[What do we need to work with community orientation in Primary Health Care? Twenty-five measures for management and teams]. / ¿Qué necesitamos para «hacer comunitaria¼? Veinticinco medidas prácticas para gerencias y equipos de atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: Identify and clarify what practical organizational measures would promote the development of level 2 (community-oriented group health education) and level 3 (community action) community activities in Primary Health Care (PHC) from the perspective of medical professionals with training and experience in this area. METHOD: Exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out using qualitative methodology using two techniques: 3 focus groups (24 participants) and 12 open questionnaires (12 participants). RESULTS: 25 measures are defined to promote the development of these activities that are the responsibility of management and Primary Care Teams (PCT). The most notable proposals are: enhance training in community health, incorporate community activity into the work agendas of professionals, political prioritization and support from management, ensure the job stability of the teams, strengthen the recognition of activities community, resize the patient population of professionals, strengthen multidisciplinary work, cohesion and an autonomous and flexible organization in the PCT, and have the support of the coordinations-directions of the PCT. CONCLUSIONS: Three proposals have been considered fundamental to promote the development of level 2 and level 3 community activities in PHC: 1) promote training in community health; 2) incorporate community activity into the work agendas of professionals; 3) political prioritization and support from management for the development of these two levels of work in PHC. Six other proposals have been recognized as being of special importance.

[Implementation of Recommendations and Clinical Practice Guidelines by residents: the role of the Multiprofessional Family and Community Care Teaching Units in Spain]. / Implementación de recomendaciones y guías de práctica clínica por residentes: el papel de las unidades docentes multiprofesionales de atención familiar y comunitaria en España.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role of Family and Community Care Trainig Units as facilitators of the implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) and the factors associated with a greater effort in this task. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical approach. PARTICIPANTS: Training Units in Spain (N=94). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Variables were collected through a self-completed survey into five domains: characteristics of Training Units, training activity directed at evidence-based clinical practice (EBPP), importance attributed to this activity, responsibility for EBPP implementation, perception of barriers and facilitators to its use. Descriptive and multivariate analysis with the dependent variable being the perceived effort of the training unit to implement CPG. RESULTS: 45 Training Units responded (47.9%). 42.2%(CI 95%: 27.8-56.6) of their coordinators have directed research projects and 31.1% (CI 95%:17.6-44.6) have participated in elaborating CPG. They organized an average of 51hours (SD 47.2) of training in PCBP. 97.7% (CI95%:93.3-100) considered it fundamental that the residents ow and apply PCBP and 93.3% (CI95%:86.0-100) considered that tutors are responsible for the implementation. The participation of the coordinator in CPG (coef: 0.58; IC 95%: 0.00-1.16), awareness of how important is that residents know about CPG (coef: 0.89; IC 95%: 0.24-1.54) and that CPG appear to be widely applicable. applicable (coef: 0.35; IC 95%: -0.01-0.70) were related to a greater effort by the training units. CONCLUSIONS: The training units recognize the importance of CPGs and consider that tutors are responsible for their implementation. Training Units effort to implement CPG was related to unit coordinators previous experience, the perception of applicability and residents needs.

Razones, retos y aportaciones del programa de la especialidad de medicina familiar y comunitaria en España / Razões, desafios e contribuições do programa da especialidade de Medicina de Família e Comunidade na Espanha / Reasons, challenges and contributions of the specialty training programme in family and community medicine in Spain

El sistema de formación especializada, mediante residencia, ha sido, indudablemente, en estos 30 años uno de los motores que ha contribuido a elevar de forma homogénea la calidad asistencial y la seguridad de los pacientes, alcanzando de forma eficiente importantes resultados en salud en España, en relación a los países de nuestro entorno. La especialidad de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (MFyC) es una de las 44 especialidades médicas vía residencia. Se desarrolla en 97 Unidades Docentes que cuentan con 887 Centros de Salud y 212 hospitales acreditados y forma en torno a 1800 residentes/año. El programa de la especialidad, actualmente vigente, de 4 años, es un programa orientado por competencias, donde la flexibilidad, la pluripotencialidad, el eje tutor-residente y la evaluación formativa son sus características claves. Nace de la firme voluntad de actualizar y consolidar el cuerpo doctrinal y los valores de la MFyC y de un profundo compromiso con la formación y con el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Se sustenta en la evidencia de que un sistema sanitario para ser equitativo, efectivo, eficiente y viable debe contar con una Atención Primaria potente y resolutiva, la cual debe ser proporcionada por médicos bien formados y entrenados en su práctica. Por todo ello, es clave que los Ministerios y Organismos responsables de los sistemas sanitario y educativo de los países, consideren, como objetivo imprescindible, valorizar, con financiación adecuada y "empowerment", a la Atención Primaria como función central del sistema sanitario y a la MFyC como disciplina, especialidad y profesión sanitaria.

O sistema de formação especializada em medicina mediante residência tem sido, sem dúvida, nestes 30 anos, um dos elementos que contribuíram para aumentar a homogeneidade da qualidade assistencial e a segurança dos pacientes, atingindo eficientemente importantes resultados na saúde espanhola, com relação aos países vizinhos. A especialidade de Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) é uma das 44 especialidades médicas existentes por meio de residência. É desenvolvida em 97 Unidades Docentes (UUDD) que contam com 887 Centros de Saúde e com 212 hospitais credenciados que formam cerca de 1800 residentes/ano. O programa da especialidade, que atualmente é de quatro anos, é orientado por competências em que a flexibilidade, o pluralismo na potencialidade, o eixo preceptor-residente, e a avaliação, são características principais. O programa nasce da vontade de atualizar e consolidar as doutrinas e os valores da MFC e de um profundo compromisso com a formação e com o Sistema Nacional de Saúde. É sustentado na evidência de que um sistema de saúde para ser equitativo, eficiente e viável precisa contar com uma Atenção Primária contundente e resolutiva, que deve vir com médicos bem formados e treinados. Por isso, é fundamental que os ministérios e os órgãos responsáveis pelos sistemas de saúde e educação dos diferentes países, levem em conta como objetivo imprescindível, a valorização, com um financiamento adequado e o empowerment necessário, da Atenção Primária como eixo central do sistema de saúde, e a MFC como disciplina, especialidade e profissão para a área da saúde.

In the past 30 years, specialty training in medicine, by means of residency programmes, has undoubtedly been one of the instruments that helped raise care quality and patient safety homogenously across the country, efficiently achieving important health outcomes in Spain in relation to surrounding countries. The specialty of Family and Community Medicine (FCM) is one of 44 medical specialties which require a residency training programme. It is developed in 97 teaching units that count on 887 health centres and 212 accredited hospitals, and train approximately 1800 residents per year. Currently, the specialty programme in FCM lasts four years and it is a competency-oriented programme whose key elements encompass flexibility, pluripotency, a resident-preceptor axe, and formative assessment. It originates from the firm will to update and consolidate the doctrines and values of FCM, as well as from a deep commitment to education and the National Health System. It is based on the evidence that an equitable, efficient and viable health care system must rely on a forceful and resolute Primary Care, which should provide well-prepared and trained physicians. Therefore, it is critical that the Ministries (and other organisations responsible for the health and educational systems of different countries) regard the provision of adequate funding and empowerment as an essential objective, so that primary care services can play a central role within the Health System and FCM can be seen as a discipline, specialty and health profession.