Knowledge attainment, learning approaches, and self-perceived study burnout among European veterinary students.

Introduction: This study investigates the relationship between approaches to learning, self-perceived study burnout, and the level of knowledge among veterinary students. Veterinary educational programs are under regular development and would benefit greatly from detailed feedback on students' knowledge, proficiency, influencing factors, and coping mechanisms. Methods: The VetRepos consortium developed and calibrated an item repository testing knowledge across the entire veterinary curriculum. Two hundred forty-eight students from seven European veterinary institutions took the VetRepos test, comprising a subset of the repository. They also responded to a questionnaire assessing deep and unreflective learning approaches and self-perceived study burnout, represented by exhaustion and cynicism. Structural equation modeling analyzed the relationship between these latent traits and the VetRepos test score. Results: The model failed the exact-fit test but was retained based on global fit indices, inter-item residual correlations, and standardized residual covariances. Root Mean Square Error of Approximation with robust standard errors and scaled test statistic was 0.049 (95% confidence interval 0.033-0.071), scaled and robust Comparative Fit Index 0.95 (0.90-0.98), and scaled Standardized Root Mean Square Residual 0.056 (0.049-0.071). Measurement invariance across study years was not violated (ΔCFI = 0.00, χ2 = 3.78, Δdf = 4, p = 0.44), but it could not be confirmed between genders or universities. The VetRepos test score regressed on the study year [standardized regression coefficient = 0.68 (0.62-0.73)], showed a negative regression on the unreflective learning approach [-0.25 (-0.47 to -0.03)], and a positive regression on the deep approach [0.16 (0.03-0.28)]. No direct association with perceived burnout was observed; however, a significant, medium-sized association was found between the unreflective approach and self-perceived study burnout. No significant differences in learning approaches or perceived burnout were found between study years. Discussion: The most important source of variance in VetRepos test scores, unrelated to the study year, was the learning approach. The association between the VetRepos test score and self-perceived burnout was indirect. Future research should complement this cross-sectional approach with longitudinal and person-oriented studies, further investigating the relationship between study burnout and learning approaches.

The Web-based Open-access Reliable Decision on Synonyms (WORDS) English Vocabulary Test.

A quick and reliable test of vocabulary knowledge is a vital component of many studies looking at a range of language processing skills. Recent proliferation of online (web-based) research has generated a growing need for reliable open-access vocabulary tests that can be administered online. This data report presents the newly developed 30-item Web-based Open-access Reliable Decision on Synonyms (WORDS) English Vocabulary Test. In Experiment 1, we tested 109 participants (age range: 18-69 years) on an initial set of 51 potential multiple-choice test items in which participants read a target word (e.g., ubiquitous) and selected a (near-)synonym (e.g., omnipresent) from among three semantically unrelated foils (e.g., interpersonal, catatonic, voluminous). We conducted an item response theory analysis of participants' accuracy data to select an optimal subset of 30 items to include in the final version of the test. In Experiment 2, we verified the reliability of this 30-item version in a different sample (N = 121; 18-79 years); reliability (internal consistency) was good (Cronbach's α = 0.82). We confirmed that, consistent with numerous previous studies, (1) responses were more accurate and quicker for more frequent compared to less frequent words, and (2) older adults showed greater vocabulary knowledge compared to younger adults. The WORDS test takes on average 4 minutes (5 minutes 40 seconds including consent/debrief) to complete. It can be freely accessed via Gorilla Open Materials (https://app.gorilla.sc/openmaterials/694887), allowing ease of use and for useful comparisons between data collected by different researchers.

Assessing health-related quality of life using the Wound-QoL-17 and the Wound-QoL-14-Results of the cross-sectional European HAQOL study using item response theory.

For assessing health-related quality of life in patients with chronic wounds, the Wound-QoL questionnaire has been developed. Two different versions exist: the Wound-QoL-17 and the Wound-QoL-14. For international and cross-cultural comparisons, it is necessary to demonstrate psychometric properties in an international study. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test both questionnaires in a European sample, using item response theory (IRT). Participants were recruited in eight European countries. Item characteristic curves (ICC), item information curves (IIC) and differential item functioning (DIF) were calculated. In both questionnaires, ICCs for most items were well-ordered and sufficiently distinct. For items, in which adjacent response categories were not sufficiently distinct, response options were merged. IICs showed that items on sleep and on pain, on worries as well as on day-to-day and leisure activities had considerably high informational value. In the Wound-QoL-14, the item on social activities showed DIFs regarding the country and age. The same applied for the Wound-QoL-17, in which also the item on stairs showed DIFs regarding age. Our study showed comparable results across both versions of the Wound-QoL. We established a new scoring method, which could be applied in international research projects. For clinical practice, the original scoring can be maintained.

Bayesian Adaptive Lasso for Detecting Item-Trait Relationship and Differential Item Functioning in Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models.

In multidimensional tests, the identification of latent traits measured by each item is crucial. In addition to item-trait relationship, differential item functioning (DIF) is routinely evaluated to ensure valid comparison among different groups. The two problems are investigated separately in the literature. This paper uses a unified framework for detecting item-trait relationship and DIF in multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) models. By incorporating DIF effects in MIRT models, these problems can be considered as variable selection for latent/observed variables and their interactions. A Bayesian adaptive Lasso procedure is developed for variable selection, in which item-trait relationship and DIF effects can be obtained simultaneously. Simulation studies show the performance of our method for parameter estimation, the recovery of item-trait relationship and the detection of DIF effects. An application is presented using data from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.

Multilevel Semiparametric Latent Variable Modeling in R with "galamm".

We present the R package galamm, whose goal is to provide common ground between structural equation modeling and mixed effect models. It supports estimation of models with an arbitrary number of crossed or nested random effects, smoothing splines, mixed response types, factor structures, heteroscedastic residuals, and data missing at random. Implementation using sparse matrix methods and automatic differentiation ensures computational efficiency. We here briefly present the implemented methodology, give an overview of the package and an example demonstrating its use.

Introduction and validation of the open symptom framework: a public domain modular framework for patient-reported measurement of symptoms related to cancer and its treatment.

PURPOSE: We provide an initial description and validation of some public domain patient-reported outcome (PRO) items to assess cancer symptom burden to address immediate barriers to symptom assessment use in clinical practice and facilitate future research. METHODS: We created the Open Symptom Framework (OSF), a flexible tool for clinical cancer-related symptom assessment. The items comprise six components: recall period, concept, symptom, qualifier(s), a definition, and a 5-point Likert-type response. We recruited patients receiving cancer therapy in the United States and United Kingdom. We assessed external construct validity by comparing OSF scores to the PRO-CTCAE measure and assessed reliability, scalability, dimensionality, and item ordering within a non-parametric item response theory framework. We tested differential item functioning for country, age, gender, and level of education. RESULTS: We developed a framework alongside clinical and psychometric experts and debrieifed with 10 patients. For validation, we recruited 331patients. All items correlated with the PRO-CTCAE equivalents (r = 0.55-0.96, all p < 0.01). Mokken analysis confirmed the scalability and unidimensionality of all symptom scales with multiple items at the scale (Ho = 0.61-0.75) and item level (Hi = 0.60-0.76). Items are interpreted consistently between demographic groups (Crit = 0 for all groups). CONCLUSION: The public domain OSF has excellent psychometric properties including face, content, and criterion validity and can facilitate the development of flexible, robust measurements to fulfil stakeholder need. The OSF was designed specifically to support clinical assessment but will function well for research. Further work is planned to increase the number of symptoms and number of questions per symptom within the framework.

Interpretability and Clinical Utility of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - Patient Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) Score Report.

AIMS: Well-designed score reports can support therapists to accurately interpret assessments. We piloted a score report for the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory-Patient Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) and evaluated: 1) To what extent can occupational and physical therapists (OT, PT) accurately interpret item-response theory (IRT)-based PEDI-PRO assessment results? 2) What is the perceived clinical utility of the pilot score report? METHODS: Exploratory, sequential mixed methods design. Focus groups with OT and PTs (n = 20) informed the development of the final score report; revisions were made in response to feedback. Next, OTs and PTs (n = 33) reviewed score reports from two fictional clients and answered survey questions about the interpretation of the PEDI-PRO results. Additional questions evaluated clinical utility. RESULTS: Focus groups: Visual cues supported score interpretation, but therapists requested additional explanations for advanced IRT measurement concepts. Survey: Therapists accurately interpreted foundational IRT concepts (e.g. identifying most/least difficult items, highest scores), but were less accurate when interpreting advanced concepts (e.g. fit, unexpected responses). Therapists anticipated sharing different components of the score report with family members, clinicians, and payers to support their clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot PEDI-PRO score report was highly endorsed by therapists, but therapists may need additional training to interpret advanced IRT concepts.

Measuring mind wandering with experience sampling during task performance: An item response theory investigation.

The tendency for individuals to mind wander is often measured using experience sampling methods in which probe questions embedded within computerized cognitive tasks attempt to catch episodes of off-task thought at random intervals during task performance. However, mind-wandering probe questions and response options are often chosen ad hoc and vary between studies with extant little guidance as to the psychometric consequences of these methodological decisions. In the present study, we examined the psychometric properties of several common approaches for assessing mind wandering using methods from item response theory (IRT). IRT latent modeling demonstrated that measurement information was generally distributed across the range of trait estimates according to when probes were presented in time. Probes presented earlier in time provided more information about individuals with greater tendency to mind wandering than probes presented later. Furthermore, mind-wandering ratings made on a continuous scale or using multiple categorical rating options provided more information about individuals' latent mind-wandering tendency - across a broader range of the trait continuum - than ratings dichotomized into on-task and off-task categories. In addition, IRT provided evidence that reports of "task-related thoughts" contribute to the task-focused dimension of the construct continuum, providing justification for studies conceptualizing these responses as a kind of task-related focus. Together, we hope these findings will help guide researchers hoping to maximize the measurement precision of their mind wandering assessment procedures.

Multimodal Data Fusion to Detect Preknowledge Test-Taking Behavior Using Machine Learning.

In various fields, including college admission, medical board certifications, and military recruitment, high-stakes decisions are frequently made based on scores obtained from large-scale assessments. These decisions necessitate precise and reliable scores that enable valid inferences to be drawn about test-takers. However, the ability of such tests to provide reliable, accurate inference on a test-taker's performance could be jeopardized by aberrant test-taking practices, for instance, practicing real items prior to the test. As a result, it is crucial for administrators of such assessments to develop strategies that detect potential aberrant test-takers after data collection. The aim of this study is to explore the implementation of machine learning methods in combination with multimodal data fusion strategies that integrate bio-information technology, such as eye-tracking, and psychometric measures, including response times and item responses, to detect aberrant test-taking behaviors in technology-assisted remote testing settings.

Linear Factor Analytic Thurstonian Forced-Choice Models: Current Status and Issues.

Thurstonian forced-choice modeling is considered to be a powerful new tool to estimate item and person parameters while simultaneously testing the model fit. This assessment approach is associated with the aim of reducing faking and other response tendencies that plague traditional self-report trait assessments. As a result of major recent methodological developments, the estimation of normative trait scores has become possible in addition to the computation of only ipsative scores. This opened up the important possibility of comparisons between individuals with forced-choice assessment procedures. With item response theory (IRT) methods, a multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) format has also been proposed to estimate individual scores. Customarily, items to assess different traits are presented in blocks, often triplets, in applications of the MFC, which is an efficient form of item presentation but also a simplification of the original models. The present study provides a comprehensive review of the present status of Thurstonian forced-choice models and their variants. Critical features of the current models, especially the block models, are identified and discussed. It is concluded that MFC modeling with item blocks is highly problematic and yields biased results. In particular, the often-recommended presentation of blocks with items that are keyed in different directions of a trait proves to be counterproductive considering the goal to reduce response tendencies. The consequences and implications of the highlighted issues are further discussed.

A new measure of regulatory focus: Preventing measurement error by promoting best validation practices.

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: The goals of this project were to improve our understanding of chronic regulatory focus constructs and to provide researchers with a measure that adequately assesses the constructs, can distinguish individual differences effectively across the range of the constructs, and is appropriate for use in diverse populations. METHOD: Employing best practices in construct validation, we developed the International Personality Item Pool Regulatory Focus Scale (IPIP-RFS). Utilizing 14 samples (N = 4867), we established substantive (via expert ratings and regulatory focus literature), structural (via factor analysis, item response theory, and measurement invariance), and external (via convergent, discriminant, and predictive associations) validity. RESULTS: The IPIP-RFS adequately assesses the constructs of chronic promotion focus and prevention focus, can accurately assess individuals along the continua of the constructs, and is suitable for use among populations that vary in gender, race, and age. Individual differences in promotion focus reflect self-regulation and goal pursuit related to cognitive and behavioral exploration and flexibility (i.e., plasticity), whereas individual differences in prevention focus reflect self-regulation and goal pursuit related to motivational and interpersonal steadiness (i.e., stability). CONCLUSIONS: Promotion and prevention focus are important elements of personality with broad implications for functioning and outcomes in health and other important domains.

Equivalence of Alcohol Use Disorder Symptom Assessments in Routine Clinical Care When Completed Remotely via Online Patient Portals Versus In Clinic via Paper Questionnaires: Psychometric Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) recommends the paper-based or computerized Alcohol Symptom Checklist to assess alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms in routine care when patients report high-risk drinking. However, it is unknown whether Alcohol Symptom Checklist response characteristics differ when it is administered online (eg, remotely via an online electronic health record [EHR] patient portal before an appointment) versus in clinic (eg, on paper after appointment check-in). OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the psychometric performance of the Alcohol Symptom Checklist when completed online versus in clinic during routine clinical care. METHODS: This cross-sectional, psychometric study obtained EHR data from the Alcohol Symptom Checklist completed by adult patients from an integrated health system in Washington state. The sample included patients who had a primary care visit in 2021 at 1 of 32 primary care practices, were due for annual behavioral health screening, and reported high-risk drinking on the behavioral health screen (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption score ≥7). After screening, patients with high-risk drinking were typically asked to complete the Alcohol Symptom Checklist-an 11-item questionnaire on which patients self-report whether they had experienced each of the 11 AUD criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) over a past-year timeframe. Patients could complete the Alcohol Symptom Checklist online (eg, on a computer, smartphone, or tablet from any location) or in clinic (eg, on paper as part of the rooming process at clinical appointments). We examined sample and measurement characteristics and conducted differential item functioning analyses using item response theory to examine measurement consistency across these 2 assessment modalities. RESULTS: Among 3243 patients meeting eligibility criteria for this secondary analysis (2313/3243, 71% male; 2271/3243, 70% White; and 2014/3243, 62% non-Hispanic), 1640 (51%) completed the Alcohol Symptom Checklist online while 1603 (49%) completed it in clinic. Approximately 46% (752/1640) and 48% (764/1603) reported ≥2 AUD criteria (the threshold for AUD diagnosis) online and in clinic (P=.37), respectively. A small degree of differential item functioning was observed for 4 of 11 items. This differential item functioning produced only minimal impact on total scores used clinically to assess AUD severity, affecting total criteria count by a maximum of 0.13 criteria (on a scale ranging from 0 to 11). CONCLUSIONS: Completing the Alcohol Symptom Checklist online, typically prior to patient check-in, performed similarly to an in-clinic modality typically administered on paper by a medical assistant at the time of the appointment. Findings have implications for using online AUD symptom assessments to streamline workflows, reduce staff burden, reduce stigma, and potentially assess patients who do not receive in-person care. Whether modality of DSM-5 assessment of AUD differentially impacts treatment is unknown.

Using item response theory to identify key symptoms of insomnia in a sample of university students with probable eating disorders.

PURPOSE: Researchers have theorized that interactions between appetitive and circadian disruptions result in increased eating disorder (ED) symptoms and insomnia. However, it is unclear how specific insomnia symptoms present among people with EDs and if the latent structure of insomnia in this population is similar to that of people with insomnia disorder. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected on ED and insomnia symptoms using a subset of students (N = 547; 79.52% female) with probable EDs at a large Midwestern American university. Item response theory (IRT) for polytomous items was performed to identify item difficulty, discrimination, and information parameters for the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). IRT parameters were compared to those established in a 2011 study of people diagnosed with insomnia disorder by Morin and colleagues. RESULTS: Clinically significant insomnia symptoms were common among students with ED pathology and symptom endorsement for each ISI item ranged from 40.77 to 86.65%. ISI items assessing insomnia-related impairment and distress showed better discriminative capacities and had higher item information than items assessing sleep behavior alterations (i.e., difficulties falling asleep, difficulties maintaining sleep, waking too early). Item discrimination was largely similar among the ED sample compared to previous IRT analyses in an insomnia disorder sample. CONCLUSION: Insomnia symptoms are common among university students with probable EDs and similar to those reported by people with insomnia disorder. When considering insomnia assessment, items assessing sleep behaviors alone are likely inadequate to provide information about insomnia severity among people with EDs. LEVEL V: Evidence obtained from a cross-sectional descriptive study.

The Beck Hopelessness Scale's psychometric features: A new short form based on item response theory.

BACKGROUND: The assessment of hopelessness plays a significant role in preventing various psychological disorders and major life events within the general population. However, the psychometric properties of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) have been a subject of controversy, primarily studied in clinical groups. The aim of the present study was to gain new psychometric insights and propose a new short version of the BHS for the general population using the Item Response Theory (IRT) approach. METHODS: A total of 2164 Argentinean individuals completed the BHS alongside the Inventory of Suicide Orientation-30. We compared IRT models with two and three parameters for the original BHS version, exploring the removal of redundant and less informative items. Convergent and discriminant validity was also examined. RESULTS: Our results support the 2PL model for the BHS-19. In addition, the BHS-10 short version adequately depicted the same range of the measured trait as the original version, showing reasonable measurement accuracy in the middle-high levels of the trait (marginal reliability = 0.70, Cronbach's α = 0.86). Notably, a positive correlation was found between the factorial score of BHS-10, BHS-19, and suicide orientation. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our findings support the use of a simplified version as a practical and valuable tool for both research and clinical practice in the future.

Thriving from work questionnaire: German translation and validation.

BACKGROUND: The Thriving from Work questionnaire is a comprehensive indicator of positive well-being for employees, applicable in both research and practical contexts. Current discussions underline the crucial impact that employment should have in enriching workers' lives positively and meaningfully, along with the necessity for accurate and dependable tools to assess employee well-being. This study investigated the reliability, validity, and dimensionality of the translated German adaptation of the Thriving from Work questionnaire developed by Peters and colleagues [1, 2]. The questionnaire assesses work-related well-being with 30 items clustered in six domains: emotional and psychological well-being, social well-being, work-life integration, physical and mental well-being, basic needs for thriving, and experiences of work. METHODS: This study aimed to convert the Thriving at Work Questionnaire from English into German. We assessed the psychometric characteristics of the German version of the questionnaire by using item response theory with a sample of 567 German employees and examined its criterion validity. RESULTS: We found that the long and short German Thriving from Work questionnaire versions are reliable with good construct validity. Criterion validity was demonstrated by relationships with important work and life outcomes, such as life satisfaction, trust in the organizations' management, general well-being, work-related fatigue, and work stress. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated that the German language version of the questionnaire is both a reliable and valid measure of employee well-being. We discuss recommendations for further adaptation and future research.

Identifying Disengaged Responding in Multiple-Choice Items: Extending a Latent Class Item Response Model With Novel Process Data Indicators.

Disengaged responding poses a severe threat to the validity of educational large-scale assessments, because item responses from unmotivated test-takers do not reflect their actual ability. Existing identification approaches rely primarily on item response times, which bears the risk of misclassifying fast engaged or slow disengaged responses. Process data with its rich pool of additional information on the test-taking process could thus be used to improve existing identification approaches. In this study, three process data variables-text reread, item revisit, and answer change-were introduced as potential indicators of response engagement for multiple-choice items in a reading comprehension test. An extended latent class item response model for disengaged responding was developed by including the three new indicators as additional predictors of response engagement. In a sample of 1,932 German university students, the extended model indicated a better model fit than the baseline model, which included item response time as only indicator of response engagement. In the extended model, both item response time and text reread were significant predictors of response engagement. However, graphical analyses revealed no systematic differences in the item and person parameter estimation or item response classification between the models. These results suggest only a marginal improvement of the identification of disengaged responding by the new indicators. Implications of these results for future research on disengaged responding with process data are discussed.

Psychometric properties of the health literacy instrument in Brazil (HLS-EU-BR47).

BACKGROUND: Health literacy (HL) is a key component of health promotion and sustainability and contributes to well-being. Despite its global relevance, HL is an under-researched topic in South America but is now debuting its exploration in Brazil. To leverage its benefits for South America, the mere translation of validated tools into Portuguese is insufficient. Rather, it is necessary to examine their validity. This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the European Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-EU-BR47) using the Item Response Theory (IRT) in a population-based sample of adults in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional online study was conducted across Brazil and included 1028 participants aged 18 years and above (80% women). Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, factor analysis, graded responses model, Item Characteristic Curve, HL levels based on this, HL standard calculation, IRT, and regular score correlation were computed. RESULTS: The instrument exhibit high reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.95). Factor analysis yielded one factor. IRT was appropriate for data analysis because it allowed quality evaluation of items and constructed a scale to quantify HL. The 47 items and latent features of respondents in the same unit of measurement are positioned in the construction of the HLS-EU-BR47 instrument. The percentages of individuals at each HL level, calculated using IRT, were found to be comparable to those obtained through the standard computation, e.g., 3.2% of people reported very low HL versus 10.8% inadequate HL, 56.2% reported low HL versus 39.5% problematic HL, 31.1% had moderate HL versus 30.1% sufficient HL, and 9.5% had high HL versus 19.7% with excellent HL. The mean HL scores were comparable between women and men (33.9 vs. 33.7, P = 0.36). CONCLUSION: This study provides new evidence of the validity of a widely used HL instrument for the population of South America (in this case, Brazil). This tool can be utilized by citizens, health professionals, and regional/national policymakers to inform the development of initiatives to assess and improve the HL of individuals, groups, and communities. Further studies are needed to confirm and extend the findings and to explore the influence of local cultures and practices in the vast Brazilian territory on HL.

PROpwr: a Shiny R application to analyze patient-reported outcomes data and estimate power.

Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) are widely used in quality of life (QOL) studies, health outcomes research, and clinical trials. The importance of PRO has been advocated by health authorities. We propose this R shiny web application, PROpwr, that estimates power for two-arm clinical trials with PRO measures as endpoints using Item Response Theory (GRM: Graded Response Model) and simulations. PROpwr also supports the analysis of PRO data for convenience of estimating the effect size. There are seven function tabs in PROpwr: Frequentist Analysis, Bayesian Analysis, GRM power, T-test Power Given Sample Size, T-test Sample Size Given Power, Download, and References. PROpwr is user-friendly with point-and-click functions. PROpwr can assist researchers to analyze and calculate power and sample size for PRO endpoints in clinical trials without prior programming knowledge.

The relationship between ambulance team's professional commitment, occupational anxiety, and resilience levels.

BACKGROUND: Individuals who have the ability to bounce back from stressful events, to recover from their troubles and adverse environmental conditions by getting stronger each time are known as resilient people. Some professions may cause more occupational anxiety than others due to their characteristics and working conditions. In this research, we aimed to develop a professional commitment scale for the ambulance team. Another aim was to analyze the relationships between professional commitment, occupational anxiety, resilience, gender, job, seniority and working unit variables. METHODS: In the study, data were collected from a total of 1142 emergency ambulance workers working in Emergency Ambulance and Emergency Call Centers in 34 different cities in Turkey. Data were collected using the "Professional Commitment of Ambulance Team Scale (PCATS), Occupational Anxiety Scale for Emergency Medical Service Professionals (OASEMSP), and Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). Scale development analyses were carried out using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). Regression analysis were used to examine the relationships between professional commitment, occupational anxiety, resilience, gender, job, seniority and working unit. RESULTS: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), it was determined that 8 items remaining in the professional commitment scale formed a single-factor structure, explaining 46% of the variance of professional commitment of the team. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability value was 0.867. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the results of exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient obtained through CTT was 0.868, and the marginal reliability coefficient within the scope of IRT was 0.877. The test-retest reliability coefficient was calculated as 0.832, which indicates that the scale is valid and reliable. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that resilience has a positive effect for professional commitment while occupational anxiety has a negative effect for professional commitment. In addition, having a moderate seniority has a negative (reducing) effect for professional commitment. Other variables (gender, job, and working unit) was found to have no significant impact on professional commitment.

Development and Validation of the Five-Factor Borderline Inventory-Super Short Form and Screener.

The Five-Factor Borderline Inventory (FFBI) and FFBI-Short Form (FFBI-SF) are 120-item and 48-item measures that assess the underlying maladaptive personality traits of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The purpose of this study was to develop a super short form (FFBI-SSF) and an FFBI-Screener to facilitate the use of dimensional trait measures for BPD. Using item response theory analyses, the 48-item measure was reduced to 22 items using a large undergraduate sample (N = 1300) and then retested using a Mechanical Turk sample (N = 602), demonstrating strong replicability. IRT was again used to further reduce the measure from 22 items to four items to provide a brief screening tool. Correlations of the FFBI-SSF and Screener with measures of BPD-related variables were compared across five samples (N = 919, 204, 580, 281, and 488). Overall, the FFBI-SSF showed similar relations to the FFBI-SF at the full scale and domain-level scales, while the FFBI-screener demonstrated similar relations at the full scale level. This super short form and screener may best be used in large-scale research studies or as part of a screening tool in clinical settings.