EEG correlates of static and dynamic face perception: the role of naturalistic motion.

Much of our understanding of how the brain processes dynamic faces comes from research that compares static photographs to dynamic morphs, which exhibit simplified, computer-generated motion. By comparing static, video recorded, and dynamic morphed expressions, we aim to identify the neural correlates of naturalistic facial dynamism, using time-domain and time-frequency analysis. Dynamic morphs were made from the neutral and peak frames of video recorded transitions of happy and fearful expressions, which retained expression change and removed asynchronous and non-linear features of naturalistic facial motion. We found that dynamic morphs elicited increased N400 amplitudes and lower LPP amplitudes compared to other stimulus types. Video recordings elicited higher LPP amplitudes and greater frontal delta activity compared to other stimuli. Thematic analysis of participant interviews using a large language model revealed that participants found it difficult to assess the genuineness of morphed expressions, and easier to analyse the genuineness of happy compared to fearful expressions. Our findings suggest that animating real faces with artificial motion may violate expectations (N400) and reduce the social salience (LPP) of dynamic morphs. Results also suggest that delta oscillations in the frontal region may be involved with the perception of naturalistic facial motion in happy and fearful expressions. Overall, our findings highlight the sensitivity of neural mechanisms required for face perception to subtle changes in facial motion characteristics, which has important implications for neuroimaging research using faces with simplified motion.

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Despite substantial research indicating difficulties with emotion regulation across eating disorder presentations, emotion regulation has yet to be studied in adults with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). We hypothesized that (1) those with ARFID would report greater overall emotion regulation difficulties than nonclinical participants, and (2) those with ARFID would not differ from those with other eating disorders on the level of emotion regulation difficulty. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-seven adults (age 18-30) from an outpatient clinic with ARFID (n = 27), with other primarily restrictive eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa; n = 34), and with binge/purge eating disorders (e.g., bulimia nervosa; n = 51), as well as nonclinical participants (n = 25) recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). We compared DERS scores across groups. RESULTS: In line with expectations, patients with ARFID scored significantly higher than nonclinical participants on the DERS Total (p = 0.01) with a large effect size (d = 0.87). Also as hypothesized, those with ARFID did not differ from those with other primarily restrictive (p = 0.99) or binge/purge disorders (p = 0.29) on DERS Total. DISCUSSION: Adults with ARFID appear to exhibit emotion regulation difficulties which are greater than nonclinical participants, and commensurate with other eating disorders. These findings highlight the possibility of emotion regulation difficulties as a maintenance mechanism for ARFID.

EXPRESS: The assessment of attentional bias to cleanliness stimuli in different versions of the dot-probe task: Evidence for a motivational account.

Vogt et al. (2011) investigated the role of goal-relevance in attention. Specifically, they induced the emotional state of disgust and showed an attentional bias (AB) to goal-related stimuli (i.e., cleanliness pictures) using the dot-probe task. In two experiments, we tested (a) an alternative interpretation and (b) the role of an important methodological feature of the dot-probe task. Since the effect can be interpreted alternatively as affective counter-regulation (i.e., cleanliness-related pictures attracted attention because they are positive in the negative disgust state), we added positive stimuli to test whether the AB in the disgust state extends to these stimuli. In Experiment 1, we used the location dot-probe task. That is, participants had to categorize the location of the target. It can be argued that this task confounds attentional processes with response priming processes. In Experiment 2, we used a discrimination dot-probe task, i.e., participants had to categorize a target feature that varied orthogonally to location, thus eliminating the confound. In Experiment 1, we did not replicate the effect of emotional state on AB for cleanliness stimuli, whereas in Experiment 2 we did. Mean AB scores for positive stimuli were not affected by emotional state. Two conclusions were drawn: First, the result of Experiment 2 supports the motivational account of Vogt and colleagues. Second, the results support the use of the discrimination task for both theoretical reasons (i.e., effects can be more clearly interpreted as based on attentional processes) and empirical reasons (i.e., the location task did not replicate the expected pattern).

The effects of mindfulness-based psycoeducation program on the perceived stress levels and emotion regulation strategies of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVES: In recent years, mindfulness-based practices in psychiatric patients have become a new trend. It is applied to many mental disorders and is stated to have various benefits. There is not enough research yet on how mindfulness-based practices effect patients with diagnosed bipolar disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mindfulness-based psychoeducation program on emotion regulation strategies and perceived stress levels of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder. METHODS: The study, which was carried out as a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental research design with a control group, was carried out with a total of 71 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder, 35 of whom were assigned to the experimental group, and 36 of them were assigned to the control group. Data of the study was collected with the Personal Information Form, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program was implemented in the form of group training, 2 sessions per week, for a total of 6 sessions. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, it was determined that the MAAS and ERQ-Reappraisal total mean scores of the experimental group increased significantly, and the PSS and ERQ-Suppression total mean scores decreased significantly (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Mindfulness-Based psycoeducation program improved mindfulness, emotion regulation and level of perceived stress of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

Relationship between nonexercise activity and mood in patients with eating disorders.

INTRODUCTION: Many patients with eating disorders (EDs) engage in excessive and compulsive physical activity (pathological exercise, PE) to regulate negative mood or to "burn calories." PE can lead to negative health consequences. Non-exercise activity (NEA) bears the potential to serve as intervention target to counteract PE and problematic eating behaviors since it has been associated with positive mood effects. However, to date, there is no investigation on whether the positive link between NEA and mood seen in the healthy translates to patients with ED. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To study potential associations of NEA and mood in ED, we subjected 29 ED-patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs) to an ambulatory assessment study across 7 days. We measured NEA via accelerometers and repeatedly assessed mood on electronic smartphone diaries via a mixed sampling strategy based on events, activity and time. Within- and between-subject effects of NEA on mood, PE as moderator, and the temporal course of effects were analyzed via multilevel modeling. RESULTS: NEA increased valence (ß = 2.12, p < 0.001) and energetic arousal (ß = 4.02, p < 0.001) but showed no significant effect on calmness. The effects of NEA on energetic arousal where significantly stronger for HCs (ßHC = 6.26, p < 0.001) than for EDs (ßED = 4.02, p < 0.001; ßinteraction = 2.24, p = 0.0135). Effects of NEA were robust across most timeframes of NEA and significantly moderated by PE, that is, Lower PE levels exhibited stronger NEA effects on energetic arousal. CONCLUSION: Patients with ED and HC show an affective benefit from NEA, partly depending on the level of PE. If replicated in experimental daily life studies, this evidence may pave the way towards expedient NEA interventions to cope with negative mood. Interventions could be especially promising if delivered as Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) and should be tailored according to the PE level.

Time in hand: Temporal focus in risk discourse and audience emotions on knowledge-sharing platforms.

Online knowledge-sharing platforms construct risk knowledge and provide the audience with risk-related scientific facts. We study how speakers organize narratives in past, present, and future foci to influence the audience's emotions through the audience's appraisal of motive congruency and coping potential. Empirical evidence from 210 Technology, Entertainment, Design talks about disasters from 2002 to 2018 demonstrates that emphasizing the past, present, and future in risk narrative leads to the audience's comments with more negative, less positive, and more positive emotions, respectively. Concrete (vs. abstract) portrayal of the risk narrative improves the audience's situational awareness, enhances their risk appraisal, and intensifies the impact of temporal focus on emotions, providing evidence of how temporal focus impacts. These findings demonstrate that temporal focus can effectively reduce risk overreaction or ignorance and facilitate emotion regulation in risk communication.

Cross-subject emotion recognition in brain-computer interface based on frequency band attention graph convolutional adversarial neural networks.

BACKGROUND: Emotion is an important area in neuroscience. Cross-subject emotion recognition based on electroencephalogram (EEG) data is challenging due to physiological differences between subjects. Domain gap, which refers to the different distributions of EEG data at different subjects, has attracted great attention for cross-subject emotion recognition. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: This study focuses on narrowing the domain gap between subjects through the emotional frequency bands and the relationship information between EEG channels. Emotional frequency band features represent the energy distribution of EEG data in different frequency ranges, while relationship information between EEG channels provides spatial distribution information about EEG data. NEW METHOD: To achieve this, this paper proposes a model called the Frequency Band Attention Graph convolutional Adversarial neural Network (FBAGAN). This model includes three components: a feature extractor, a classifier, and a discriminator. The feature extractor consists of a layer with a frequency band attention mechanism and a graph convolutional neural network. The mechanism effectively extracts frequency band information by assigning weights and Graph Convolutional Networks can extract relationship information between EEG channels by modeling the graph structure. The discriminator then helps minimize the gap in the frequency information and relationship information between the source and target domains, improving the model's ability to generalize. RESULTS: The FBAGAN model is extensively tested on the SEED, SEED-IV, and DEAP datasets. The accuracy and standard deviation scores are 88.17% and 4.88, respectively, on the SEED dataset, and 77.35% and 3.72 on the SEED-IV dataset. On the DEAP dataset, the model achieves 69.64% for Arousal and 65.18% for Valence. These results outperform most existing models. CONCLUSIONS: The experiments indicate that FBAGAN effectively addresses the challenges of transferring EEG channel domain and frequency band domain, leading to improved performance.

[The therapeutic stay, a rewarding experience both professionally and personally]. / Le séjour thérapeutique, une expérience enrichissante sur le plan professionnel et personnel.

The organization of a therapeutic stay by four mental health caregivers was a rich learning experience. This experience, a first for them, enabled them to expand their knowledge and adapt their professional posture over the long term. It also helped them to get to know themselves better on a personal level, to be more attuned to their emotions and aware of their limits. Here's a testimonial.

The smallest things make me emotional! Emotion reactivity in non-suicidal self-injury: trait, state, and physiological differences.

Objective: The current study sought to clarify the role of emotion reactivity in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) by examining three forms of emotion reactivity (physiological and self-reported trait and state reactivity) among a sample of young adults with or without a history of NSSI. Materials and methods: Seventy-six adults (M age = 20.97, 73.7% female) participated in a semi-structured clinical interview to determine NSSI history and completed a measure of trait emotion reactivity. Participants then provided state emotion reactivity ratings before and after a social rejection task, recovery period, and positive mood induction while physiological data was continuously recorded. Results: Although individuals with a history of NSSI perceived themselves to be more emotionally reactive, these participants were not more physiologically reactive, nor were their state reactivity ratings significantly different from individuals without a history of NSSI. Discussion: Results suggest increased emotionality in response to a stressor is within normal bounds and not unique to individuals with a history of NSSI, and provide implications for future research on the etiology and treatment of NSSI.

Prefrontal, Frontal, and Temporal Theta EEG Asymmetries and Self-Reports of Emotional Regulation.

Previous studies have shown that right-sided frontal alpha asymmetry (fAA) is an electroencephalography (EEG) marker for negatively valenced emotions and a marker for negative self-perceptions of a person's psychosocial interactions. Alpha activity is affected by the changes in visual stimulation associated with eye-opening and eye-closing; theta activity is not so affected. Therefore, this analysis investigates the relationship between an individual's theta asymmetry and self-perceptions of their psychosocial interactions. We used quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) data from eight right-handed male medical students aged between 19 and 38 years, recorded under eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions. Significant correlations were found between self-reported measures of psychosocial interactions via the Interactive Self-Report Inventory (ISI). The main finding was that greater left-sided frontal temporal asymmetry (fTA) under both EO and EC conditions was associated with lower "regulated" ISI scores and lower "dependent" ISI scores. Greater left-sided temporal theta asymmetry (tTA), under EC conditions, was associated with higher "anxious" ISI scores. Greater left-sided prefrontal theta symmetry (pfTA), under EO conditions, was associated with lower "relaxed" ISI scores. These findings suggest that theta asymmetries in the frontal, prefrontal, and temporal cortices may be indicative of negative emotional states. The results of this study underscore the potential of pfTA, fTA, and tTA to be used as biomarkers for cognitive-emotional balance. The implications for mental health interventions, particularly personalized therapeutic approaches, are significant.

Relationship between physical exercise, bullying, and being bullied among junior high school students: the multiple mediating effects of emotional management and interpersonal relationship distress.

OBJECTIVE: This paper investigates the relationships between physical activity (PA), school bullying, emotion regulation self-efficacy (ERS), and interpersonal relationship distress (IRD) among junior high school students. It also examines the underlying mechanisms of school bullying to provide insights into reducing adolescent bullying and to lay the groundwork for preventing and controlling aggressive behaviors. METHODS: A survey was conducted on 484 students (240 males, 12.18 ± 0.8 years) from 4 secondary schools using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS), Emotional Management Self-Efficacy Scale (EMSS), Interpersonal Relationship Distress Scale (IRDS), and Campus Bullying Scale (CBS) to examine the effects among the variables. A stratified random sampling method was used to select the sample, and data were collected with a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 statistical software. The analysis included Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap methods. RESULTS: (1) PA negatively predicts IRD, which in turn has an indirect effect on bullying (PA → IRD → Bullying), ES = -0.063. Additionally, EM and IRD act as mediators between PA and school bullying (PA → EM → IRD → Bullying), ES = 0.025. (2) PA negatively predicts IRD, which has an indirect effect on being bullied (PA → IRD → Being bullied), ES = -0.044. EM and IRD serve as chain mediators between PA and being bullied (PA → EM → IRD → Being bullied), ES = -0.071. CONCLUSION: PA can positively predict bullying, but it can be mitigated through EM to reduce IRD, thereby decreasing the occurrence of campus bullying and being bullied.

Adult co-creators' emotional and psychological experiences of the co-creation process: a Health CASCADE scoping review protocol.

BACKGROUND: There is a growing investment in the use of co-creation, reflected by an increase in co-created products, services, and interventions. At the same time, a growing recognition of the significance of co-creators' experience can be detected but there is a gap in the aggregation of the literature with regard to experience. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review is to uncover the breadth of existing empirical research on co-creation experience, how it has been defined and assessed, and its key emotional and psychological characteristics in the context of co-created products, services, or interventions among adults. METHODS: The development of the search strategy was guided by the research question, Arksey, and O'Malley's scoping review methodology guidelines, and through collaboration with members of the Health CASCADE consortium. The results of the search and the study inclusion process will be reported in full and presented both narratively and by use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) flow diagram. Comprehensive searches of relevant electronic databases (e.g. Scopus) will be conducted to identify relevant papers. Snowball searches to identify additional papers through included full-text papers will be done using the artificial intelligence tool, namely, Connected Papers. All review steps will involve at least two reviewers. Studies in English, Dutch, Chinese, Spanish, and French, published from the year 1970 onwards, will be considered. Microsoft Excel software will be used to record and chart extracted data. DISCUSSION: The resulting scoping review could provide useful insights into adult co-creators' experience of participating in the co-creation process. An increased understanding of the role of emotional and psychological experiences of participating in co-creation processes may help to inform the co-creation process and lead to potential benefits for the co-creators and co-created outcome. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: 10.5281/zenodo.7665851.

Sympathetic Response of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder During Dental Treatment Performed in a Sensory-Adapted Dental Environment.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and sensory processing. These challenges often make dental visits overwhelming and distressing for children with ASD. This study explores the use of electrodermal activity (EDA) to measure physiological stress responses and evaluates strategies to enhance cooperation during dental treatments in a sensory-adapted dental environment. We conducted a case series involving three children with ASD who required dental treatment. Each child's physiological responses to dental stimuli were monitored using EDA, which measures changes in skin conductance levels and skin conductance responses. Interventions included the use of dim lighting, the avoidance of loud noises, the application of firm pressure, the provision of sensory toys, social stories before appointments, and desensitization and video modeling techniques. All three patients exhibited phasic variations in EDA levels in response to stressful stimuli and tonic changes with calming stimuli. Case 1 responded to bright lights and unfamiliar settings with increased phasic activity, while calming stimuli like firm pressure resulted in tonic changes. Case 2 showed similar phasic responses to a weighted lap pad and tonic changes with music. Case 3 reacted to confined spaces and sudden light and touch with phasic variations and both a massager and music-induced tonic changes. Interventions were tailored to each patient's specific stressors, resulting in improved cooperation and reduced stress levels. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of EDA as a tool for monitoring stress responses in children with ASD during dental treatments. Tailoring interventions to individual sensory needs can significantly enhance patient cooperation and comfort. These findings highlight the importance of adapting dental environments and protocols to accommodate the unique needs of children with ASD, with collaborative efforts from occupational therapists and dentists.

A self-paced online emotion socialization intervention for parents of children with challenging behavior: Tuning in to Kids OnLine.

Background: Evidence-based parenting programs delivered using online technology are an important way to enhance program uptake. To date, programs that address emotion socialization processes, such as Tuning in to Kids, have always been delivered in person, via group or one-to-one delivery. This study used a randomized control design to examine the efficacy of the self-paced Tuning in to Kids OnLine (TIKOL). Method: Participants were 150 parents of children aged 4-10 years old with challenging behaviors, randomized into intervention or 10-month waitlist control. Parents and teachers completed questionnaires at baseline and 6 months after the intervention (equivalent time points for controls) measuring parent wellbeing, parent emotion socialization, parent efficacy, child behavior, and anxiety. Results: Analyses, using mixed methods multilevel modeling, showed that intervention parents reported significantly reduced emotion dismissiveness and increased emotion coaching, empathy and efficacy compared to controls who did not. Parents participating in TIKOL also reported that their children's behavior problems and anxiety were significantly improved. Greater engagement (modules watched and duration of support calls) was associated with more significant improvements. Conclusion: Findings provide preliminary support for the efficacy of TIKOL in improving parents' emotion socialization and reducing child behavior problems and anxiety, especially when efforts to support online engagement are utilized. Further evaluation using independent observations and a sample representing a wider demographic would strengthen these findings. Clinical trial registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No. ACTRN12618000310268.

Seeing others suffer and enjoying it? The Model of Individual and Social Appraisals of Misfortunes of others in media reception.

Suffering and misfortunes of other people are often portrayed in the media. Recipients react to these portrayals with different emotions. This article elucidates and clarifies schadenfreude (pleasure at the misfortune of others) and sympathy (feeling concern or sorrow over another person's distress) in media experiences. A thorough literature review provides in-depth insights into the formation of affective dispositions and schadenfreude from various psychological perspectives. This conceptual analysis leads to the "Model of Individual and Social Appraisals of Misfortunes of Others" (MISAM) which first reveals the determining intrapersonal factors within the emotional experience of schadenfreude and sympathy. Second, it discloses the social component vital for understanding the construction and regulation of these emotions. The model combines individual and social appraisal processes and identifies the factors involved in the elicitation and regulation of schadenfreude and sympathy in the media reception of misfortunes. With the aim of integrating different perspectives, we incorporated Affective Disposition Theory and recent work from social psychology and used an appraisal framework. The MISAM opens the path for further investigation of schadenfreude and sympathy in media reception, beyond entertainment experiences.

How does mindfulness skills training work to improve emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder?

BACKGROUND: Mindfulness skills training is a core component of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and aims to improve emotion dysregulation (ED) in people with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). However, the underlying mechanisms of change are not fully understood. METHODS: A total of 75 BPD outpatients participated in a 10-week mindfulness skills training. Multilevel models with a time-lagged approach were conducted to examine the temporal dynamics between the proposed mechanisms and ED. Decentering, nonjudgment, body awareness and attention awareness as putative mechanisms and ED as outcome were assessed on a session-by-session basis. RESULTS: Greater nonjudgment and body awareness showed within-person effects; participants who reported higher nonjudgement of inner experience and body awareness than their own personal average at a given week showed improvement in ED at the following week. Notably, decentering moderated these associations, such that increased nonjudgment and body awareness predicted improvements in ED more strongly in those participants with high decentering ability. Lastly, a bidirectional relationship between the mechanisms and ED was found; when participants were more emotionally dysregulated than their usual state, they showed less gain in the mechanisms at the following week. CONCLUSIONS: Knowing how mindfulness training works is relevant to optimize treatments. Clinicians may use strategies to increase these mechanisms when the goal is to improve emotion regulation difficulties in BPD.

Parent Facilitation of Child Emotion Regulation in ASD: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Parents play a substantial role in their children's emotion regulation (ER) abilities. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulties regulating their emotions, which can manifest as externalizing behavioral issues. Parents of children with ASD facilitate their children's ER development in response to unique challenges and stressors, often developing resiliency but other times contributing to their children's dysregulation and behavioral challenges. It is unclear how much momentary stress attenuates parents' emotional facilitation of child ER and its effect on child behavioral functioning. Using an ecological momentary assessment approach, the current study explores this process by considering how parents of children with ASD facilitate child ER through (1) parent ER ability, (2) emotion socialization style, and (3) expressed emotion. Multilevel models explored the relative influences of parent ER facilitation on the association between momentary parent stress and behavioral intensity. Results suggest that parent ER abilities and specific emotion socialization styles interact with momentary parent stress and child behavior, whereas emotional climate of the home impacts child behavior more directly. The role of parent ER facilitation in the context of parent stress and children with ASD and behavioral problems is complex and multifaceted. Implications for further supporting children's emotional development via parent involvement are discussed.

Exploring Affective Representations in Emotional Narratives: An Exploratory Study Comparing ChatGPT and Human Responses.

While artificial Intelligence (AI) has made significant advancements, the seeming absence of its emotional ability has hindered effective communication with humans. This study explores how ChatGPT (ChatGPT-3.5 Mar 23, 2023 Version) represents affective responses to emotional narratives and compare these responses to human responses. Thirty-four participants read affect-eliciting short stories and rated their emotional responses and 10 recorded ChatGPT sessions generated responses to the stories. Classification analyses revealed the successful identification of affective categories of stories, valence, and arousal within and across sessions for ChatGPT. Classification analyses revealed the successful identification of affective categories of stories, valence, and arousal within and across sessions for ChatGPT. Classification accuracies predicting affective categories of stories, valence, and arousal of humans based on the affective ratings of ChatGPT and vice versa were not significant, indicating differences in the way the affective states were represented., indicating differences in the way the affective states were represented. These findings suggested that ChatGPT can distinguish emotional states and generate affective responses consistently, but there are differences in how the affective states are represented between ChatGPT and humans. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving emotional interactions with AI.

Improving emotion regulation ability after brain injury: A systematic review of targeted interventions.

Emotion dysregulation is a common sequela after a brain injury, and it can have serious negative consequences for individuals, families, and the community. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify and evaluate interventions designed to improve emotion regulation ability in adults with acquired brain injury. Studies were identified on ProQuest, PsycInfo, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science; last searched on 3 August 2023. A review protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020218175). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool (version 2). Sixteen studies were included in the review comprising one case series, five pilot studies, four pre-post studies, and six RCTs. There was a total of 652 participants across studies. Fourteen of the sixteen studies reported statistically significant improvements in at least one emotional functioning variable. Ten studies reported medium-large effect sizes. Limitations included inconsistency in the measurement, reporting of intervention outcomes and processes. Future directions are discussed.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Rhombencephalosynapsis: A Clinical Report.

Rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a hindbrain malformation characterized by a missing cerebellar vermis with apposition or fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres. The present clinical case report provides a comprehensive, longitudinal overview of cognitive and affective manifestations in a 22-year-old patient with RES. The patient shows clinical signs of emotional reactivity and dysregulation, impulsivity, and impairments in executive functioning since early childhood. These features fit the constellation of neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in patients with congenital and acquired abnormalities of the posterior vermis. It is proposed that patients with RES may show affective and cognitive difficulties which increase their vulnerability to psychological stress and risk of developing mental health issues.