Intraoperative effects of an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre in patients undergoing laparoscopic colon surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary atelectasis is common in patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia, which increases the risk of perioperative respiratory complications. Alveolar recruitment manoeuvres (ARM) are used to open up the lung parenchyma with atelectasis, although the duration of their benefit has not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an ARM in laparoscopic colon surgery, the duration of response over time, and its haemodynamic impact. METHODS: Twenty-five patients undergoing laparoscopic colon surgery were included. After anaesthetic induction and initiation of surgery with pneumoperitoneum, an ARM was performed, and then optimal PEEP determined. Respiratory mechanics and gas exchange variables, and haemodynamic parameters, were analysed before the manoeuvre and periodically over the following 90 min. RESULTS: Three patients were excluded for surgical reasons. The alveolar arterial oxygen gradient went from 94.3 (62.3-117.8) mmHg before to 60.7 (29.6-91.0) mmHg after the manoeuvre (P < .05). This difference was maintained during the 90 min of the study. Dynamic compliance of the respiratory system went from 31.3 ml/cmH2O (26.1-39.2) before the manoeuvre to 46.1 ml/cmH2O (37.5-53.5) after the manoeuvre (P < .05). This difference was maintained for 60 min. No significant changes were identified in any of the haemodynamic variables studied. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing laparoscopic colon surgery, performing an intraoperative ARM improves the mechanics of the respiratory system and oxygenation, without associated haemodynamic compromise. The benefit of these manoeuvres lasts for at least one hour.

Aggressive alveolar recruitment in ARDS: More shadows than lights.

Alveolar recruitment in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as the penetration of gas into previously unventilated areas or poorly ventilated areas. Alveolar recruitment during recruitment maneuvering (RM) depends on the duration of the maneuver, the recruitable lung tissue, and the balance between the recruitment of collapsed areas and over-insufflation of the ventilated areas. Alveolar recruitment is estimated using computed tomography of the lung and, at the patient bedside, through assessment of the recruited volume using pressure-volume curves and assessing lung morphology with pulmonary ultrasound and/or impedance tomography. The scientific evidence on RM in patients with ARDS remains subject to controversy. Randomized studies on ARDS have shown no benefit or have even reflected an increase in mortality. The routine use of RM is therefore not recommended.

Análisis de las maniobras de reclutamiento alveolar aplicadas en siete Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo / Analysis of the alveolar recruitment maneuvers of applications in the intensive care units seven / Análise das manobras de recrutamento alveolar aplicadas em sete unidades de cuidado intensivo

Introducción: En los últimos años las maniobras de reclutamiento alveolar (MR) han despertado un interés creciente por su potencial beneficio en la protección pulmonar y se han ido introduciendo en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: Describir y analizar los conocimientos sobre las MR y su aplicación en siete Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo de la ciudad de Cali - Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con una muestra intencional de 64 profesionales que laboran en siete Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo de Cali y aplican las MR. La encuesta auto-administrada constaba de trece preguntas y el periodo de aplicación fue de dos meses. Resultados: De los 64 encuestados el 77,8% sigue una guía o protocolo para realizar las MR; el 54,7% utiliza durante la MR un nivel de Presión Positiva al Final de la Espiración (PEEP) ideal que asegure una saturación > de 90% y PaO2 > de 60 mmHg; el 42,1% acepta presiones en la vía aérea entre 35 y 50 cmH2O; el 48,4% realiza las MR con aumento progresivo de la PEEP y bajo volumen corriente. Conclusiones: Se encontró heterogeneidad en las respuestas relacionadas con el conocimiento de las MR. No existe en la actualidad un consenso acerca de cuál es la forma más eficaz y segura de aplicar una MR. Este estudio puede ser el punto de partida para un llamado de atención a la revisión de los conocimientos, competencias y habilidades que se requieren para realizar las MR.

Introduction: For the past years, alveolar recruitment maneuvers (RM) have originated a growing interest due to their beneficial potential in pulmonary protection, and have been introduced in clinical practice. Objective: Describe and analyze the knowledge of the MR and its application in seven intensive care units in the city of Cali, Colombia. Method and materials: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study with an intentional sample of 64 professionals working in seven intensive care units and apply MR. The self-completed survey was made up of thirteen questions, and the application period was two months. Results: To perform RM, of 64 professionals survey, 77.8% of the healthcare providers that were polled follow a protocol guide, in which 54.7% answered that during RM the ideal Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the one which maintains a saturation > 90% and a PaO2 > 60 mmHg; 42.1% tolerates airway pressures between 35 and 50 cmH2O; 48.4% perform RM with a progressive increase of the PEEP and a low tidal volume. Conclusions: Regarding the knowledge related to RM, heterogeneity was found in the answers. There is currently no consensus about which is the most effective and secure way to implement an MR. This study can be the starting point to create awareness towards the revision of knowledge, capacities and abilities that are required to perform RM.

Introdução: Nos últimos anos as manobras de recrutamento alveolar (MR) têm despertado um interesse crescente por seu potencial benéfico na proteção pulmonar e têm-se ido introduzindo na prática clínica. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar os conhecimentos sobre as MR e sua aplicação em sete Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo da cidade de Cali - Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, com uma amostra intencional de 64 profissionais que trabalham em sete Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo de Cali e aplicam as MR. A enquête auto-administrada constava de treze perguntas e o período de aplicação foi de sois meses. Resultados: Dos 64 pesquisados o 77,8% segue uma guia ou protocolo para realizar as MR; o 54,7% utiliza durante a MR um nível de Pressão Expiratória Positiva Final (PEEP) ideal que segure uma saturação > de 90% e PaO2 > de 60 mmHg; o 42,1% aceita pressões na via aérea entre 35 e 50 cmH2O; o 48,4% realiza as MR com aumento progressivo da PEEP e sob o volume corrente. Conclusões: Se encontrou heterogeneidade nas respostas relacionadas com o conhecimento das MR. Não existe na atualidade um consenso acerca de qual é a forma mais eficaz e segura de aplicar uma MR. Este estudo pode ser o ponto de partida para um chamado de atenção à revisão dos conhecimentos, competências e habilidades que se requerem para realizar as MR.