Boletim Epidemiológico 001/2024 Acidentes com animais peçonhentos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Epidemiological Bulletin 001/2024 Accidents with venomous animals in the State of Rio de Janeiro

Boletim Epidemiológico 2024 que mostra acidentes com animais peçonhentos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em tópicos: 1-Introdução, dividido em Notificação de acidentes por animais peçonhentos e Investigação epidemiológica; 2-Acidentes Ofídicos; 3-Acidentes causados por escorpiões; 4-Acidentes causados por aranhas; 5-Cenário Epidemiológico. Usando tabelas, gráficos e mapas.

Adsorption in Pyrene-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks: The Role of Pore Structure and Topology.

Pore topology and chemistry play crucial roles in the adsorption characteristics of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). To deepen our understanding of the interactions between MOFs and CO2 during this process, we systematically investigate the adsorption properties of a group of pyrene-based MOFs. These MOFs feature Zn(II) as the metal ion and employ a pyrene-based ligand, specifically 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoic acid)pyrene (TBAPy). Including different additional ligands leads to frameworks with distinctive structural and chemical features. By comparing these structures, we could isolate the role that pore size, the presence of open-metal sites (OMS), metal-oxygen bridges, and framework charges play in the CO2 adsorption of these MOFs. Frameworks with constricted pore structures display a phenomenon known as the confinement effect, fostering stronger MOF-CO2 interactions and higher uptakes at low pressures. In contrast, entropic effects dominate at elevated pressures, and the MOF's pore volume becomes the driving factor. Through analysis of the CO2 uptakes of the benchmark materials ─some with narrower pores and others with larger pore volumes─it becomes evident that structures with narrower pores and high binding energies excel at low pressures. In contrast, those with larger volumes perform better at elevated pressures. Moreover, this research highlights that open-metal sites and inherent charges within the frameworks of ionic MOFs stand out as CO2-philic characteristics.

Better outcomes using suture button compared to screw fixation in talofibular syndesmotic injuries of the ankle: a level I evidence-based meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The present meta-analysis evaluated current level I clinical trials which compared the use of a suture button (SB) versus syndesmotic screw (SS) fixation techniques for syndesmosis injuries of the ankle. The outcomes of interest were to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and complications. It was hypothesised that SB might achieve better PROMs along with a lower rate of complications. METHODS: This study was conducted according to the 2020 PRISMA statement. In August 2023, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase were accessed. All the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which compared SB versus SS fixation for syndesmosis injuries of the ankle were accessed. Data concerning the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS), and Olerud-Molander score (OMS) were collected at baseline and at last follow-up. Data on implant failure, implant removal, and joint malreduction were also retrieved. RESULTS: Data from seven RCTs (490 patients) were collected. 33% (161 of 490) were women. The mean length of the follow-up was 30.8 ± 27.4 months. The mean age of the patients was 41.1 ± 4.1 years. Between the two groups (SB and SS), comparability was found in the mean age, and men:women ratio. The SS group evidenced lower OMS (P = 0.0006) and lower AOFAS (P = 0.03). The SS group evidenced a greater rate of implant failure (P = 0.0003), implant removal (P = 0.0005), and malreduction (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Suture button fixation might perform better than the syndesmotic screw fixation in syndesmotic injuries of the ankle.

[2022 WHO classification of renal cell carcinomas: Focus on papillary renal cell carcinoma]. / Classification OMS 2022 des cancers du rein : focus sur le carcinome rénal papillaire.

Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) represent a group of heterogeneous tumors whose classification has greatly evolved since 1981. The latest update in 2022 classifies all renal cell carcinomas into six categories according to their morphology or the detection of specific molecular alterations. Molecular disassembly of renal cell carcinomas with papillary features has enabled the identification of new entities characterized by a specific molecular alteration, such as Fumarate Hydratase (FH) deficient RCC, TFE3-rearranged RCC or TFEB-altered RCC. This new classification allows for a more accurate diagnosis but requires a thorough knowledge of the genomic alterations to search for with immunohistochemical or molecular biology techniques. According to the new WHO 2022 classification, papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRC) type 1 or type 2 classification is no longer recommended. A classification based on nucleolar ISUP grade must be preferred: low-grade PRC (ISUP 1-2) or high-grade PRC (ISUP 3-4). The other prognostic factors remain the same: the pTNM stage, lymphovascular invasion, and the presence or absence of dedifferentiated areas referring to sarcomatoid or rhabdoid features. Of note, the presence of necrosis is not currently recognized as a poor prognostic element for this type of carcinoma. The diagnosis of high-grade PRC is from now on a diagnosis of exclusion. It can only be sustained after having ruled out TFE3-rearranged RCC, TFEB-altered RCC, and FH-deficient RCC. For clinicians, the diagnosis of PRC implies suggesting an oncogenetic consultation to screen for an associated genetic tumor syndrome regardless of the patient's age.

Efficient ozone decomposition in high humidity environments using novel iron-doped OMS-2-loaded activated carbon material.

This study effectively addresses the rapid deactivation of manganese-based catalysts in humid environments during ozone decomposition by introducing iron-doped manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (Fe-OMS-2) catalysts supported on activated carbon (AC). By optimizing the doping ratio of Fe-OMS-2, the Fe-OMS-20.5/AC catalyst achieves nearly 100% ozone decomposition efficiency across a wide range of relative humidity levels (0 to 60%), even at elevated air flow rates of 800 L·g-1·h-1, outperforming standalone AC, Fe-OMS-2, or a simple mixture of OMS-2 and AC. The Fe-OMS-20.5/AC catalyst features a porous surface and a mesoporous structure, providing a substantial specific surface area that facilitates the uniform distribution of the Fe-OMS-2 active phase on the AC surface. The incorporation of Fe3+ ions enhances electron transfer between valence state transitions of Mn, thereby improving the catalyst's efficiency in ozone decomposition. Additionally, the AC component protects catalytic sites and enhances the catalyst's humidity resistance. In conclusion, this research presents a novel strategy for developing highly efficient and cost-effective ozone decomposition catalysts that enhance dehumidification, significantly contributing to industrial ozone treatment technologies and advancing environmental protection.

Late cognitive and adaptive outcomes of patients with neuroblastoma-associated opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia-syndrome: A report from the Children's Oncology Group.

BACKGROUND: Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the nervous system presenting with abnormal eye and limb movements, altered gait, and increased irritability. Two to four percent of children diagnosed with neuroblastoma have neuroblastoma-associated OMAS (NA-OMAS). These children typically present with non-high-risk neuroblastoma that is cured with surgery, with or without chemotherapy. Despite excellent overall survival, patients with NA-OMAS can have significant persistent neurological and developmental issues. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe long-term neurocognitive and adaptive functioning of patients with NA-OMAS treated with multimodal therapy, including intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocol ANBL00P3. METHODS: Of 53 children enrolled on ANBL00P3, 25 submitted evaluable neurocognitive data at diagnosis and at least one additional time point within 2 years and were included in the analyses. Adaptive development was assessed via the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, and validated, age-appropriate measures of intellectual function were also administered. RESULTS: Twenty-one of the 25 patients in this cohort ultimately received IVIG. Descriptive spaghetti plots suggest that this cohort demonstrated stable long-term cognitive functioning and adaptive development over time. This cohort also demonstrated decreased OMAS scores over time consistent with improved OMAS symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: While statistical significance is limited by small sample size and loss to follow-up over 10 years, findings suggest stable long-term cognitive and adaptive functioning over time in this treated cohort.

Pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, and oral and maxillofacial surgery residents' stress, career satisfaction, and gender-based discrimination/harassment.

OBJECTIVES: Dental residents experience high stress in their demanding programs and gender-based harassment/discrimination can contribute to their stress. The objectives were to compare stress, satisfaction, experienced sexual harassment and observed discrimination of women in dental graduate programs with high, medium, and low percentages of women and to explore relationships between these constructs of interest. METHODS: Note that, 112 pediatric dentistry (PD), 44 prosthodontics, and 56 oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residents responded to a survey. RESULTS: PD residents had the lowest personal life-related stress (4-point scale with 4 = very stressful: PD = 2.99/P = 3.67/OMS = 3.56; p < 0.001), faculty-related stress (2.68/3.66/3.03; p < 0.001), lack of confidence-related stress (2.79/3.31/2.96; p < 0.01) and academic stress (2.65/3.24/3.02; p < 0.001), while prosthodontics residents had the highest stress levels. The average frequency of experiencing sexual harassment was highest for OMS residents and lowest for PD residents (5-point scale with 1 = never: 1.15/2.62/2.74; p < 0.001). PD residents observed least and OMS residents most frequently that female residents were treated less positively by other residents because of their gender (1.59/2.57/3.00; p < 0.001). Prosthodontics residents had the lowest job satisfaction score (5-point scale with 1 = lowest satisfaction: 4.12/3.14/4.20; p < 0.001). The more frequently male and female residents experienced sexual harassment, the higher their personal life-related stress, faculty-related stress, lack of confidence-related stress, and academic stress, and the lower their career satisfaction, specialty content satisfaction, and stress-related satisfaction. Women's frequencies of observed gender-based discrimination were associated with higher stress and lower satisfaction, while men's frequencies of these observations were not associated with stress, but associated with increased satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Dental residents' stress, career satisfaction, experienced sexual harassment, and observed discrimination of women residents differ depending on the dental specialty program. Both male and female residents report more stress and less satisfaction the more they experience sexual harassment. The more women observe discrimination of women, the more stressed and the less satisfied they are. For men, the frequencies of these observations are not associated with stress, but positively associated with increased satisfaction.

[Salivary gland tumors: 2022 WHO blue book and beyond]. / Tumeurs des glandes salivaires : OMS 2022 et au-delà.

In 2022, the 5th edition of the WHO classification of Head and Neck tumors was published online. In the salivary gland chapter, a new benign entity, the keratocystoma, was introduced. The sclerosing polycystic adenosis has been recognized as tumoral and is now termed sclerosing polycystic adenoma. The striated duct adenoma now has its own dedicated chapter. Additionally, a new variant of pleomorphic adenoma, termed "canalicular adenoma-like," has been incorporated. Regarding malignant tumors of the salivary glands, significant doubts now exist regarding the actual existence of oncocytic carcinoma, which has been reclassified among emerging entities. Two new malignant entities have also emerged: microsecretory adenocarcinoma and microcystic sclerosing adenocarcinoma. Finally, primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands has been acknowledged as a distinct entity.

Enhancing CO catalytic oxidation performance over Cu-doping manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves catalyst.

The CO oxidation catalytic activity of catalysts is strongly influenced by the oxygen vacancy defects (OVDs) concentration and the valence state of active metal. Herein, a defect engineering approach was implemented to enhance the oxygen vacancy defects and to modify the valence of metal ions in manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS-2) by the introduction of copper (Cu). The characterization and theoretical calculation results reveal that the incorporation of Cu2+ ion into the OMS-2 structure led to a rise in specific surface area and pore volume, weakening of Mn-O bonds, higher proportion of the low-coordinated oxygen species adsorbed in oxygen vacancies (Oads) and an increase in the average oxidation state of manganese. These structural modifications were discovered to considerably reduce the apparent activation energy (Ea), thus ultimately significantly enhancing the CO oxidation activity (T99 at 148 ℃at GHSV = 13,200 h-1) than the original OMS-2 (T99 = 215 ℃ at GHSV = 13,200 h-1). Furthermore, In-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and In-situ near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (in situ NAP-XPS) results indicate that the bimetallic synergy enhanced by doping strategy accelerates the conversion of oxygen to chemisorbed oxygen species and the reaction rate of CO oxidation through Mn3++Cu2+↔Mn4++Cu+ redox cycle. The findings of this study offer novel perspectives on the design of catalysts with exceptional performance in CO oxidation.

Barriers to research among residents in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: Research is an integral part of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residency training. This study aimed to identify the current barriers perceived by OMS residents toward conducting research during training. METHODS: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted. The survey was distributed to 670 OMS residents across the United States in 2021 and consisted of questions regarding demographics, residency program requirements and resources, and perceived barriers to research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and post hoc Dunn's test with a statistical significance of P < 0.05. RESULTS: The response rate was 24.2%. Most participants' programs had a minimum research requirement to complete a residency (80%). The top three reported barriers to completing research were lack of time (84%), limited access to research mentors or supervisors (37%), and lack of access to biostatistical support (31%). Factors associated with these barriers included the lack of a research director, supervisor, mentor, assistant, or statistician. There was no significant difference between residents in programs with protected research time versus those without. CONCLUSIONS: OMS residents generally viewed research experience during residency as beneficial but reported important barriers, most notably: insufficient time. Although most OMS training programs in the US require research for completion, many do not provide adequate time to facilitate this process. Compared with literature from over a decade ago, it appears little progress has been made to remedy similar barriers to research. Addressing this deficiency may increase the quantity and quality of research, furthering the profession.

Characterization of key aroma compounds in roasted chicken using SPME, SAFE, GC-O, GC-MS, AEDA, OAV, recombination-omission tests, and sensory evaluation.

Aroma compounds in the roasted breasts, thighs and skins of chicken were isolated by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE), quantitated by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass (GC-O-MS), analyzed by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), and determined by recombination-omission tests and sensory evaluation. Forty-seven aroma compounds in total, including aldehydes, ketones, furans, pyrazines, and furanones, were selected by AEDA. Twenty-five compounds were selected as pivotal odorants (Odor Activity Value, OAV ≥ 1). Twenty aroma compounds significantly were identified by recombination and omission experiments. Anethole (fennel odor) was the highest OAV (＞ 1843). Hexanal (grassy) and (E, E)-2,4-decadienal (meaty) were the most abundant aldehydes identified in roasted chicken. 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom), methanethiol (cabbage) and dimethyl trisulfide (areca, sulfur) were considered the key compounds of the breast and thighs of roasted chicken. Notably, furanone and pyrazines, 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (caramel, sweet and burning odor), 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine (nutty, toasty) and 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine (nutty, toasty) had the most significant effect on roasted chicken odor, especially in the skin.

Unlocking peach juice byproduct potential in food waste biorefineries: Phenolic compounds profile, antioxidant capacity and fermentable sugars.

This work assesses an integrated pathway for the revalorization of peach byproduct (PB) within a biorefinery. PB was subjected to an oven-drying (OD) treatment for its evaluation as a storage treatment. It was compared to freeze-drying and untreated material in terms of antioxidant capacity (AOC), phenolic compounds (PC) profile and fermentable sugar production. OD reduced the water content to less than 15 % while preserving the bound hydrolysable polyphenols, which were the more abundant PC (≈64 %) with the highest AOC. Drying treatments hampered polysaccharide accessibility, but some enzyme preparations released 60-70 g/L of fermentable sugars at relatively high solids loading (10 %). This study proposes a novel enzyme-based strategy for the valorisation of fermentable sugars and antioxidant compounds from PB. The sugars can be fermented into several building blocks while the solid residue enriched in recalcitrant phenolic compounds and proteins could be used to develop novel functional products for food/feed sectors.

Evaluation of antiseptic mouthwashes protocol against SARS-CoV-2 on orthodontic appliances (an in vitro study) / Avaliação do protocolo de enxaguantes bucais antissépticos contra SARS-CoV-2 em aparelhos ortodônticos (estudo in vitro)

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of daily mouthwash rinsing protocols recommended against SARS-CoV-2 on metal ions discharged from fixed orthodontic appliances, specifically Nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr). Material and Methods: Total of 400 hemi-arch fixed appliances were segregated into two groups, namely Nickel Titanium (NiTi) and Stainless Steel (SS), based on the type of archwire employed. Each set was submerged in 2% povidone-iodine, 1% hydrogen peroxide, 0.2% chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwashes. Distilled water was used for comparative measurements of the ions released as a control group (n=10/group). They were incubated for four periods at 37°C (one hour, twenty-four hours, one, and 3 weeks). Nil and Cr ions released from the fixed appliance were evaluated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and paired comparison analysis. Results: The worst levels of Ni and Cr liberated from the SS group observed in povidone-iodine mouthwash at 1.173 and 1.701 ppm, respectively, while the chlorhexidine mouthwash released accepted level of Ni and Cr at 0.033 and 0.056 ppm, respectively. The NiTi group displayed the appalling ions released of Ni and Cr in povidone-iodine mouthwash at 1.87 and 2.4 ppm, respectively. Whereas the released levels of Ni and Cr ions from the chlorhexidine group and cetylpyridinium chloride were 0.048 and 0.127 ppm, respectively, with significant differences between the tested groups and intervals. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine and Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwashes were the appropriate options for orthodontic patients to minimized ions released according to this study protocol.(AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o impacto dos protocolos diários de enxaguatório bucal recomendados contra SARS-CoV-2 em íons metálicos liberados de aparelhos ortodônticos fixos, especificamente Níquel (Ni) e Cromo (Cr). Material e Métodos: Um total de 400 aparelhos fixos de hemiarcada foram segregados em dois grupos, Níquel Titânio (NiTi) e Aço Inoxidável (SS), com base no tipo de fio utilizado. Cada conjunto foi submerso em enxaguantes bucais com iodopovidona a 2%, peróxido de hidrogênio a 1%, clorexidina a 0,2% e cloreto de cetilpiridínio. Água destilada foi utilizada para medições comparativas dos íons liberados como grupo controle (n=10/grupo). Eles foram incubados por cinco períodos a 37°C (uma hora, vinte e quatro horas, uma e 3 semanas). Os íons Nil e Cr liberados do aparelho fixo foram avaliados por espectroscopia de absorção atômica. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e análise de comparação pareada. Resultados:Os piores níveis de Ni e Cr liberados no grupo SS foram observados no enxaguatório bucal com iodopovidona em 1,173 e 1,701 ppm, respectivamente, enquanto o enxaguatório bucal com clorexidina liberou níveis aceitos de Ni e Cr em 0,033 e 0,056 ppm, respectivamente. O grupo NiTi exibiu os terríveis íons liberados de Ni e Cr no enxaguatório bucal com iodopovidona a 1,87 e 2,4 ppm, respectivamente. Já os níveis liberados de íons Ni e Cr do grupo clorexidina e cloreto de cetilpiridínio foram 0,048 e 0,127 ppm, respectivamente, com diferenças significativas entre os grupos e intervalos testados. Conclusão: Enxaguatórios bucais com clorexidina e cloreto de cetilpiridínio foram as opções adequadas para pacientes ortodônticos para minimizar a liberação de íons de acordo com o protocolo deste estudo(AU)

Questionário de avaliação das práticas e experiências de saúde sexual (SHAPE): Processo de adaptação e resultados dos dados coletados durante o pré-teste em Portugal / The sexual health assessment of practices and experiences (SHAPE) questionnaire: Adaptation Process and Results of the Data Collected during the Pre-Test in Portugal

O Questionário de Avaliação das Práticas e Experiências de Saúde Sexual (SHAPE), desenvolvido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, está sendo implementado e testado pela primeira vez em nível mundial em Portugal. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o processo de adaptação e os resultados dos dados coletados durante o pré-teste. O pré-teste foi realizado com uma amostra de 40 indivíduos (60% mulheres; idade média de 53,9 anos). Metade dos questionários foi respondida online e a outra metade por entrevista telefônica. A taxa de resposta online foi de 76,9% e a de resposta por telefone foi de 11,3%. Nas entrevistas telefônicas, o principal motivo para recusa em participar foi o fato de o tema ser muito pessoal. O SHAPE foi bem aceito, com 95% dos respondentes respondendo às perguntas sobre gravidez, 97,5% respondendo às questões sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e 97,5% respondendo às perguntas sobre experiências sexuais não consensuais. A existência de um instrumento que aborde os componentes comportamentais e psicossociais da saúde sexual e reprodutiva, adaptado para uso na população portuguesa e aplicável em nível global, permitirá o desenvolvimento de estudos abrangentes e comparativos que beneficiarão a promoção da saúde em geral e, em particular, da saúde sexual e reprodutiva.

The Sexual Health Assessment of Practices and Experiences (SHAPE) Questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization is being implemented and tested for the first time worldwide in Portugal. The objective of this study is to describe the adaptation process and the results of the data collected during the pre-test. Pretesting was conducted with a sample of 40 individuals (60% women; mean age 53.9 years). Half of the questionnaires were answered online and half by telephone interview. The online response rate was 76.9% and telephone was 11.3%. Of the telephone interviews, the principal reason for refusing to participate was that the subject was so personal. SHAPE was well accepted, with 95% of respondents answering the questions on pregnancy, 97.5% answering those on sexually transmitted infections and 97.5% answering the questions on non-consensual sexual experiences. The existence of an instrument dealing with the behavioral and psychosocial components of sexual and reproductive health, adapted for use in the Portuguese population while also being applicable on a global level, will permit comprehensive and comparative studies to be developed that will benefit health promotion in general and sexual and reproductive health in particular.

Vacinar ou arriscar? A mensagem da Organização Mundial de Saúde para promover a vacinação contra a covid-19 / Vaccinate or taking chances? The World Health Organization's message to promote vaccination against COVID-19

Resumo Centrando-se no impacto que a comunicação de risco emitida pelas organizações de saúde pública tem na mudança dos comportamentos da sociedade, esta investigação pretende analisar as mensagens-chave que a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) definiu para promover o programa de vacinação contra a covid-19. Para cumprir este objetivo, enveredou-se por uma metodologia de estudo qualitativa, que privilegiou o uso da análise do conteúdo publicado nas páginas de Facebook e de Instagram da OMS, no período de 1 de abril a 31 de agosto de 2021. No total, foram analisadas 62 publicações. Os resultados mostraram que a OMS utilizou quatro eixo de comunicação para promover a importância da vacinação na sociedade: garantir a credibilidade e a transparência da informação transmitida; certificar a segurança e a eficácia da vacina; apelar ao sentido de responsabilidade coletiva; e associar a vacina à solução para pôr fim à pandemia. As conclusões do estudo mostram que, embora a equidade no acesso à vacina ainda seja uma realidade em construção, os quase 70% da população mundial vacinada sugerem que as mensagens enviadas pela OMS no contexto de comunicação de risco podem ter contribuído para a construção de uma imagem positiva do programa de vacinação.

Abstract Focusing on the impact that risk communication issued by public health organizations brings to changing societal behaviors, this research aimed to analyze the key messages that the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined to promote the COVID-19 vaccination program. In order to achieve this goal, a qualitative study methodology was used to analyze the content published on the WHO's Facebook and Instagram pages from April 1 to August 31, 2021. In total, 62 publications were analyzed. The results showed that the WHO used four key communication messages to promote the importance of vaccination in society: ensuring the credibility and transparency of the information transmitted; certifying the safety and efficacy of the vaccine; appealing to a sense of collective responsibility; and associating the vaccine with the solution to end the pandemic were the chosen communication axes. The conclusions of this study show that, although fair access to the vaccine is still a reality in the making, the fact that almost 70% of the world's population has been vaccinated suggests that the messages sent by the WHO in the context of risk communication may have contributed to building a positive image of the vaccination program.

[ICD-11: New revision and impact of this classification in psychiatry]. / CIM-11 (OMS) : nouvelle révision et impact de la classification onusienne en psychiatrie.

OBJECTIVES: After more than 20 years of work, the World Health Organization's efforts have culminated in the adoption of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The process has been guided by the principles of global applicability, scientific validity, and clinical utility. The update of the chapter on mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders (MBND) within the ICD-11 has generated widespread interest worldwide. This has raised various questions about the status of mental disorder nosology, changes to diagnostic guidelines, and the potential implications for clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a narrative analysis of the literature in four different languages to track the various stages of the ICD-11 revision and to highlight the major changes. We searched databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, and consulted the official websites of the WHO, APA, and UNICEF. A total of 79 articles from 40 different editorials and websites were analyzed and included in this study. RESULTS: The new chapters on mental disorders in the ICD-11 include 21 groups, as opposed to the 11 in the ICD-10. The changes aim to align the diagnoses with those of the DSM-5 and introduce a new chapter structure, new diagnostic categories, modifications to diagnostic criteria, and advancements in dimensionality. For the first time in the history of the ICD, sleep and wakefulness disorders, as well as disorders related to sexual health, have been addressed in separate chapters of the international classification. Four new diagnoses have been added: complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), gaming disorder, prolonged grief disorder, and compulsive sexual behavior which replaces "excessive sexual activity" in the ICD-10. Moreover, the ICD-11 revision has brought about a fundamental change in the clinical conceptualization of addictive behaviors, introducing a distinction between substance use disorders and addictive behaviors. The criteria for many existing conditions have been revised, particularly those related to bipolar disorders, eating disorders, and gender identity disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The revision process for mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11 has witnessed unprecedented participation in the history of mental disorder classification. These changes could have a significant impact on clinical practice in psychiatry. However, it is crucial to examine the advantages and limitations of this new classification compared to previous versions.

Highly Active and Water-Resistant Cu-Doped OMS-2 Catalysts for CO Oxidation: The Importance of the OMS-2 Synthesis Method and Cu Doping.

Porous cryptomelane-type Mn oxide (OMS-2) has an outstanding redox property, making it a highly desirable substitute for noble metal catalysts for CO oxidation, but its catalytic activity still needs to be improved, especially in the presence of water. Given the strong structure-performance correlation of OMS-2 for oxidation reactions, herein, OMS-2 is synthesized by solid state (OMS-2S), reflux (OMS-2R), and hydrothermal (OMS-2H) methods, aiming to improve its CO oxidation performance through manipulating synthesis parameters to tailor its particle size, morphology, and crystallinity. Characterization shows that OMS-2S has the highest CO oxidation activity in the absence of water due to its low crystallinity, high specific surface area, large oxygen vacancy content, and good redox property, but the presence of water can greatly reduce its CO oxidation activity. Doping Cu into an OMS-2 can not only improve its CO oxidation activity but also greatly improve its water tolerance. The Cu-doped OMS-2S catalyst with ∼4 wt % Cu can achieve a T90 of 49 °C (1% CO/10% O2/N2 and WHSV = 60,000 mL·g-1·h-1), ranking among the lowest reported T90 values for Mn oxide-based CO oxidation catalysts, and it can maintain nearly 100% CO conversion in the presence of 5 vol % water for over 50 h. In situ DRIFTs characterization indicates that the good water resistance of Cu-doped OMS-2S can be attributed to the significantly suppressed surface hydroxyl group generation because of Cu doping. This work demonstrates the importance of the synthesis method and Cu doping in determining the CO oxidation activity and water resistance of OMS-2 and will provide guidance for synthesizing highly active and water-resistant CO oxidation catalysts.

Boletim Epidemiológico 001/2023 Acidentes com animais peçonhentos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Epidemiological Bulletin 001/2023 Accidents with venomous animals in the State of Rio de Janeiro

Boletim Epidemiológico 2023 que mostra acidentes com animais peçonhentos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em tópicos: 1-Introdução, dividido em Notificação de acidentes por animais peçonhentos e Investigação epidemiológica; 2-Acidentes Ofídicos; 3-Acidentes causados por escorpiões; 4-Acidentes causados por aranhas; 5-Cenário Epidemiológico. Usando tabela, gráficos e mapas.

[Application of WHO 2015 nutritional profile model for the reduction of added sugars in children's dairy]. / Aplicación del modelo de perfiles nutricionales OMS 2015 para la reducción de azúcares añadidos en lácteos infantiles.

Introduction: In the last 20 years we have doubled obesity rates. In Spain, 67 % of the population does not have an adequate weight and 40 % of the child population suffers from obesity or overweight. This leads to serious diseases. To avoid this, a national plan to fight obesity is required, with prevention and therapeutic strategies so as not to continue increasing these data in 2030. Among the factors that cause childhood obesity are poor eating habits as well as a lack of physical activity and excessive use of screens. In addition, there is a significant social gap. Childhood obesity especially affects families with lower purchasing power (54 %) who do not have access to a healthy diet or the necessary tools or knowledge to promote health to their sons and daughters through food. The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe developed a nutrient profile model in 2015, specifically for the purpose of restricting the marketing of foods aimed at children. This model is considered by the scientific community as a reference tool when it comes to establish policies and improvements in favor of public health, in order to provide families with access to food with a better profile and nutritional value.

Introducción: En los últimos 20 años hemos duplicado las tasas de obesidad. Un 67 % de la población no tiene un peso adecuado y el 40 % de la población infantil sufre obesidad o sobrepeso en España. Esto deriva en graves enfermedades. Para evitarlo, es necesario un plan nacional de lucha contra la obesidad, con estrategias de prevención y terapéuticas para no seguir incrementando estos datos en 2030. Entre los factores causantes de la obesidad infantil se encuentran los malos hábitos de alimentación, además de la falta de actividad física y un uso excesivo de pantallas. Además, existe una brecha social importante. La obesidad infantil afecta especialmente a familias con menor poder adquisitivo (el 54 %), que no tienen acceso a una alimentación saludable ni las herramientas necesarias o el conocimiento para promover la salud a sus hijos e hijas a través de la alimentación. La Oficina Regional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para Europa desarrolló un modelo de perfil de nutrientes en 2015, específicamente a efectos de restringir la comercialización de alimentos dirigida a los niños, un modelo que se plantea desde la comunidad científica como una herramienta de referencia a la hora de establecer políticas y mejoras en pro de la salud pública, con el fin de facilitar a las familias el acceso a alimentos con un mejor perfil y valor nutricional.

In-person Versus Virtual Interviews in the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Application Process: An Applicant Perspective.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether in-person vs virtual interviews in the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) residency application process affects an applicant's perspective on a program and his/her comfort level in ranking a program. This study will also look to assess if the continuation of virtual interviews has any socioeconomic impacts on the application pool. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used a descriptive survey sent to all applicants in the 2022 to 2023 OMS residency application cycle to The Ohio State University OMS Residency Program (OSU OMS). The survey involved both scaled and comparative questions aimed to deduce applicant's preferences on the mode of interview process. Questions were designed to both target an applicant's ability to differentiate programs as well uncover any socioeconomic impacts that the reinstatement of in-person interviews caused. All obtained statistics were computed for data analysis. RESULTS: There were 187 applicants to the OSU OMS program in the 2022 to 2023 cycle. Fifty-four applicants completed responses (response rate = 28.9%). A total of 84.4% of respondents preferred in-person interviews. CONCLUSIONS: In-person interviews are the preferred modality for OMS interviews. The ability to experience a program and its faculty and residents in-person proved favorable despite the financial and logistical benefits of virtual interviews.