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1.
J Anal Psychol ; 68(2): 395-415, 2023 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36999650

RESUMEN

This presentation attempts to show the healing potential underlying the inclusion of the patient's body in the analytic process, while honouring and revisiting the understanding of the psyche-body connection described by Jung in his early work. In addition, the author offers reflections on the impact of collective trauma whose aftermath, among others, has been the disappearance of thousands of people, consequently breaking the family genealogy, leaving hundreds of children stripped of their roots and true identity. Referencing clinical material, the author describes how the process of translation and integration-from the sensory-perceptual to the conceptual-symbolic-can be halted on account of collective trauma occurring at an early stage in development. Moreover, it is shown how the potential of the archetype or image schema, linked to the somatic-affective early experiences encoded as implicit memories, can be recovered, when Embodied Active Imagination is included in the analytic work. The patient's bodily gestures and somatic experience may bridge the gap between the preverbal-implicit knowledge and the emergence of emotions and images that allow for the creation of a new symbolic narrative.


Cette présentation vise à montrer le potentiel de guérison qu'il y a quand on inclut le corps du patient dans le processus analytique. En même temps la présentation fait honneur et revisite la compréhension du lien psyché-soma que Jung a décrite dans ses écrits précoces. De plus, l'auteur offre des réflexions sur l'impact de traumatismes collectifs dont les suites ont été - entre autres - la disparition de milliers de personnes, et en conséquence la cassure de la généalogie familiale, laissant des centaines d'enfants privés de leurs racines et de leur identité véritable. En faisant référence au matériel clinique l'auteur décrit comment le processus de traduction et d'intégration - du sensoriel-perceptuel au conceptuel-symbolique - peut être stoppé du fait d'un traumatisme collectif se produisant à un stade précoce du développement. D'autre part, il est montré comment le potentiel de l'archétype ou schéma-image, lié aux expériences précoces affectives et somatiques codées en tant que souvenirs implicites, peut être retrouvé quand on inclut l'Imagination Active Incarnée dans le travail analytique. Les mouvements du corps du patient et son expérience somatique peuvent agir comme une passerelle entre la connaissance implicite préverbale et l'émergence d'émotions et d'images qui permettent la création d'un récit symbolique nouveau.


Esta presentación propone mostrar el potencial curativo que subyace a la inclusión del cuerpo del paciente en el proceso analítico, al tiempo que honra y revisita la comprensión de la conexión psique-cuerpo descripta por Jung en sus primeros trabajos. Además, la autora ofrece reflexiones sobre el impacto del trauma colectivo cuyas secuelas, entre otras, han sido la desaparición de miles de personas, rompiendo en consecuencia la genealogía familiar y dejando a cientos de niños despojados de sus raíces y de su verdadera identidad. Tomando como referencia material clínico, la autora describe cómo el proceso de traducción e integración, de lo sensorio-perceptivo a lo conceptual-simbólico, puede detenerse debido a que el trauma colectivo se produce en una fase temprana del desarrollo. Se muestra, a su vez, cómo puede recuperarse el potencial del arquetipo o esquema-imagen, vinculado a las tempranas experiencias somato-afectivas codificadas como memorias implícitas, cuando se incluye la Imaginación Activa Corporizada en el trabajo analítico. Los gestos corporales y la experiencia somática del paciente pueden tender un puente entre el conocimiento preverbal-implícito y la emergencia de emociones e imágenes que permite la creación de una nueva narrativa simbólica.


Asunto(s)
Emociones , Imaginación , Niño , Humanos , Narración
2.
J Anal Psychol ; 67(1): 345-362, 2022 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35417598

RESUMEN

This paper explores the healthy narcissism related to self-expression and looks at how this is frequently pathologized and split-off, with problematic consequences for the individual and for culture. This is explored through Yeats' poem, 'The Second Coming', as are other personal, cultural and clinical manifestations, with a split evident between those who advocate self-denial and those who are 'full of passionate intensity' and seen as narcissistic. The paper argues that the process of individuation requires us to embrace a multiplicity of self-states, and thus a broadening of ego-identifications, including states of vulnerability, self-denial, self-centredness, murderousness and power, in contrast to the unworkable unitary identifications of previous eras, where such states were projected onto scapegoat groups in, for example, racism. The neurobiological underpinnings of the core self are outlined which, the paper argues, help us better understand and accept the broad range of narcissistic phenomena. Embracing guilt, out of care and concern as described by Loewald (1979), and thus addressing states of both passive and active blindness to the other, allows us to put a 'human head on the lion's body', described in Yeats' poem. Some clinical manifestations and dynamics are also outlined.


Cet article explore le bon narcissisme, qui est en lien avec l'expression de soi. L'article observe comment cela est fréquemment considéré comme pathologique et clivé, avec des conséquences problématiques pour l'individu et la culture. Ceci est examiné à travers le poème de Yeats « La Seconde Venue ¼, comme le sont d'autres manifestations personnelles, culturelles et cliniques, avec un clivage évident entre ceux qui se font l'avocat du déni de soi et ceux qui sont « plein d'intensité passionnée ¼ et considérés comme narcissiques. L'article soutient que le processus d'individuation nous demande d'englober une multiplicité d'états de soi, et ainsi un élargissement d'identifications du moi, qui incluent des états de vulnérabilité, de déni de soi, de centration sur soi, de puissance et d'envie de meurtre, en contraste avec les identifications d'époques précédentes, unitaires et impraticables. Dans ces époques précédentes de tels états furent projetés sur des groupes pris comme boucs émissaires, par exemple dans le racisme. Les fondations neurobiologiques du noyau du soi sont exposées dans les grandes lignes afin, comme le soutient l'article, de nous aider à mieux comprendre et à accepter le vaste panorama des phénomènes narcissiques. Accepter pleinement la culpabilité, motivée par le soin et la sollicitude - tels qu'ils sont décrits par Loewald (1979) - et ainsi s'occuper d'états passifs et actifs d'aveuglement à l'autre, nous permet de mettre « une tête humaine sur un corps de lion ¼ comme Yeats le décrit dans son poème. Quelques manifestations et dynamiques cliniques sont également soulignées.


El presente trabajo explora el narcisismo saludable con relación a la autoexpresión, y examina cómo esto es frecuentemente patologizado y disociado, con consecuencias problemáticas para el individuo y la cultura. A través del poema de Yeats 'The Second Coming', se explora este tema junto a las manifestaciones personales, culturales y clínicas, con una disociación evidente entre quienes son partidarios de la auto negación, y quienes están 'llenos de una intensidad apasionada' y son vistos como narcisistas. El trabajo argumenta que el proceso de individuación requiere que aceptemos la multiplicidad de estados del self, ampliando así las identificaciones del ego, incluyendo estados de: vulnerabilidad, autonegación, auto-centración, sentimientos homicidas, y poder, en contraste con las identificaciones unitarias inviables de eras previas, en las que estos estados eran proyectados en grupos chivos expiatorios, por ejemplo, el racismo. Se describen las bases neurobiológicas del self nuclear, las cuales nos ayudan a comprender mejor y a aceptar un amplio espectro de fenómenos narcisistas. Abrazar la culpa, desde el cuidado y el interés, como lo describe Loewald (1979), y así dar cuenta de los estados de ceguera activa y pasiva hacia el otro, nos permite colocar 'una cabeza humana en el cuerpo del león', descripto en el poema de Yeats. También se delinean algunas manifestaciones y dinámicas clínicas.


Este artigo explora o narcisismo saudável relacionado à autoexpressão e analisa como isso é frequentemente patologizado e dividido, com consequências problemáticas para o indivíduo e para a cultura. Explorado no poema de Yeats, 'A Segunda Vinda', assim como em outras manifestações pessoais, culturais e clínicas, com uma divisão evidente entre aqueles que defendem a abnegação e aqueles que são "cheios de intensidade apaixonada" e vistos como narcísicos. O artigo argumenta que o processo de individuação exige que abracemos uma multiplicidade de autoestados e, portanto, uma ampliação das identificações do ego, incluindo estados de vulnerabilidade, abnegação, egocentrismo, assassinato e poder, em contraste com as identificações unitárias impraticáveis de eras anteriores, onde tais estados foram projetados em grupos de bodes expiatórios, por exemplo, no racismo. Os fundamentos neurobiológicos do eu central são delineados, argumenta o artigo, o que nos ajuda a entender e aceitar melhor a ampla gama de fenômenos narcísicos. Abraçar a culpa, por cuidado e preocupação, conforme descrito por Loewald (1979), e assim abordar estados de cegueira passiva e ativa para o outro, nos permite colocar uma "cabeça humana no corpo do leão", descrita no poema de Yeats. Algumas manifestações clínicas e dinâmicas também são descritas.


Asunto(s)
Individualismo , Racismo , Humanos , Narcisismo
3.
Biochem Cell Biol ; 100(1): 1-8, 2022 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34555292

RESUMEN

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a small but powerful member of the serine protease inhibitor family, which includes proteins such as elafin and α1-antitrypsin. These proteins all have similar structures and antiprotease abilities, but SLPI has been found to have an additional role as an anti-inflammatory factor. It can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, prevent neutrophil infiltration in murine models of lung and liver injury, and regulate the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB. In this review, we will revisit SLPI's unique biochemistry, and then explore how its anti-inflammatory functions can be linked to more recent findings showing that SLPI can localize to the nuclei of cells, bind DNA, and act as a regulator of gene expression.


Asunto(s)
Lipopolisacáridos , Inhibidor Secretorio de Peptidasas Leucocitarias , Animales , Antiinflamatorios , Citocinas , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Inhibidor Secretorio de Peptidasas Leucocitarias/genética , Inhibidor Secretorio de Peptidasas Leucocitarias/metabolismo
4.
J Anal Psychol ; 66(4): 887-906, 2021 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34758128

RESUMEN

This paper is a response to William Meredith-Owen's paper presented at the inaugural joint conference on 'Alchemy, a bridge to Jung's objective psyche', for The Society of Analytical Psychology and the West Midlands Institute of Psychotherapy in autumn 2020. The paper presents a way of understanding the collective unconscious through the functioning of the core self, and thus offers a bridge which addresses the indivisibility of the personal and collective psyche/unconscious, referencing Mary Williams' (1963) classic paper. Specifically, this is applied to Winnicott's dream of destruction that he had after reviewing Memories, Dreams, Reflections, as well as to parts of the psyche that were dissociated due to significant early deprivation - the primary narcissistic wounds. Alchemical metaphors are shown to relate to the analytic process, which allows the primitive core self (with its identificatory, participatory, connecting nature), when integrated through relationship, to sink back into the unconscious and function as the Self.


Cet article est une réponse à l'article que William Meredith-Owen a présenté à la conférence inaugurale commune à la Society of Analytical Psychology et l'Institut de Psychothérapie des West Midlands, à l'automne 2020, conférence intitulée « L'Alchimie, un Pont vers la Psyché Objective de Jung ¼. L'article présente une manière de comprendre l'inconscient collectif à travers le fonctionnement du noyau du soi, et offre ainsi une passerelle permettant de rendre compte de l'indivisibilité de la psyché/de l'inconscient collectifs et individuels, en référence à l'article bien connu de Mary Williams (1963). Plus spécifiquement, ceci est appliqué au rêve de destruction que Winnicott a eu après avoir fait la critique de « Ma vie: Souvenirs, Rêves et Pensées ¼. Ceci est également appliqué à des parties de la psyché qui ont été dissociées du fait de carences précoces importantes - les blessures narcissiques primaires. Il est montré que les métaphores alchimiques rendent compte du processus analytique, qui permet au noyau primitif du soi (avec sa nature identificatoire, participative et liante), quand il est intégré par le biais de la relation, de se retirer dans l'inconscient et de fonctionner en tant que Soi.


El presente trabajo es una respuesta al trabajo presentado por William Meredith-Owen en la Conferencia Inaugural conjunta entre la Sociedad de Psicología Analítica y el Instituto de Psicoterapia West Midlands, sobre 'Alquimia, un Puente hacia la Psique Objetiva de Jung', en el otoño del 2020. El trabajo presenta un modo de comprender el inconsciente colectivo a través del funcionamiento del self nuclear ('core-self'), y ofrece así un puente que da cuenta de la indivisibilidad de psique personal y colectiva, referenciando el clásico trabajo de Mary Williams (1963). Específicamente, se aplica al sueño de destrucción que Winnicott tuvo luego de su revisión de Recuerdos, Sueños, Pensamientos, así como a partes de la psique que fueron disociadas debido a una significativa falta temprana - herida narcisista temprana. Se muestran metáforas alquímicas relacionadas al proceso analítico, el cual posibilita al self nuclear primitivo (con su naturaleza conectora, participativa e identificatoria), hundirse en el inconsciente y funcionar como Sí Mismo, cuando es integrado a través de una relación.


Asunto(s)
Alquimia , Humanos , Masculino , Narcisismo , Psicoterapia
5.
J Fr Ophtalmol ; 44(2): 151-162, 2021 Feb.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33431190

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To localize the brain structures involved in blepharospasm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective consecutive series of brain MRI's of patients with secondary blepharospasm whose immediate past medical history included cerebrovascular accident or head trauma. RESULTS: Six patients, including 4 with CVA with ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions of the thalamus and caudate nuclei and 2 with head trauma with contusive sequellae to the tectal plate and frontal cortical and cerebellar atrophy. CONCLUSION: According to the literature, brain lesions associated with blepharospasm involve mainly the thalamus, head of the caudate nucleus, corpus striatum, globus pallidus, internal capsule, cerebral cortex and cerebellum. This study demonstrates that blepharospasm is associated with a lesion of a complex neural network - cortex-thalamus-globus pallidus-cortex - and does not correspond to a single, unique lesion. This network is connected with ascending and descending sensory-motor pathways and motor nuclei.


Asunto(s)
Blefaroespasmo , Blefaroespasmo/diagnóstico , Encéfalo , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tálamo
6.
Ann Endocrinol (Paris) ; 82(3-4): 198-200, 2021 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32482343

RESUMEN

By activating membrane ß-adrenergic receptors (ß-AR), noradrenaline and adrenaline are the most powerful stimulators of cardiac function. ß-ARs are coupled to the synthesis of cAMP, which activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). PKA regulates the key proteins of excitation-contraction coupling but also gene expression. While an acute activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway allows adaptation of cardiac output to exercise, its chronic activation is deleterious by promoting pathological remodeling of the heart. The use of probes based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and located specifically at the level of the cytoplasm or the nucleus make it possible to highlight the differential mechanisms by which ß-ARs control PKA activation in these two compartments. The characterization of these mechanisms is important in order to better understand the deleterious effects of chronic activation of the ß-adrenergic pathway in the heart.


Asunto(s)
Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Transferencia Resonante de Energía de Fluorescencia/métodos , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta/metabolismo , Animales , Humanos , Transducción de Señal/fisiología
7.
Ann Pharm Fr ; 78(3): 206-216, 2020 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32247515

RESUMEN

Chromatographic application of two recent HPLC stationary phases for protein analysis was demonstrated. These two stationary phases are namely monolithic rods and core-shell particles. Monolithic rods have higher permeability and larger porous structure allowing faster elution, while smaller core-shell particles have narrower particle size distribution and better packing allowing larger number of resolved peptides. Peptide mapping of erythropoietin hormone, which is used in the treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic renal failure in adult and pediatric patients, was carried out on monolithic column and core-shell particles. Comparison between the effectiveness of separation on both columns was established and the new morphologies proved their capability of replacing the totally porous particles with higher resolution power at shorter analysis time. Carbetocin is an oxytocin analogue with a longer duration of action that stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection in mammals. Monolithic column was also applied for quantitative HPLC analysis of carbetocin using ethanol as cheap and greener alternative organic modifier without compromise to a full impurity profiling. The proposed method was validated concerning with accuracy, precision, robustness, sensitivity, limits of detection and quantitation and proved to be green and stability indicating.


Asunto(s)
Eritropoyetina/análisis , Oxitocina/análogos & derivados , Mapeo Peptídico/métodos , Proteínas/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Etanol , Tecnología Química Verde , Humanos , Límite de Detección , Oxitocina/análisis , Tamaño de la Partícula , Permeabilidad , Porosidad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Solventes
8.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 98(5): 282-295, 2020 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31821012

RESUMEN

Apelin is a peptide that plays a role in physiological processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, and proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons and vagus in the effect of apelin against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The experimental groups were (1) control, (2) I/R, (3) apelin + I/R, (4) vagotomy + I/R, (5) vagotomy + apelin + I/R, (6) capsaicin + I/R, (7) capsaicin + apelin + I/R, (8) lorglumide + I/R, and (9) lorglumide + apelin + I/R. To test the potential gastroprotective effect of apelin-13, apelin-13 (2 mg/kg i.v.) was administered just before both ischemia and reperfusion. A vagotomy was performed 1 week before I/R in the vagotomized groups; capsaicin (125 mg/kg s.c.) was administrated 2 weeks before I/R in the capsaicin-treated groups and lorglumide (5 mg/kg i.p.) was administered 30 min before I/R in the lorglumide-treated groups. After I/R, a variety parameters in gastric tissue were analyzed. cfos expression was determined in brainstem samples. In the I/R group, the lesion index, myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor-α increased, and mucosal blood flow, prostaglandin-E2, and calcitonin gene related peptide decreased. Apelin prevented the damaging effects of I/R and increased cfos expression in brainstem areas. Vagotomy, capsaicin, and lorglumide largely eliminated the gastroprotective effects of apelin-13. This study showed that sensory nerves and the vagus play regulatory roles in apelin-induced gastroprotection. Cholecystokinin may play a role in the effect of apelin through sensory neurons.


Asunto(s)
Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/farmacología , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión/fisiopatología , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/efectos de los fármacos , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , Estómago/inervación , Nervio Vago/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Citoprotección/efectos de los fármacos , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptor de Colecistoquinina B/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/patología , Nervio Vago/fisiopatología
9.
Genome ; 60(10): 815-824, 2017 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28732174

RESUMEN

Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae) shows a wide variation in the number of B chromosomes composed of constitutive heterochromatin. For this reason, it provides a good model to study the influence of the number of centromeres and amount of heterochromatin on spatial organization of interphase nuclei. We analyzed the three-dimensional organization of fibroblast and spermatocyte nuclei of the field mice carrying a different number of B chromosomes using laser scanning microscopy and 3D fluorescence in situ hybridization. We detected a co-localization of the B chromosomes with constitutive heterochromatin of the chromosomes of the basic set. We showed a non-random distribution of B chromosomes in the spermatocyte nuclei. Unpaired B chromosomes showed a tendency to occur in the compartment formed by the unpaired part of the XY bivalent.


Asunto(s)
Núcleo Celular/genética , Cromosomas de los Mamíferos/genética , Fibroblastos/fisiología , Murinae/genética , Espermatocitos/fisiología , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Heterocromatina , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ/métodos , Cariotipificación , Masculino , Microscopía Confocal , Fase Paquiteno
10.
Biochem Cell Biol ; 95(4): 517-523, 2017 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28380310

RESUMEN

Enforced expression of GNG11, G-protein subunit γ 11, induces cellular senescence in normal human diploid fibroblasts. We here examined the effect of the expression of GNG11 on the growth of immortalized human cell lines, and found that it suppressed the growth of SUSM-1 cells, but not of HeLa cells. We then compared these two cell lines to understand the molecular basis for the action of GNG11. We found that expression of GNG11 induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abnormal nuclear morphology in SUSM-1 cells but not in HeLa cells. Increased ROS generation by GNG11 would likely be caused by the down-regulation of the antioxidant enzymes in SUSM-1 cells. We also found that SUSM-1 cells, even under normal culture conditions, showed higher levels of ROS and higher incidence of abnormal nuclear morphology than HeLa cells, and that abnormal nuclear morphology was relevant to the increased ROS generation in SUSM-1 cells. Thus, SUSM-1 and HeLa cells showed differences in the regulation of ROS and nuclear morphology, which might account for their different responses to the expression of GNG11. Thus, SUSM-1 cells may provide a unique system to study the regulatory relationship between ROS generation, nuclear morphology, and G-protein signaling.


Asunto(s)
Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/patología , Subunidades gamma de la Proteína de Unión al GTP/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Células HeLa , Humanos
11.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 95(2): 157-162, 2017 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27901369

RESUMEN

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) display autonomic imbalance and abnormal body temperature (Tb) adjustments. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) modulates hypoxia-induced hypothermia, but its role in SHR thermoregulation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that SHR display peculiar thermoregulatory response to hypoxia and that endogenous H2S overproduced in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of SHR modulates this response. SHR and Wistar rats were microinjected into the fourth ventricle with aminooxyacetate (AOA, H2S-synthezing enzyme inhibitor) or sodium sulfide (Na2S, H2S donor) and exposed to normoxia (21% inspired O2) or hypoxia (10% inspired O2, 30 min). Tb was continuously measured, and H2S production rate was assessed in caudal NTS homogenates. In both groups, AOA, Na2S, or saline (i.e., control; 1 µL) did not affect euthermia. Hypoxia caused similar decreases in Tb in both groups. AOA presented a longer latency to potentiate hypoxic hypothermia in SHR. Caudal NTS H2S production rate was higher in SHR. We suggest that increased bioavailability of H2S in the caudal NTS of SHR enables the adequate modulation of excitability of peripheral chemoreceptor-activated NTS neurons that ultimately induce suppression of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, thus accounting for the normal hypoxic hypothermia.


Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal , Sulfuro de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Hipotermia Inducida , Hipoxia/fisiopatología , Ácido Aminooxiacético/administración & dosificación , Ácido Aminooxiacético/farmacología , Animales , Temperatura Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Hipoxia/complicaciones , Masculino , Microinyecciones , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Núcleo Solitario/metabolismo , Núcleo Solitario/fisiopatología , Sulfuros/administración & dosificación , Sulfuros/farmacología
12.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 94(5): 534-41, 2016 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26963333

RESUMEN

Increasing evidence indicates a link between sympathetic nervous system activation and obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The adipose afferent reflex (AAR) is a sympathoexcitatory reflex that is activated by afferent neurotransmission from the white adipose tissue (WAT). This study aimed to investigate whether the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) is an important component of the central neurocircuitry of the AAR. In anesthetized rats, the discharge activity of individual PVH neurons was recorded in vivo. Activation of WAT afferents was initiated by capsaicin injection, and the AAR was evaluated by monitoring renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses. The responses of PVH neurons to activation of WAT afferents were evaluated by c-fos immunoreactivity and the discharge activity of individual PVH neurons, which was recorded using extracellular single-unit recording. After activation of WAT afferents, both individual PVH neuron discharge activity and c-fos immunoreactivity increased. Bilateral selective lesions of the neurons in the PVH with kainic acid abolished the AAR. These results indicate that PVH is an important component of the central neurocircuitry of the AAR.


Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo Blanco/inervación , Modelos Neurológicos , Neuronas Aferentes/fisiología , Núcleo Hipotalámico Paraventricular/fisiología , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Capsaicina/farmacología , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitadores/farmacología , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitadores/farmacología , Conducto Inguinal , Grasa Intraabdominal/efectos de los fármacos , Grasa Intraabdominal/inervación , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Ácido Kaínico/farmacología , Masculino , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Neuronas Aferentes/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Hipotalámico Paraventricular/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-fos/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Espacio Retroperitoneal , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiología , Transmisión Sináptica/efectos de los fármacos
14.
Genome ; 59(3): 209-20, 2016 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26881940

RESUMEN

Genome size is an indicator of evolutionary distance and a metric for genome characterization. Here, we report accurate estimates of genome size in 99 accessions from 26 species of Avena. We demonstrate that the average genome size of C genome diploid species (2C = 10.26 pg) is 15% larger than that of A genome species (2C = 8.95 pg), and that this difference likely accounts for a progression of size among tetraploid species, where AB < AC < CC (average 2C = 16.76, 18.60, and 21.78 pg, respectively). All accessions from three hexaploid species with the ACD genome configuration had similar genome sizes (average 2C = 25.74 pg). Genome size was mostly consistent within species and in general agreement with current information about evolutionary distance among species. Results also suggest that most of the polyploid species in Avena have experienced genome downsizing in relation to their diploid progenitors. Genome size measurements could provide additional quality control for species identification in germplasm collections, especially in cases where diploid and polyploid species have similar morphology.


Asunto(s)
Avena/genética , Tamaño del Genoma , Genoma de Planta , Avena/clasificación , Evolución Biológica , ADN de Plantas/genética , Diploidia , Citometría de Flujo , Modelos Genéticos , Poliploidía , Tetraploidía
15.
J Anal Psychol ; 61(1): 44-62, 2016 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26785412

RESUMEN

This paper outlines a view of early relational trauma as underlying borderline states of mind, and argues that Knox's paper on internal working models and the complex provides a basis for understanding such states of mind. The author argues that in addition to internal working models, the complex also embodies and contains primitive defences of the core self. He outlines how these apply on the objective, subjective, transference and archetypal levels, and in direct and reversed forms and applies this to the account of Fordham's analysis of his patient 'K', which ended in impasse. The paper explores the dynamic that emerged in that analysis and suggests that it could be helpfully accounted for in terms of the co-construction and re-construction of early relational trauma in the analytic relationship.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/terapia , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Terapia Psicoanalítica , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/psicología , Humanos , Apego a Objetos
16.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 94(3): 257-64, 2016 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26745749

RESUMEN

Relapse to drug use is one of the most difficult clinical problems in treating addiction. Glial activation has been linked with the drug abuse, and the glia modulators such as minocycline can modulate the drug abuse effects. The aim of the present study was to determine whether minocycline could attenuate the maintenance and reinstatement of morphine. Conditioned place preference (CPP) was induced by subcutaneous injection of morphine (5 mg/kg) for 3 days. Following the acquisition of the CPP, the rats were given daily bilateral intra-NAc injections of either minocycline (1, 5, and 10 µg/0.5 µL) or saline (0.5 µL). The animals were tested for conditioning score 60 min after each injection. To induce the reinstatement, a priming dose of morphine (1 mg/kg) was injected 1 day after the final extinction day. The morphine-induced CPP lasted for 7 days after cessation of morphine treatment. Our data revealed that a priming dose of morphine could reinstate the extinguished morphine-induced CPP. Daily intra-accumbal injection of minocycline during the extinction period blocked the maintenance of morphine CPP and also attenuated the priming-induced reinstatement. Our findings indicated that minocycline could facilitate the extinction and attenuate the reinstatement of morphine. These results provided new evidence that minocycline might be considered as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of several symptoms associated with morphine abuse.


Asunto(s)
Minociclina/farmacología , Dependencia de Morfina/tratamiento farmacológico , Morfina/administración & dosificación , Neuroglía/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Accumbens/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/tratamiento farmacológico
17.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 93(4): 291-7, 2015 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25741585

RESUMEN

The objective of this work was to verify whether, as in the case of the plasma membrane of human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs), cytosolic ET-1-induced increase of nuclear calcium is mediated via the activation of calcium influx through the steady-state R-type calcium channel. Pharmacological tools to identify the R-type calcium channels, as well as real 3-D confocal microscopy imaging techniques coupled to calcium fluorescent probes, were used to study the effect of cytosolic ET-1 on nuclear calcium in isolated nuclei of human hepatocytes and plasma membrane perforated hVSMCs. Our results showed that pre-treatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) or cholera toxin (CTX) prevented cytosolic ET-1 (10(-9) mol/L) from inducing a sustained increase in nuclear calcium. Furthermore, the L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine did not prevent cytosolic ET-1 from inducing an increase in nuclear calcium, as opposed to the dual L- and R-type calcium channel blocker isradipine (PN200-110) (in the presence of nifedipine). In conclusion, the preventative effect with PTX and CTX, and the absence of an effect with nifedipine, as well as the blockade by isradipine on cytosolic ET-1-induced increase in nuclear calcium, suggest that this nuclear calcium influx in hVSMCs is due to activation of the steady-state R-type calcium channel. The sarcolemmal and nuclear membrane R-type calcium channels in hVSMCs are involved in ET-1 modulation of vascular tone in physiology and pathology.


Asunto(s)
Canales de Calcio Tipo R/metabolismo , Señalización del Calcio , Proteínas de Transporte de Catión/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Citosol/metabolismo , Endotelina-1/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Membrana Nuclear/metabolismo , Aorta , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/farmacología , Canales de Calcio Tipo R/química , Señalización del Calcio/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Transporte de Catión/química , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Toxina del Cólera/farmacología , Citosol/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatocitos/citología , Hepatocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Fusión de Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Moduladores del Transporte de Membrana/farmacología , Microscopía Confocal , Músculo Liso Vascular/citología , Músculo Liso Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Nuclear/efectos de los fármacos , Toxina del Pertussis/farmacología , Sarcolema/efectos de los fármacos , Sarcolema/metabolismo
18.
Ann Pharm Fr ; 73(1): 37-42, 2015 Jan.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25577015

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The gelatin-acacia system is used for the microencapsulation of piroxicam by complex coacervation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of some formulation parameters and process, namely the ratio of gelatin/gum acacia, core/wall ratio, concentration of crosslinking agent and crosslinking time are studied. The microcapsules properties are evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed that the microcapsules have a spherical shape, a coacervation efficiency greater than 70%, an average diameter less than 250 microns, a good stability and finally, the better values are obtained for gelatin/acacia ratio (5/3), ratio core/wall (1/4), an amount of 2 mL of crosslinking agent and a crosslinking time of 60 minutes.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Piroxicam/química , Acacia , Cápsulas , Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados , Composición de Medicamentos , Excipientes , Gelatina , Tamaño de la Partícula
19.
Genome ; 57(8): 439-48, 2014 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25389902

RESUMEN

Temperature and nutrient availability are both hypothesized to affect organisms at the cellular and genomic levels. In this multigenerational study, Daphnia magna (D. magna) and Daphnia pulex (D. pulex) were maintained at high (20 °C) and low (10 °C) temperatures and nourished with phosphorus (P)-sufficient (50 µmol/L) and P-deficient (2 µmol/L) algae for up to 35 generations to assess the multigenerational impacts on genome size and nucleus size. Analysis by flow cytometry revealed significant increases in nucleus size for both species as well as genome size for D. magna in response to a low temperature. The degree of endoreplication, measured as cycle value, was species specific and responded to temperature and dietary composition. Under dietary P deficiency, D. magna, but not D. pulex, showed an apparent reduction in haploid genome size (C-value). These genomic responses are unlikely to reflect differences in nucleotide numbers, but rather structural changes affecting fluorochrome binding. While the ultimate and proximate causes of these responses are unknown, they suggest an intriguing potential for genomic responses that merits further research.


Asunto(s)
Daphnia/genética , Tamaño del Genoma/efectos de los fármacos , Fósforo Dietético/farmacología , Temperatura , Animales , Núcleo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/fisiología , Daphnia/efectos de los fármacos , Citometría de Flujo , Modelos Lineales , Especificidad de la Especie
20.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 92(9): 752-7, 2014 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25105834

RESUMEN

This study was designed to investigate whether microinjection of angiotensin II (Ang II) into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury has any effect on renal oxidative stress and damage through renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). One week before the induction of left renal IR injury, right nephrectomy was performed and a cannula was placed into the right PVN. Rats were then distributed among 4 groups (n = 6); Sham, IR, IR + Ang II, and IR + Ang II + losartan. Renal IR injury was induced by clamping the left renal artery for 45 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. Losartan (0.3 µg) and Ang II (3 ng) were microinjected into the PVN at 20 min and 10 min, respectively, before the induction of IR injury. Ang II increased plasma creatinine, urinary NAG activity, and histological changes, and enhanced RSNA compared with the IR group (p < 0.05). Ang II increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kidney compared with IR injury. Losartan caused a reduction in plasma creatinine, urinary NAG activity, histological changes, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), and renal MDA levels, and increased renal SOD activity compared with the IR group (p < 0.05). These data demonstrated that increased RSNA activity, via microinjection of Ang II into the PVN, exaggerated renal IR injury by inducing oxidative stress in the kidney.


Asunto(s)
Angiotensina II/fisiología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Hipotalámico Paraventricular/efectos de los fármacos , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Acetilglucosaminidasa/orina , Angiotensina II/farmacología , Bloqueadores del Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/farmacología , Animales , Creatinina/sangre , Riñón/patología , Riñón/fisiopatología , Losartán/farmacología , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Microinyecciones , Núcleo Hipotalámico Paraventricular/fisiopatología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Daño por Reperfusión/fisiopatología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo
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