIII hydroxides (green rust), which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous bromide and ethylene. However, the critical characteristics that determine mediator functionality are lesser known. Fifteen biochar substrates were pyrolyzed at 600 °C and 800 °C, characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray photo spectrometry C and N surface speciation, X-ray powder diffraction, specific surface area analysis, and tested for mediation of reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane by a green rust reductant under anoxic conditions. A statistical analysis was performed to determine the biochar properties, critical for debromination kinetics and total debromination extent. It was shown that selected plant based biochars can mediate debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane, that the highest first order rate constant was 0.082/hr, and the highest debromination extent was 27% in reactivity experiments with 0.1 µmol (20 µmol/L) 1,2-dibromoethane, ≈ 22 mmol/L FeIIGR, and 0.12 g/L soybean meal biochar (7 days). Contents of Ni, Zn, N, and P, and the relative contribution of quinone surface functional groups were significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated with 1,2-dibromoethane debromination, while adsorption, specific surface area, and the relative contribution of pyridinic N oxide surface groups were significantly negatively correlated with debromination.

A review of functions and mechanisms of clay soil conditioners and catalysts in thermal remediation compared to emerging photo-thermal catalysis.

High temperatures and providing sufficient time for the thermal desorption of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from contaminated clay soils can lead to intensive energy consumption. Therefore, this article provides a critical review of the potential additives which can improve soil texture and increase the volatility of POPs, and then discusses their enhanced mechanisms for contributing to a green economy. Ca-based additives have been used to reduce plasticity of bentonite clay, absorb water and replenish system heat. In contrast, non-Ca-based additives have been used to decrease the plasticity of kaolin clay. The soil structure and soil plasticity can be changed through cation exchange and flocculation processes. The transition metal oxides and alkali metal oxides can be applied to catalyze and oxidize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum and emerging contaminants. In this system, reactive oxygen species (•O2- and •OH) are generated from thermal excitation without strong chemical oxidants. Moreover, multiple active ingredients in recycled solid wastes can be controlled to reduce soil plasticity and enhance thermal catalysis. Alternatively, the alkali, nano zero-valent iron and nano-TiN can catalyze hydrodechlorination of POPs under reductive conditions. Especially, photo and photo-thermal catalysis are discussed to accelerate replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy in thermal remediation.

Pyrolytic Depolymerization of Polyolefins Catalyzed by Zirconium-based UiO-66 Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Polyolefins such as polyethylenes and polypropylenes are the most-produced plastic waste globally, yet are difficult to convert into useful products due to their unreactivity. Pyrolysis is a practical method for large-scale treatment of mixed, contaminated plastic, allowing for their conversion into industrially-relevant petrochemicals. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), despite their tremendous utility in heterogenous catalysis, have been overlooked for polyolefin depolymerization due to their perceived thermal instabilities and inability of polyethylenes and polypropylenes to penetrate their pores. Herein, we demonstrate the viability of UiO-66 MOFs containing coordinatively-unsaturated zirconia nodes, as effective catalysts for pyrolysis that significantly enhances the yields of valuable liquid and gas hydrocarbons, whilst halving the amounts of residual solids produced. Reactions occur on the Lewis-acidic UiO-66 zirconia nodes, without the need for noble metals, and yields aliphatic product distributions distinctly different from the aromatic-rich hydrocarbons from zeolite catalysis. We also demonstrate the first unambiguous characterization of polyolefin penetration into UiO-66 pores at pyrolytic temperatures, allowing access to the abundant Zr-oxo nodes within the MOF interior for efficient C-C cleavage. Our work highlights the potential of MOFs as highly-designable heterogeneous catalysts for depolymerization of plastics which can complement conventional catalysts in reactivity.

Ferulic acid-arabinoxylan conjugates: Synthesis, characterization and applications in antibacterial film formation.

A novel antibacterial film based on arabinoxylan (AX) was prepared by introducing ferulic acid (FA) to AX through a laccase-catalyzed procedure. The ferulic acid-arabinoxylan conjugates (FA-AX conjugates) have been characterized. Results showed that FA was successfully grafted onto the AX chains by covalent linkages, likely through nucleophilic addition between O-Ph in the phenolic hydroxyl group of FA, or through Michael addition via O-quinone intermediates. FA-AX conjugates showed improved crystallinity, thermal stability, and rheological properties, as well as a distinct surface morphology, compared with those of native AX. Moreover, FA-AX conjugates exhibited enhanced antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shewanella sp., and Pseudomonas sp. Mechanistic studies revealed that the enhanced antibacterial ability was due to the penetration of bacterial membrane by the phenolic molecule and the steric effect of FA-AX conjugates. The study demonstrates that the laccase-induced grafting method was effective in producing FA-AX conjugates; we have demonstrated its antibacterial ability and great potential in prolonging the shelf life of fresh seafood products.

Unveiling the Role of Electric Double-Layer in Sulfur Catalysis for Batteries.

The metal-catalyzed sulfur reaction in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries usually suffers from the strong binding of sulfur species to the catalyst surface, which destroys the electric double layer (EDL) region there. This causes rapid catalyst deactivation because it prevents the desorption of sulfur species and mass transport through the EDL is hindered. This work introduces a competitive adsorption factor (fsulfur) as a new indicator to quantify the competitive adsorption of sulfur species in the EDL and proposes an alloying method to change it by strengthening the p-d hybridization of alloying metals with electrolyte solvents. A cobalt-zinc alloy catalyst with a moderate fsulfur lowers the activation energy of the rate-limiting step of the conversion of lithium polysulfides to lithium sulfide, giving a platform capacity proportion that is 96% of the theoretical value and has a greatly improved anti-passivation ability, especially at high sulfur loadings and lean electrolyte conditions (a low E/S ratio of 5 µL mgS -1). A pouch cell using this approach has a high energy density of up to 464 Wh kg-1. Such a competitive adsorption indicator and alloying strategy offer a new guideline for catalyst design and a practical electrocatalysis solution for Li-S batteries.

Cationic Foldamer-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Cages.

The stereochemistry of shape-persistent molecular cages, particularly those resembling prisms, exerts significant influence on their application-specific functionalities. Although methods exist for fabricating inherently chiral prism-like cages, strategies for catalytic asymmetric synthesis of these structures in a diversity-oriented fashion remain unexplored. Herein, we introduce an unprecedented organocatalytic desymmetrization approach for the generation of inherently chiral prism-like cages via phosphonium-containing foldamer-catalyzed SNAr reactions. This methodology establishes a topological connection, enabling the facile assembly of a wide range of versatile stereogenic-at-cage building blocks possessing two highly modifiable groups. Furthermore, subsequent stereospecific transformations of the remaining chlorides and/or ethers afford convenient access to numerous functionally relevant chiral-at-cage molecules.

New biocatalyst produced from fermented biomass: improvement of adsorptive characteristics and application in aroma synthesis.

This study presents a novel approach to producing activated carbon from agro-industrial residues, specifically cocoa fruit peel, using solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus niger. The process effectively degrades lignin, a major impediment in traditional activated carbon production, resulting in a high-quality carbon material. This carbon was successfully utilized for enzyme immobilization and aroma synthesis, showcasing its potential as a versatile biocatalyst. The study meticulously evaluated the physical and chemical attributes of activated carbon derived from fermented cocoa peel, alongside the immobilized enzymes. Employing a suite of analytical techniques-electrophoresis, FTIR, XRD, and TG/DTG the research revealed that fermentation yields a porous material with an expansive surface area of 1107.87 m2/g. This material proves to be an excellent medium for lipase immobilization. The biocatalyst fashioned from the fermented biomass exhibited a notable increase in protein content (13% w/w), hydrolytic activity (15% w/w), and specific activity (29% w/w), underscoring the efficacy of the fermentation process. The significant outcome of this research is the development of a sustainable method for activated carbon production that not only overcomes the limitations posed by lignin but also enhances enzyme immobilization for industrial applications. The study's findings have important implications for the agro-industrial sector, promoting a circular economy and advancing sustainable biotechnological processes.

Bacterial surface display of PETase mutants and MHETase for an efficient dual-enzyme cascade catalysis.

Biological degradation of PET plastic holds great potential for plastic recycling. However, the high costs associated with preparing free enzymes for degrading PET make it unfeasible for industrial applications. Hence, we developed various cell catalysts by surface-displaying PETase mutants and MHETase using autotransporters in E. coli and P. putida. The efficiency of surface display was enhanced through modifying the host, co-expressing molecular chaperones, and evoluting the autotransporter. In strain EC9F, PET degradation rate was boosted to 3.85 mM/d, 51-fold and 23-fold increase compared to free enzyme and initial strain ED1, respectively. The reusability of cell catalyst EC9F was demonstrated with over 38 % and 30 % of its initial activity retained after 22 cycles of BHET degradation and 3 cycles of PET degradation. The highest reported PET degradation rate of 4.95 mM/d was achieved by the dual-enzyme cascade catalytic system EC9F+EM2 + R, a mixture of cell catalyst EC9F and EM2 with surfactant rhamnolipid.

Nitrogen-Rich Covalent Organic Polymer for Metal-Free Tandem Catalysis and Postmetalation-Actuated High-Performance Water Oxidation.

Development of high-performing catalytic materials for selective and mild chemical transformations through adhering to the principles of sustainability remains a central focus in modern chemistry. Herein, we report the template-free assembly of a thermochemically robust covalent organic polymer (COP: 1) from 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarbonyl dichloride and 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)triazine as [2 + 3] structural motifs. The two-dimensional (2D) layered architecture contains carboxamide functionality, delocalized π-cloud, and free pyridyl-N site-decked pores. Such trifunctionalization benefits this polymeric network exhibiting tandem alcohol oxidation-Knoevenagel condensation. In contrast to common metal-based catalysts, 1 represents a one of a kind metal-free alcohol oxidation reaction via extended π-cloud delocalization-mediated free radical pathway, as comprehensively supported from diverse control experiments. In addition to reasonable recyclability and broad substrate scope, the mild reaction condition underscores its applicability in benign synthesis of valuable product benzylidene malononitrile. Integration of 2,2'-bipyridyl units in this 2D COP favors anchoring non-noble metal ions to devise 1-M (M: Ni2+/ Co2+) that demonstrate outstanding electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media with high chronoamperometric stability. Electrochemical parameters of both 1-Co and 1-Ni outperform some benchmark, commercial, as well as a majority of contemporary OER catalysts. Specifically, the overpotential and Tafel slope (280 mV, 58 mV/dec) for 1-Ni is better than 1-Co (360 mV, 78 mV/dec) because of increased charge accumulation as well as a higher number of active sites compared to the former. In addition, the turnover frequency of 1-Ni is found to be 6 times higher than that of 1-Co and ranks among top-tier water oxidation catalysts. The results provide valuable insights in the field of metal-free tandem catalysis as well as promising electrochemical water splitting at the interface of task-specific functionality fuelling in polymeric organic networks.

Construction and Application of a Multienzyme System for Synthesis of L-malate.

This study aimed to develop a multienzymatic system for synthesis of L-malate. First, recombinant Escherichia coli strains were constructed expressing maleic acid cis-trans isomerase (MaiA) or fumarase C (FumC) from different sources. Serratia marcescens MaiA (SMaiA) and E. coli FumC (ECFumC) showed good catalytic performance. Next, six co-expression systems for SMaiA and ECFumC were constructed. E. coli BL21 (DE3)-pRSFDuet-1-ecfumC-smaiA (named strain pFM2) had the highest L-malate catalytic activity. In 7-L fed-batch fermentation, the SMaiA and ECFumC activities of strain pFM2 wet cells were 43.4 and 154.5 U/g, respectively, 2.4- and 10.7-fold the values that were obtained in shaken flasks. Finally, a whole-cell catalytic process was established for the production of L-malate by strain pFM2 with maleate as the substrate. When the dose of pFM2 wet cells was 0.5 g/100 mL and 1 mol/L maleate was the substrate, the catalytic process was completed within 4 h. Notably, the intermediate fumarate was almost absent during the conversion process. The concentration of L-malate reached 143.8 g/L with a yield of 0.60 g/(L·min). The molar conversion rate of the substrate was 98.4%. These findings lay a foundation for the industrial application of multienzymatic synthesis of L-malate.

Piezo-catalysis Mechanism Elucidation by Tracking Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide with In-situ EPR Spectroscopy.

For piezoelectric catalysis, the catalytic mechanism is a topic of great controversy, with debates centered around whether it belongs to the energy band theory of photocatalysis or the screening charge effect of electrochemical catalysis. Due to the formation of different intermediate active-species during two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via electro- and photo-catalysis, the key to solving this problem is precisely monitoring the active species involved in ORR during electro-, photo-, and piezo-catalysis under identical condition. Here, a semiconductor material, BiOBr with abundant oxygen vacancies (BOB-OV) was found remarkable catalytic activity in H2O2 production by all three catalytic methods. By employing in-situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, the H2O2 evolution pathway through piezo-catalysis over BOB-OV was monitored, which showed a similar reaction pathway to that observed in photo-catalytic process. This finding represents solid evidence supporting the notion that piezo-catalytic mechanism of ORR is more inclined towards photo-catalysis rather than electro-catalysis. Significantly, this exploratory conclusion provides insight to deepen our understanding of piezo-catalysis.

Photothermal Synergistic Effect Induces Bimetallic Cooperation to Modulate Product Selectivity of CO2 Reduction on Different CeO2 Crystal Facets.

Product selectivity of solar-driven CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation reactions has been successfully controlled by tuning the spatial distance between Pt/Au bimetallic active sites on different crystal facets of CeO2 catalysts. The replacement depth of Ce atoms by monatomic Pt determines the distance between bimetallic sites, while Au clusters are deposited on the surface. This space configuration creates a favourable microenvironment for the migration of active hydrogen species (*H). The *H is generated via the activation of H2O on monatomic Pt sites and migrate towards Au clusters with a strong capacity for CO2 adsorption. Under concentrated solar irradiation, selectivity of the (100) facet towards CO is 100%, and the selectivity of the (110) and (111) facets towards CH4 is 33.5% and 97.6%, respectively. Notably, the CH4 yield on the (111) facet is as high as 369.4 µmol/g/h, and the solar-to-chemical energy efficiency of 0.23% is 33.8 times higher than that under non-concentrated solar irradiation. The impacts of high-density flux photon and thermal effects on carriers and *H migration at the microscale are comprehensively discussed. This study provides a new avenue for tuning the spatial distance between active sites to achieve optimal product selectivity.

Facile synthesis of Ag NPs@MgO nanosheets for quantitative SERS-based detection and removal of hazardous organic pollutants.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly precise and non-invasive analytical method known for its ability to detect vibrational signatures of minute analytes with exceptional sensitivity. However, the efficacy of SERS is subject to substrate properties, and current methodologies face challenges in attaining consistent, replicable, and stable substrates to regulate plasma hot spots across a wide spectral range. This study introduces a straightforward and economical approach that incorporates monodispersed silver nanoparticles onto 2-D porous magnesium oxide nanosheets (Ag@MgO-NSs) through an in-situ process. The resulting nanocomposite, Ag@MgO-NSs, demonstrates substantial SERS enhancement owing to its distinctive plasmonic resonance. The effectiveness of this nanocomposite is exemplified by depositing diverse environmental pollutants as analytes, such as antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP), organic dyes like rhodamine 6G (R6G) and methylene blue (MB), and nitrogen-rich pollutant like melamine (MLN), onto the proposed substrate. The proposed nanocomposite features a 2-D porous structure, resulting in a larger surface area and consequently providing numerous adsorption sites for analytes. Moreover, engineering the active sites of the nanocomposite results in a higher number of hotspots, leading to an enhanced performance. The nanocomposite outperforms, exhibiting superior detection capabilities for R6G, MB, and MLN at concentrations of 10-6 M and CIP at concentration of 10-5 M, with impressive uniformity, reproducibility, stability, and analytical enhancement factors (EF) of 6.3 x 104, 2 x 104, 2.73 x 104 and 1.8 x 104 respectively. This approach provides a direct and cost-effective method for the detection of a broad spectrum of environmental pollutants and food additives, presenting potential applications across diverse domains. The detected environmental pollutants and food additives are removed through both catalytic degradation (R6G and MB) and adsorption (CIP and MLN).

Defining the Functional Properties of Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.

Cyclopropane fatty acid synthases (CFAS) catalyze the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) within bacterial membranes. This modification alters the biophysical properties of membranes and has been correlated with virulence in several human pathogens. Despite the central role played by CFAS enzymes in regulating bacterial stress responses, the mechanistic properties of the CFAS enzyme family and the consequences of CFA biosynthesis remain largely uncharacterized in most bacteria. We report the first characterization of the CFAS enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) - an opportunistic human pathogen with complex membrane biology that is frequently associated with antimicrobial resistance and high tolerance to various external stressors. We demonstrate that CFAs are produced by a single enzyme in PA and that cfas gene expression is upregulated during the transition to stationary phase and in response to oxidative stress. Analysis of PA lipid extracts reveal a massive increase in CFA production as PA cells enter stationary phase and help define the optimal membrane composition for in vitro assays. The purified PA-CFAS enzyme forms a stable homodimer and preferentially modifies phosphatidylglycerol lipid substrates and membranes with a higher content of unsaturated acyl chains. Bioinformatic analysis across bacterial phyla shows highly divergent amino acid sequences within the lipid binding domain of CFAS enzymes, perhaps suggesting distinct membrane binding properties among different orthologues. This work lays an important foundation for further characterization of CFAS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and for examining the functional differences between CFAS enzymes from different bacteria.

Catalytic Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Allenylation.

The first enantioselective Friedel-Crafts (FC) allenylation reaction for the creation of central chirality is developed under cooperative Ir(I)/(phosphoramidite,olefin) and Lewis acid catalysis. This enantioconvergent reaction utilizes racemic allenylic alcohol as the electrophile and shows compatibility with a variety of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes. The resulting highly enantioenriched (up to >99.5:0.5 e.r.) 1,1-disubstituted allenylic methanes, bearing a benzylic carbon stereocenter, are obtained with complete regiocontrol - both on (hetero)arenes as well as on the allenylic fragment. This protocol allows for the enantioselective formal introduction of a 4-carbon alkyl chain into (hetero)arenes, along with the creation of a benzylic stereocenter. Judicious synthetic elaborations not only lead to formal enantioselective FC alkylation products of less electron-rich arenes but also of substituted arenes in ortho- and even meta-selective fashion. An intramolecular version of this FC allenylation is shown to proceed with promising enantioselectivity under the same catalytic conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed the involvement of dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT) of racemic allenylic alcohols in this reaction.

Sensitive Colorimetric Lateral Flow Assays Enabled by Platinum-Group Metal Nanoparticles with Peroxidase-Like Activities.

The last several decades have witnessed the success and popularity of colorimetric lateral flow assay (CLFA) in point-of-care testing. Driven by increasing demand, great efforts have been directed toward enhancing the detection sensitivity of CLFA. Recently, platinum-group metal nanoparticles (PGM NPs) with peroxidase-like activities have emerged as a type of promising colorimetric labels for enhancing the sensitivity of CLFA. By incorporating a simple and rapid post-treatment process, the PGM NP-based CLFAs are orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional gold nanoparticle-based CLFAs. In this perspective, the study begins with introducing the design, synthesis, and characterization of PGM NPs with peroxidase-like activities. The current techniques for surface modification of PGM NPs are then discussed, followed by operation and optimization of PGM NP-based CLFAs. Afterward, opinions are provided on the social impact of PGM NP-based CLFAs. Lastly, this perspective is concluded with an outlook of future research directions in this emerging field, where the challenges and opportunities are discussed.

Importance of Morphology of Layered Double Hydroxide in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Catalysis.

The development of nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion has always been important. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a promising material due to its high capacity, tunable composition and easy synthesis. In this work, the morphology of NiCo-LDH is tuned with surfactants including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and investigated the correlation between morphology and electrochemical properties. NiCo-LDH-SDS with a layered structure exhibited a specific capacitance of 1004 C g-1 at 1 A g-1, which is higher than that of the needle-like NiCo-LDH-CTAB (678 C g-1) and the rod-like NiCo-LDH (279 C g-1). Meanwhile, NiCo-LDH-SDS and NiCo-LDH-CTAB showed a reduction of 36 and 19 mV, respectively, in their overpotentials at 10 mA cm-2 compared to NiCo-LDH. Contact angle and adhesive force measurements proved the influence of morphology on the interfacial properties that layered structure is favorable for the timely detachment of the bubbles. Therefore, rational morphology regulation of LDH can effectively alter the gas-liquid-solid interface and thereby accelerate the reaction kinetics. The connections between morphologies, bubbles releasing and electrochemical performance are well established in this work, which can be applied in the investigation of nanomaterials for energy-related activities, especially the ones concerning bubbles releasing processes.

Immobilization and Catalytic Conversion of Polysulfide by In-Situ Generated Nickel in Hollow Carbon Fibers for High-Rate Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered promising energy-storage systems because of their high theoretical energy density, low cost, and eco-friendliness. However, problems such as the shuttle effect can result in the loss of active materials, poor cyclability, and rapid capacity degradation. The utilization of a structural configuration that enhances electrochemical performance via dual adsorption-catalysis strategies can overcome the limitations of Li-S batteries. In this study, an integrated interlayer structure, in which hollow carbon fibers (HCFs) were modified with in-situ-generated Ni nanoparticles, was prepared by scalable one-step carbonization. Highly hierarchically porous HCFs act as the carbon skeleton and provide a continuous three-dimensional conductive network that enhances ion/electron diffusion. Ni nanoparticles with superior anchoring and catalytic abilities can prevent the shuttle effect and increase the conversion rate, thereby promoting the electrochemical performance. This synergistic effect resulted in a high capacity retention of 582 mAh g-1 at 1 C after 100 cycles, providing an excellent rate capability of up to 3 C. The novel structure, wherein Ni nanoparticles are embedded in cotton-tissue-derived HCFs, provides a new avenue for enhancing electrochemical performance at high C rates. This results in a low-cost, sustainable, and high-performance hybrid material for the development of practical Li-S batteries.

Pulsed electrolysis for CO2 reduction: Techno-economic perspectives.

Pulsed electrolysis has emerged as a promising approach to CO2 reduction, offering a simple method to adjust product selectivity and enhance operational stability. However, conceptually applying the dynamic pulse operation process on a large scale highlights its differences when compared to conventional electrolysis processes, impacting the economic feasibility of the process. We discuss the influence of pulsed electrolysis on surface reaction mechanisms and the simulation of changes at both the continuum and smaller scales through computational modeling. Additionally, we point out considerations for applying pulsed CO2 electrolysis to a large-scale process and assess their economic implications, comparing pulsed electrolysis with constant electrolysis.

ZnIn2Se4 nanoparticles photocatalyst for efficient solar fuel production.

Selecting a suitable photocatalyst to establish the Z-scheme heterojunction which is accompanied by effective photogenerated hole and electron separation, is one of the advantageous strategies for efficient photocatalytic solar energy conversion. Therefore, we prepared a ZnIn2Se4 nanoparticles photocatalyst to build a double Z-scheme heterojunction with mixed-phase TiO2 nanofibers, boosting photocatalytic solar fuel preparation. The result of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the existence of interfacial chemical bonds and internal electric fields. The interfacial Ti-Se bond is regarded as a channel and the internal electric field serves as the driving force for electron transfer. And the composite photocatalyst exhibits a great hydrogen evolution rate of 0.11 mmol g-1 h-1. From a forward-working perspective, this work proposes a ZnIn2Se4 nanoparticles photocatalyst for efficient solar fuel conversion, promoting the application of bimetallic selenide photocatalyst in the field of photocatalysis.