Prevalence and Correlations Between ADHD and Burnout Dimensions in Brazilian University Students / Prevalência e Correlações entre TDAH e Dimensões de Burnout em Universitários Brasileiros / Prevalencia y Correlaciones entre las Dimensiones TDAH y Burnout en Universitarios Brasileños

Abstract This study aimed to verify the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Burnout Syndrome and the potential correlations between the dimensions of both conditions among Brazilian college students. A total of 751 students participated; 71.9% were women, aged 23 on average (SD = 3.46). The instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18), and the Maslach Burnout Scale for Students (MBI-SS). Regarding the sex variable, men scored lower for emotional exhaustion and higher for professional achievement. The inattention facet of ADHD was positively correlated with the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimension and negatively correlated with professional achievement, suggesting a connection between the disorder and the syndrome. This study is expected to contribute to the development of preventive programs and intervention protocols especially designed to promote the mental health of students attending public and private educational institutions and experiencing academic burnout.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a prevalência do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e síndrome de Burnout e as possíveis correlações entre suas dimensões em universitários brasileiros. Participaram 751 estudantes, 71,9% do sexo feminino e idade média 23 anos (DP = 3,46). Os instrumentos foram um Questionário sociodemográfico, a Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18) e a Escala de Burnout de Maslach para Estudantes (MBI-SS). Quanto a variável sexo, o masculino apresentou menores pontuações para exaustão emocional e maiores para eficácia profissional. A faceta desatenção do TDAH apresentou correlações positivas com as dimensões exaustão emocional e descrença e correlações negativas com eficácia profissional, configurando entrelaçamentos do transtorno com a síndrome. O estudo pode contribuir para a elaboração de programas de prevenção e protocolos de intervenção especialmente para o burnout acadêmico em instituições de ensino públicas e privadas que favoreçam a saúde mental dos estudantes.

Resumen El objetivo deste estudio fue verificar la prevalencia del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) y del Síndrome de Burnout y las posibles correlaciones entre sus dimensiones en estudiantes universitarios brasileños. Participaron 751 estudiantes, 71,9% eran mujeres y la edad media 23 años (DE = 3,46). Los instrumentos fueron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Autoinforme de Adult (ASRS-18) y la Escala de Burnout para Estudiantes de Maslach (MBI-SS). En cuanto a la variable género, los varones obtuvieron puntuaciones más bajas en agotamiento emocional y más altas en eficacia profesional. La faceta inatención del TDAH mostró correlaciones positivas con las dimensiones agotamiento emocional e incredulidad y negativas con eficacia profesional, configurando entrelazamiento del trastorno con el síndrome. El estudio puede contribuir al desarrollo de programas de prevención y protocolos de intervención, especialmente para burnout académico en instituciones educativas públicas y privadas, que promuevan salud mental de los estudiantes.

Evidencias de validez de una escala para evaluar el ajuste a la vida universitaria / Evidence of Validity of a Scale to Assess College Adjustment / Evidências de validade de uma escala para avaliar a adaptação à vida universitária

El propósito de la investigación fue desarrollar una escala para medir el proceso de ajuste a la vida universitaria. Este constructo multifactorial se basa en un modelo teórico de tres dimensiones: académica, social e institucional. La muestra principal estuvo conformada por 673 estudiantes: 42.1 % mujeres, 57.7 % hombres y 0.3 % otro, con un promedio de 18.29 años. En el primer análisis se encontraron evidencias asociadas al contenido de las dimensiones de la escala denominada AjusteU. En el análisis de validez convergente se halló una correlación de 0.582 a un nivel de significancia del 0.01 (bilateral) con el instrumento CAVU, otra medida del ajuste a la vida universitaria. En el tercer análisis se validó el planteamiento teórico con los datos empíricos mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Finalmente, en el análisis predictivo se comprobó que la puntuación de la escala AjusteU se asoció significativamente con el rendimiento del primer período universitario. Se concluye que estas evidencias empíricas permiten un uso adecuado de los resultados, especialmente en la toma de decisiones oportunas para favorecer el proceso de transición de secundaria a la educación superior. La principal limitación fue la aplicación de la escala en modalidad remota en el contexto de pandemia, por lo que las experiencias del estudiantado podrían ser diferentes en un entorno presencial

The purpose of the research was to develop a scale to measure college adjustment. The theorical model was based on three dimensions: academical, social and institutional. The principal sample was conformed for 673 students: 42.1 % women, 57.7 % men and 0.3 % other, with an average of 18.29 years old. In the first analysis were found evidence associated to the content of the dimensions of the scale denominated AjusteU. In the validity convergent analysis was found a correlation of 0.582 to a significance level of 0.01 (bilateral) with the instrument CAVU, other measure that is related to the adjustment process. In the third analysis, the theoretical approach was validated with empirical data using a structural equation model. Finally, in the predictive analysis was proved that the scoring of the scale AjusteU was associated significantly with the performance of the first period of college. The conclusion is that this empirical evidence allows an appropriate use of their results, specifically in the opportune decision making to favor the transition process from high school to higher education. The main limitation was the application of the scale in the remote modality in the pandemic context, therefore the experiences of the students might be different in an on-site experience.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi desenvolver uma escala para medir o processo de adaptação à vida universitária. Este construto multifatorial é baseado em um modelo teórico de três dimensões: acadêmica, social e institucional. A amostra principal foi composta por 673 estudantes, sendo: 42.1 % mulheres, 57.7 % homens e 0.3 % outros, com idade média de 18.29 anos. Na primeira análise, foram encontradas evidências associadas ao conteúdo das dimensões da escala denominada AjusteU. Na análise de validade convergente, uma correlação de 0.582 foi encontrada em um nível de significância de 0.01 (bilateral) com o instrumento CAVU, outra medida de adaptação à vida universitária. Na terceira análise, a abordagem teórica foi validada com dados empíricos usando um modelo de equações estruturais. Por fim, na análise preditiva verificouse que a pontuação da escala AjusteU esteve significativamente associada ao desempenho do primeiro período universitário. Concluise que estas evidências empíricas permitem uma utilização adequada dos resultados, sobretudo na tomada de decisões oportunas que favoreçam o processo de transição do ensino médio para o superior. A principal limitação do estudo foi a aplicação da escala de forma remota no contexto de pandemia, de modo que as experiências do corpo discente poderiam ser diferentes em um ambiente presencial.

Don't Be Too Political: Depoliticization, Sexual Orientation, and Undergraduate STEM Major Persistence.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) students persist in STEM majors at a lower rate than their heterosexual peers. This study posits that heteronormativity, as an instance of depoliticization in STEM affecting LGBQ students, could be a primary contributing factor. Using national, longitudinal data from the Higher Education Research Institute (HERI) at UCLA, this study tested LGBQ-related college experiences to determine if they help explain the retention gap between LGBQ STEM students and their heterosexual peers. Through multilevel regression modeling, we found that LGBQ status is not a significant predictor of retention in STEM after controlling for LGBQ-related experiences. The results suggest that LGBQ-related and other politicized experiences predict lower retention in STEM for heterosexual students, meaning a culture of depoliticization in STEM may be detrimental to more students than those in minoritized social identity groups.

Academic Adaptation to Remote Higher Education Questionnaire: Adaptation and Psychometric Study with Universities / Questionário de Adaptação ao Ensino Superior Remoto: Adaptação e Estudo Psicométrico com Universitários / Cuestionario de Adaptación a la Educación Superior Remota: Adaptación y Estudio Psicométrico en Universitarios

Abstract Due to the need to understand the academic adaptation in the temporary transition from the in-person to the virtual modality, the general objective of this research is to adapt the Academic Adaptation to Higher Education Questionnaire for remote teaching. The specific objectives are to investigate their evidence of content validity and internal structure-based validity and reliability estimates. The questionnaire was adapted for remote teaching in the first stage of the research. The questionnaire was, then, evaluated by three judges and 12 students, whose results evidenced the content validity. Subsequently, 319 students answered the questionnaire. With confirmatory factor analysis, a plausible model was identified, containing five factors (Institutional, Social, Study, Personal-Emotional, and Career Planning), indicating validity based on the internal structure. Additionally, the questionnaire showed adequate accuracy indices (ω >.85). The practical implications are traced, and we also suggest for the questionnaire to be adjusted for the hybrid teaching modality.

Resumo O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi adaptar o Questionário de Adaptação ao Ensino Superior para a modalidade de ensino remoto. Os objetivos específicos foram investigar as suas evidências de validade de conteúdo e baseada na estrutura interna, e as estimativas de fidedignidade. O estudo constituiu-se de três etapas. Na primeira etapa adaptou-se o questionário para o ensino remoto. Na etapa subsequente, o questionário foi avaliado por três juízes e 12 estudantes, cujos resultados evidenciaram a validade de conteúdo. Na última etapa 319 estudantes responderam ao questionário. Identificou-se mediante análise fatorial confirmatória um modelo plausível contendo cinco fatores (Institucional, Social, Estudo, Pessoal-Emocional, Planejamento de Carreira), indicativo de evidência de validade baseada na estrutura interna. Adicionalmente, o questionário apresentou índices adequados de precisão (ω>0,85). As implicações práticas são trazidas e sugere-se a adequação do questionário para a modalidade de ensino híbrido.

Resumen Debido a la necesidad de comprender la adaptación académica en el tránsito temporal de la modalidad presencial a la virtual, el objetivo general de esta investigación fue adaptar el Cuestionario de Adaptación a la Educación Superior Remota. Los objetivos específicos fueron investigar su validez de contenido, basada en la estructura interna y la confiabilidad. En la primera etapa, se adaptó el cuestionario. En la segunda, el cuestionario fue evaluado por tres jueces y 12 estudiantes, cuyos resultados evidenciaron la validez de contenido. En la última etapa, 319 estudiantes respondieron el cuestionario. A partir del análisis factorial confirmatorio se identificó un modelo plausible de cinco factores (Institucional, Social, Estudio, Personal-Emocional, Planificación de Carrera), indicando la validez basada en la estructura interna. El cuestionario mostró índices de precisión adecuados (ω>.85). Se exponen las implicaciones prácticas, y se sugiere la adecuación del cuestionario para la modalidad de enseñanza híbrida.

Cheers to Equality! Both Hostile and Benevolent Sexism Predict Increases in College Women's Alcohol Consumption.

Based on research suggesting that alcohol consumption can be used as a means of coping with negative affect (Cooper, Frone, Russell, & Mudar, 1995), the current study examines sexism as a factor in college women's alcohol consumption. Despite being more prevalent than hostile sexism, benevolent sexism is often viewed as less sexist (Oswald, Baalbaki, & Kirkman, 2018) and having a less aversive impact on women (Bosson, Pinel, & Vandello, 2010). To increase understanding of the negative effects of both hostile and benevolent sexism, the current study experimentally manipulated sexism during a lab session and measured 176 U.S. college women's actual alcohol consumption that evening. As predicted, college women who experienced either the hostile or the benevolent sexism condition reported consuming a greater number of alcoholic drinks, and those in the hostile sexism condition were more likely to meet the binge drinking threshold than participants in the control condition. This pattern suggests the importance of examining the unique effects of benevolent sexism in addition to hostile sexism because both may influence women's behavior even in important health domains. Given the many negative consequences associated with alcohol consumption, our results provide evidence for education on healthy coping mechanisms and interventions to reduce both hostile and benevolent sexism.

Intervenções psicológicas com universitários em serviços de apoio ao estudante / Psychological interventions with university students in student support services / Intervenciones psicológicas con universitarios en servicios de apoyo al estudiante

O ingresso no ensino superior apresenta desafios, sendo importante oferecer programas que promovam a saúde mental do universitário e o preparem para a realidade profissional e para os desafios da carreira. Neste artigo são descritas propostas de intervenções psicológicas com universitários (objetivos e metodologias) desenvolvidas nos anos de 2015 a 2017, por 86 graduandos em Psicologia, e que beneficiaram 705 universitários: 1. acolhimento e triagem psicológica; 2. oficinas: de preparação para a vida acadêmica, de habilidades sociais, de controle da ansiedade e enfrentamento do estresse, de orientação aos estudos, e de temática específica; 3. psicoterapia individual; e 4. educação para a carreira. Discute-se a contribuição dessas intervenções para a proposição de outros serviços que atendam às demandas da população universitária.

Admission to higher education presents challenges, and it is important to offer programs that promote the mental health of the university and prepare it for professional reality and for career challenges. In this article, psychological interventions with university students (objectives and methodologies) developed in the years 2015 to 2017 by 86 undergraduates in Psychology are described, benefiting 705 graduate students: 1. reception and psychological screening; 2. workshops: preparation for academic life, social skills, anxiety control and coping with stress, orientation to studies, and specific topics; 3. individual psychotherapy; and 4. career education. We discuss the contribution of these interventions to the proposal of other services that meet the demands of the university population.

El ingreso en la enseñanza superior presenta desafíos, siendo importante ofrecer programas que promuevan la salud mental del universitario y lo preparen para la realidad profesional y de la carrera. En este artículo se describen propuestas de intervenciones psicológicas con estudiantes universitarios (objetivos y metodologías) desarrolladas entre 2015 y 2017, por 86 graduandos en Psicología, y que beneficiaron a 705 estudiantes universitarios: 1. acogida y clasificación psicológica; 2. talleres: preparación para la vida académica, habilidades sociales, control de la ansiedad y enfrentamiento del estrés, orientación a los estudios, y de temática específica; 3. psicoterapia individual; y 4.educación para la carrera. Se discute la contribución de esas intervenciones para la proposición de otros servicios que atiendan a las demandas de la población universitaria.

Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling of Students' Dietary Intentions/Behaviors, BMI, and the Healthfulness of Convenience Stores.

BACKGROUND: When dietary behaviors are habitual, intentions are low, and environmental cues, such as the consumer food environment, might guide behavior. How might intentions to eat healthily and ultimately actual dietary behaviors, be influenced by the consumer food environment (including the availability and affordability of healthy foods) in convenience stores? This study will determine pathways between the healthfulness of convenience stores and college students' dietary intentions/behaviors, and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: Through multilevel structural equation modeling, a comparison was made of students' healthful meal intentions (HMI); intake (fruits/vegetables, %kcal/fat, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and whole-grains); and measured BMI; as well as the healthfulness of convenience stores (fruits/vegetables availability/quality, healthy food availability/affordability). Data was collected on 1401 students and 41 convenience stores across 13 US college campuses. RESULTS: Controlling for gender, HMI was negatively associated with SSBs (ß = -0.859) and %kcal/fat (ß = -1.057) and positively with whole-grains (ß = 0.186) and fruits/vegetables intake (ß = 0.267); %Kcal/fat was positively (ß = 0.098) and fruits/vegetables intake (ß = -0.055) negatively associated with BMI. Campus level, fruits/vegetables availability were positively associated to HMI (ß = 0.214, ß = 0.129) and directly/negatively to BMI (ß = -2.657, ß = -1.124). CONCLUSIONS: HMI modifies dietary behaviors, with energy from fat and fruit/vegetable intake the most predictive of weight. Availability of fruit/vegetables in convenience stores make it easier for young adults to eat well.

The experiences of lesbian and bisexual women in college residence halls.

SUMMARY In-depth interviews were conducted with ten lesbian and bisexual women university students to learn about their experiences living in college residence halls. Many of the women reported experiencing a hostile environment as a result of direct and indirect harassment and lack of support from roommates, resident assistants, and other residents. Participants also reported supportive factors that helped to make the environment more comfortable. In particular, these students appreciated residence life staff who actively confronted homophobic acts and showed their support by providing information on lesbian, gay, and bisexual topics. Interviewees provided suggestions for improving the climate in residence halls and for training residence hall staff to work more effectively with lesbian, gay, and bisexual students. Implications are offered for addressing homophobia and heterosexism in women's residence halls.