Metagenomic perspectives on antibiotic resistance genes in tap water: The environmental characteristic, potential mobility and health threat.

As an emerging environmental contaminant, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in tap water have attracted great attention. Although studies have provided ARG profiles in tap water, research on their abundance levels, composition characteristics, and potential threat is still insufficient. Here, 9 household tap water samples were collected from the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China. Additionally, 75 sets of environmental sample data (9 types) were downloaded from the public database. Metagenomics was then performed to explore the differences in the abundance and composition of ARGs. 221 ARG subtypes consisting of 17 types were detected in tap water. Although the ARG abundance in tap water was not significantly different from that found in drinking water plants and reservoirs, their composition varied. In tap water samples, the three most abundant classes of resistance genes were multidrug, fosfomycin and MLS (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin) ARGs, and their corresponding subtypes ompR, fosX and macB were also the most abundant ARG subtypes. Regarding the potential mobility, vanS had the highest abundance on plasmids and viruses, but the absence of key genes rendered resistance to vancomycin ineffective. Generally, the majority of ARGs present in tap water were those that have not been assessed and are currently not listed as high-threat level ARG families based on the World Health Organization Guideline. Although the current potential threat to human health posed by ARGs in tap water is limited, with persistent transfer and accumulation, especially in pathogens, the potential danger to human health posed by ARGs should not be ignored.

Prevalência de Influenza A, vírus sincicial respiratório eSARS-CoV-2 em pacientes com síndrome respiratóriaaguda grave em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul / Prevalence of Influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus andSARS-CoV-2 in patients with severe acute respiratorysyndrome in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul

A síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) é caracterizada por sintomas de febre alta, tosse e dispneia, e, na maioria dos casos, relacionada a uma quantidade reduzida de agentes infecciosos. O objetivo foi avaliar a prevalência dos vírus respiratórios Influenza A (FluA), vírus sincicial respiratório (RSV) e do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) em pacientes com internação hospitalar por SRAG. Estudo transversal, com pacientes em internação hospitalar com SRAG entre novembro de 2021 e maio de 2022. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e amostras da nasofaringe foram coletados/as, as quais foram submetidas à extração de RNA e testadas quanto à positividade para Influenza A, RSV e SARS-CoV-2 por meio da técnica de PCR em tempo real pelo método SYBR Green. Foram incluídos 42 pacientes, sendo 59,5% do sexo feminino, 57,1% idosos, 54,8% com ensino fundamental. A maior parte dos pacientes reportou hábito tabagista prévio ou atual (54,8%), não etilista (73,8%) e 83,3% deles apresentavam alguma comorbidade, sendo hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 as mais prevalentes. Um total de 10,5% dos pacientes testou positivo para FluA, nenhuma amostra positiva para RSV e 76,3% positivos para SARS-CoV-2. Na população estudada, SRAG com agravo hospitalar foi observado em maior proporção, em mulheres, idosos e pessoas com comorbidades, embora sem significância estatística, sendo o novo coronavírus o agente etiológico mais relacionado, o que evidencia a patogenicidade desse agente e suas consequências ainda são evidentes após quase 2 anos de período pandêmico.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by symptoms of high fever, cough and dyspnea, and is in most cases related to a reduced amount of infectious agents. The objective was to assess the prevalence of respiratory viruses Influenza A (FluA), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in patients hospitalized for SARS. Cross-sectional study, with patients hospitalized with SARS between November 2021 and May 2022. Sociodemographic and clinical data and nasopharyngeal samples were collected, which were subjected to RNA extraction and tested for positivity for Influenza A, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 using the real-time PCR technique using the SYBR Green method. 42 patients were included, 59.5% female, 57.1% elderly, 54.8% with primary education. Most patients reported previous or current smoking habits (54.8%), non-drinkers (73.8) and 83.3% of them had some comorbidity, with systemic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus being the most prevalent. A total of 10.5% of patients tested positive for FluA, no samples positive for RSV, and 76.3% positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the studied population, SARS with hospital injury was observed more frequently in women and the elderly, with associated comorbidities, with the new coronavirus being the most related etiological agent, which shows, although not statistically significant, that the pathogenicity of this agent and its consequences are still evident after almost 2 years of period pandemic.

Vaccine-based therapeutic interventions in lung cancer management: A recent perspective.

The incidence of lung cancer continues to grow globally, contributing to an ever-increasing load on healthcare systems. Emerging evidence has indicated lowered efficacy of conventional treatment strategies, such as chemotherapy, surgical interventions and radiotherapy, prompting the need for exploring alternative interventions. A growing focus on immunotherapy and the development of personalized medicine has paved the way for vaccine-based delivery in lung cancer. With various prominent targets such as CD8+T cells and PD-L1, immune-targeted, anti-cancer vaccines have been evaluated in both, pre-clinical and clinical settings, to improve therapeutic outcomes. However, there are a number of challenges that must be addressed, including the scalability of such delivery systems, heterogeneity of lung cancers, and long-term safety as well as efficacy. In addition to this, natural compounds, in combination with immunotherapy, have gained considerable research interest in recent times. This makes it necessary to explore their role in synergism with immune-targeted agents. The authors of this review aim to offer an overview of recent advances in our understanding of lung cancer pathogenesis, detection and management strategies, and the emergence of immunotherapy with a special focus on vaccine delivery. This finding is supported with evidence from testing in non-human and human models, showcasing promising results. Prospects for phytotherapy have also been discussed, in order to combat some pitfalls and limitations. Finally, the future perspectives of vaccine usage in lung cancer management have also been discussed, to offer a holistic perspective to readers, and to prompt further research in the domain.

Development of immunochromatographic and homogeneous assay based on quantum dot-functionalized polystyrene nanoprobes for the qualitative and quantitative screening of respiratory viruses.

Accurately differentiating respiratory diseases caused by viruses is challenging because of the similarity in their early or clinical symptoms. Moreover, different infection sources require different treatments. However, the current diagnostic methods have limited differentiating efficiency and sensitivity. We developed a dual-system immunosensor with a bilayer fluorescent label as a signal amplifier for the on-site, sensitive, and accurate identification of multiple respiratory viruses (RVs). The nanomaterial, comprising a polystyrene (PS) nanosphere core encapsulated by two layers of CdSe@ZnS-COOH quantum dots (QDs), outperforms the conventional color and fluorescent labels in RV detection. The dual-system detection platform, comprising a PS@DQD-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) and a PS@DQD-based homogeneous sensor, enables qualitative and quantitative screening of multiple respiratory viruses within 10 and 30 min, respectively, depending on the specific detection requirements for different application scenarios. This remarkable method provides 51.2 to 1000 times sensitivity improvement over commercial antigen detection kits and greater than 12.5 to 100 times improvement over QD-based immunosensors. Furthermore, we comprehensively evaluated the specificity, reproducibility, and stability of the integrated dual-system detection platform, demonstrating its reliability. Remarkably, the respiratory viral testing was validated using biological samples, thus illustrating its promise and convenience in the detection of respiratory viruses.

Detection of community-acquired respiratory viruses during COVID-19 pandemic in subtropical region in Japan.

PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed the dynamics of other community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs), however, information regarding the frequency of CARV detection during COVID-19 pandemic in subtropical regions is limited. Additionally, studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy between multiplex and monoplex PCR for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are scarce. METHODS: We evaluated samples collected from patients suspected of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Okinawa, a subtropical climate in Japan, from March 2020 to March 2021. For SARS-CoV-2, results obtained from monoplex (NIID method) and multiplex (Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2 Assay) PCR were compared. RESULTS: In total, 744 samples were collected and 238 viruses were detected in 205 specimens, of which 22 showed viral co-infection. Viral co-infection was more common in patients aged 10 and under than in older patients (p = 0.0054). For CARV, 142 viruses were detected in 127 specimens (17.1%), and human rhinovirus (HRV) was most common. Overall concordance rate for two SARS-CoV-2 assays was 94.1%; 7 and 37 specimens were detected only by NIID and Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2 Assay, respectively. The median cycling threshold values of the 44 samples that were only positive for either the NIID or Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2 Assay were 37.91 for E gene, 38.13 for RdRp/S gene, 38.21 for N gene and 39.16 for N2 gene. CONCLUSION: HRV was continuously detected during COVID-19 pandemic in the subtropical region and viral co-infection was more common in younger patients. For the diagnosis of COVID-19, multiplex PCR was more reliable, especially in samples with low viral load.

Human enteric viruses' detection in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farmed in the central Adriatic Sea.

Human enteric viruses, such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and norovirus genogroups I and II (NoVGI and NoVGII), cause infections, and it has been largely demonstrated that mussels play an important role if consumed as raw or undercooked food matrices. This study aimed to investigate, through qualitative and quantitative biomolecular assays, the detection of partial genomic regions belonging to the most relevant enteropathogenic viruses for humans (HAV, HEV, NoVGI and NoVGII) in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farmed along the coasts of two Italian regions on the central Adriatic Sea: Abruzzo (Casalbordino, Chieti) and Molise (Termoli, Campobasso). A total of 425 animals were sampled, and the respective georeferentiations were registered. A total of 85 pools, each composed of five sub-jects/aliquots, were formed (22 from Abruzzo and 63 from Molise regions). This step was followed by homogenization and RNA extraction, and then the biomolecular assays [nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR] were performed. 1.17% of the pool was positive for HAV RNA detection (102 copies/mL), 9.41% for HEV (102-103 copies/µL), 2.35% for NoVGI (101 copies/µL), and no pool was positive for NoVGII. This study demonstrated the human enteric viruses' presence in mussels farmed in a low-investigated marine area. Based on a one-health point of view, this paper aims to enforce the importance of biomolecular and epidemiological screenings as surveillance systems to guarantee human, animal, and environmental health.

Solenopsis richteri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) alates infected with deformed wing virus display wing deformity with altered mobility.

Deformed wing virus (DWV) has long been identified as a critical pathogen affecting honeybees, contributing to colony losses through wing deformities, neurological impairments, and reduced lifespan. Since DWV also affects other pollinators, it poses a significant threat to global pollination networks. While honeybees have been the focal point of DWV studies, emerging research indicates that this RNA virus is not host-specific but rather a generalist pathogen capable of infecting a wide range of insect species, including other bee species such as bumblebees and solitary bees, as well as wasps and ants. This expands the potential impact of DWV beyond honeybees to broader ecological communities. The black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri, is an economically important invasive ant species. In this study, we describe deformed wing (DW) symptoms in S. richteri. DW alates were found in three of nine (33%) laboratory colonies. The symptoms ranged from severely twisted wings to a single crumpled wing tip. Additionally, numerous symptomatic alates also displayed altered mobility, ranging from an ataxic gait to an inability to walk. Viral replication of DWV was confirmed using a modified strand-specific RT-PCR. Our results suggest that S. richteri can be an alternative host for DWV, expanding our understanding of DWV as a generalist pathogen in insects. However, additional research is required to determine whether DWV is the etiological agent responsible for DW syndrome in S. richteri.

Promotion of order Bunyavirales to class Bunyaviricetes to accommodate a rapidly increasing number of related polyploviricotine viruses.

Prior to 2017, the family Bunyaviridae included five genera of arthropod and rodent viruses with tri-segmented negative-sense RNA genomes related to the Bunyamwera virus. In 2017, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) promoted the family to order Bunyavirales and subsequently greatly expanded its composition by adding multiple families for non-segmented to polysegmented viruses of animals, fungi, plants, and protists. The continued and accelerated discovery of bunyavirals highlighted that an order would not suffice to depict the evolutionary relationships of these viruses. Thus, in April 2024, the order was promoted to class Bunyaviricetes. This class currently includes two major orders, Elliovirales (Cruliviridae, Fimoviridae, Hantaviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phasmaviridae, Tospoviridae, and Tulasviridae) and Hareavirales (Arenaviridae, Discoviridae, Konkoviridae, Leishbuviridae, Mypoviridae, Nairoviridae, Phenuiviridae, and Wupedeviridae), for hundreds of viruses, many of which are pathogenic for humans and other animals, plants, and fungi.

Scientists' call to action: Microbes, planetary health, and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and protists, are essential to life on Earth and the functioning of the biosphere. Here, we discuss the key roles of microorganisms in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting recent and emerging advances in microbial research and technology that can facilitate our transition toward a sustainable future. Given the central role of microorganisms in the biochemical processing of elements, synthesizing new materials, supporting human health, and facilitating life in managed and natural landscapes, microbial research and technologies are directly or indirectly relevant for achieving each of the SDGs. More importantly, the ubiquitous and global role of microbes means that they present new opportunities for synergistically accelerating progress toward multiple sustainability goals. By effectively managing microbial health, we can achieve solutions that address multiple sustainability targets ranging from climate and human health to food and energy production. Emerging international policy frameworks should reflect the vital importance of microorganisms in achieving a sustainable future.

Clinical performance and application of novel serum collection "Ser-Col" device in the practice of laboratory diagnosis of infection diseases and several other immunochemical tests.

BACKGROUND: Dried blood collection devices might be beneficial for diagnosing infectious diseases in areas far from the medical facilities and in lockdown situations. There are several reports on the efficacy of such applications for qualitative tests. Here we demonstrated the feasibility of a novel Ser-Col blood collection device as a standardized approach for qualitative and quantitative detection of infectious markers and several over immunochemical tests. METHODS: In the current study, we included 395 adult participants, 191 men and 204 women, with a median age of 41 years, as well as 75 children with a median age of 3 years. Serological status was determined by testing serum samples for three groups of infection diseases: hepatitis A and C, SARS-CoV-2, and herpes family viruses, as well as for thyroid peroxidase (TPO), prolactin, vitamin B12, and folate. Blood collected on the Ser-Col device (Labonovum) was eluted using an automated system (SCAUT Ser-Col automation, Blok System Supply) and manually. Ser-Col results were compared with serum sampled via standard venipuncture considered as the reference. RESULTS: High correlation coefficients (r = 0.95-0.99) were observed between serum samples collected with Ser-Col and via standard venipuncture for the following tests: anti-HCV, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, anti-HSV-2 IgG, and anti-CMV IgM. Correlation coefficients between Ser-Col and standard venipuncture serum for anti-HSV-1 IgG, anti-CMV IgG, and anti-EBV tests were relatively low (r = 0.73-0.77). Correlation coefficients for anti-TPO, prolactin, vitamin B12, and folate were also characterized with high values (r = 0.97-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: High accuracy and quantitative correlation were demonstrated between Ser-Col and samples collected by standard venipuncture. Hence, the Ser-Col blood collection device should be considered as a promising alternative for blood collection, storage, and transportation in both adult and pediatric populations.

Inhibition of influenza virus infection in mice by pulmonary administration of a spray dried antiviral.

Increasing resistance to antiviral drugs approved for the treatment of influenza urges the development of novel compounds. Ideally, this should be complemented by a careful consideration of the administration route. 6'siallyllactosamine-functionalized ß-cyclodextrin (CD-6'SLN) is a novel entry inhibitor that acts as a mimic of the primary attachment receptor of influenza, sialic acid. In this study, we aimed to develop a dry powder formulation of CD-6'SLN to assess its in vivo antiviral activity after administration via the pulmonary route. By means of spray drying the compound together with trileucine, a dispersion enhancer, we created a powder that retained the antiviral effect of the drug, remained stable under elevated temperature conditions and performed well in a dry powder inhaler. To test the efficacy of the dry powder drug against influenza infection in vivo, infected mice were treated with CD-6'SLN using an aerosol generator that allowed for the controlled administration of powder formulations to the lungs of mice. CD-6'SLN was effective in mitigating the course of the disease compared to the control groups, reflected by lower disease activity scores and by the prevention of virus-induced IL-6 production. Our data show that CD-6'SLN can be formulated as a stable dry powder that is suitable for use in a dry powder inhaler and is effective when administered via the pulmonary route to influenza-infected mice.

Role of Neurotropic Viruses in Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

Neurotropic viruses have been implicated in altering the central nervous system microenvironment and promoting brain metastasis of breast cancer through complex interactions involving viral entry mechanisms, modulation of the blood-brain barrier, immune evasion, and alteration of the tumour microenvironment. This narrative review explores the molecular mechanisms by which neurotropic viruses such as Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, and Rabies Virus facilitate brain metastasis, focusing on their ability to disrupt blood-brain barrier integrity, modulate immune responses, and create a permissive environment for metastatic cell survival and growth within the central nervous system. Current therapeutic implications and challenges in targeting neurotropic viruses to prevent or treat brain metastasis are discussed, highlighting the need for innovative strategies and multidisciplinary approaches in virology, oncology, and immunology.

Orally Bioavailable RORγ/DHODH Dual Host-Targeting Small Molecules with Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity.

Host-directed antivirals (HDAs) represent an attractive treatment option and a strategy for pandemic preparedness, especially due to their potential broad-spectrum antiviral activity and high barrier to resistance development. Particularly, dual-targeting HDAs offer a promising approach for antiviral therapy by simultaneously disrupting multiple pathways essential for viral replication. Izumerogant (IMU-935) targets two host proteins, (i) the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ isoform 1 (RORγ1), which modulates cellular cholesterol metabolism, and (ii) the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which is involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Here, we synthesized optimized derivatives of izumerogant and characterized their antiviral activity in comparison to a recently described structurally distinct RORγ/DHODH dual inhibitor. Cell culture-based infection models for enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses, as well as a retrovirus, demonstrated high potency and broad-spectrum activity against human viral pathogens for RORγ/DHODH dual inhibitors at nanomolar concentrations. Comparative analyses with equipotent single-target inhibitors in metabolite supplementation approaches revealed that the dual-targeting mode represents the mechanistic basis for the potent antiviral activity. For SARS-CoV-2, an optimized dual inhibitor completely blocked viral replication in human airway epithelial cells at 5 nM and displayed a synergistic drug interaction with the nucleoside analog molnupiravir. In a SARS-CoV-2 mouse model, treatment with a dual inhibitor alone, or in combination with molnupiravir, reduced the viral load by 7- and 58-fold, respectively. Considering the clinical safety, oral bioavailability, and tolerability of izumerogant in a recent Phase I study, izumerogant-like drugs represent potent dual-targeting antiviral HDAs with pronounced broad-spectrum activity for further clinical development.

Sialic acid and PirB are not required for targeting of neural circuits by neurotropic mammalian orthoreovirus.

Serotype 3 (T3) strains of mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) spread to the central nervous system to infect the brain and cause lethal encephalitis in newborn mice. Although reovirus targets several regions in the brain, susceptibility to infection is not uniformly distributed. The neuronal subtypes and anatomic sites targeted throughout the brain are not precisely known. Reovirus binds several attachment factors and entry receptors, including sialic acid (SA)-containing glycans and paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB). While these receptors are not required for infection of some types of neurons, reovirus engagement of these receptors can influence neuronal infection in certain contexts. To identify patterns of T3 neurotropism, we used microbial identification after passive tissue clearance and hybridization chain reaction to stain reovirus-infected cells throughout intact, optically transparent brains of newborn mice. Three-dimensional reconstructions revealed in detail the sites targeted by reovirus throughout the brain volume, including dense infection of the midbrain and hindbrain. Using reovirus mutants incapable of binding SA and mice lacking PirB expression, we found that neither SA nor PirB is required for the infection of various brain regions. However, SA may confer minor differences in infection that vary by region. Collectively, these studies indicate that many regions in the brain of newborn mice are susceptible to reovirus and that patterns of reovirus infection are not dependent on reovirus receptors SA and PirB.IMPORTANCENeurotropic viruses invade the central nervous system (CNS) and target various cell types to cause disease manifestations, such as meningitis, myelitis, or encephalitis. Infections of the CNS are often difficult to treat and can lead to lasting sequelae or death. Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) causes age-dependent lethal encephalitis in many young mammals. Reovirus infects neurons in several different regions of the brain. However, the complete pattern of CNS infection is not understood. We found that reovirus targets almost all regions of the brain and that patterns of tropism are not dependent on receptors sialic acid and paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. These studies confirm that two known reovirus receptors do not completely explain the cell types infected in brain tissue and establish strategies that can be used to understand complete patterns of viral tropism in an intact brain.

Evidence of Lineage 1 and 3 West Nile Virus in Person with Neuroinvasive Disease, Nebraska, USA, 2023.

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common cause of human arboviral disease in the contiguous United States, where only lineage 1 (L1) WNV had been found. In 2023, an immunocompetent patient was hospitalized in Nebraska with West Nile neuroinvasive disease and multisystem organ failure. Testing at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated an unusually high viral load and acute antibody response. Upon sequencing of serum and cerebrospinal fluid, we detected lineage 3 (L3) and L1 WNV genomes. L3 WNV had previously only been found in Central Europe in mosquitoes. The identification of L3 WNV in the United States and the observed clinical and laboratory features raise questions about the potential effect of L3 WNV on the transmission dynamics and pathogenicity of WNV infections. Determining the distribution and prevalence of L3 WNV in the United States and any public health and clinical implications is critical.

Economic Analysis of National Program for Hepatitis C Elimination, Israel, 20231.

In 2021, the Israel Ministry of Health began a national hepatitis C elimination program. Implementing a World Health Organization goal, Israel's program involved targeted screening, barrier minimization, workup simplification, awareness campaigns, and a patient registry. We evaluated program costs for testing and treatment. By May 15, 2023, the program had identified 865,382 at-risk persons, of whom 555,083 (64.3%) were serologically screened for hepatitis C virus (HCV), which was detected in 24,361 (4.4%). Among 20,928 serologically positive patients, viremia was detected in 13,379 (63.9%), of whom 10,711 (80%) were treated, and 4,618 (96.5%) of 4,786 persons receiving posttreatment HCV RNA testing had sustained virologic response. We estimated costs of ₪14,426 (new Israel shekel; ≈$3,606 USD) per person whose HCV infection was diagnosed and successfully treated. The program yielded screening and treatment in almost two thirds of the identified at-risk population. Although not eliminated, HCV prevalence will likely decrease substantially by the 2030 target.

SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses in Rats, Berlin, Germany, 2023.

We tested 130 rats captured in Berlin for coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 1 rat, but all animals were negative by reverse transcription PCR, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 was not circulating in the rat population. However, alphacoronaviruses were found. Monitoring rodent populations helps to determine coronavirus occurrence, transmission, and zoonotic potential.

Fort Sherman Virus Infection in Human, Peru, 2020.

Fort Sherman virus (FSV) was isolated in Panama in 1985 from a US soldier. We report a case of human FSV infection in a febrile patient from northern coastal Peru in 2020. FSV infections spanning ≈35 years and a distance of 2,000 km warrant diagnostics, genomic surveillance, and investigation of transmission cycles.

Infectious Disease Physicians' Knowledge and Practices Regarding Wastewater Surveillance, United States, 2024.

A survey of US infectious disease physicians indicated that few regularly reviewed wastewater surveillance (WWS) data but many reported examples of how WWS has affected or could affect their clinical practice. WWS data can be useful for physicians, but increased communication between public health professionals and physicians regarding WWS could improve its utility.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevalence and Risk Factors among Healthy Term Infants, United States.

In a population-based birth cohort study of respiratory syncytial virus surveillance in the United States, 897/1,680 (53.4%) children were infected during infancy; 25 (2.8%) of those were hospitalized. Among symptomatic infants, 143/324 (44.1%) had lower respiratory tract infections. These data provide benchmarks to monitor effects of maternal vaccines and extended half-life monoclonal antibodies.