A Qualitative Analysis of the Functions of Primary Care Nurses in COVID-19 Vaccination.

AIM: To describe vaccination roles of primary care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. DESIGN: This analysis was part of a larger mixed-methods case study. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews from May 2022 to January 2023 with primary care nurses across four provinces: British Columbia, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Nova Scotia. We asked participants to describe their roles during various stages of the pandemic, facilitators and challenges encountered and possible roles that nurses could have played. We used thematic analysis and analysed codes relevant to vaccination. RESULTS: We interviewed a total of 76 nurses and identified four key functions of primary care nurses' roles in COVID-19 vaccination: (1) education, (2) vaccine administration, (3) outreach and (4) advocacy. Themes outlined nurses' roles with respect to patient education, addressing vaccine hesitancy, partaking in vaccination roles outside of regular primary care practice and supporting accessibility in COVID-19 vaccination. Specific tasks varied by nursing professions. CONCLUSION: Primary care nurses fostered trust through existing patient-provider relationships to enhance roles and activities related to education, outreach and advocacy in COVID-19 vaccination. Some COVID-19 vaccine-related roles were more easily integrated into primary care, whereas others competed with routine primary care roles. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: Findings highlight the vital contributions of primary care nurses towards COVID-19 vaccination efforts in Canada. Leveraging nursing expertise can enhance future pandemic response efforts and improve patient care by addressing barriers to vaccination and promoting equitable access to vaccination services. IMPACT: This study addresses a knowledge gap by describing the vaccination-related roles of primary care nurses during the pandemic. Findings illustrate that nurses demonstrated adaptability through their engagement in vaccine education, administration, outreach and advocacy. This research informs resource allocation, policy development and workforce planning for future vaccination efforts during a pandemic response. REPORTING METHOD: The authors have adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) guidelines included in the Empirical Research Qualitative reporting method. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER CONTRIBUTE TO THE WIDER GLOBAL CLINICAL COMMUNITY?: Provides insight into the pivotal roles of primary care nurses during the COVID-19 vaccination efforts in Canada, highlighting their diverse contributions towards education, vaccine administration, outreach and advocacy. Offers implications for future pandemic planning by informing resource allocation, policy development and workforce planning for vaccination efforts.

Content validation study on the Advanced Practice Role Delineation Tool.

BACKGROUND: Role understanding and practice standards become extremely important in countries that are developing and assessing nursing and advanced practice nursing (APN) roles. AIM: To describe the process and findings of a content validation study conducted on the Advanced Practice Role Delineation (APRD) tool in a Finnish context. DESIGN: A tool content validation study. METHOD: Between September and October 2019, three rounds of surveys (n = 9, n = 8, n = 5) were conducted to assess the content validity of the APRD tool. Furthermore, a thorough literature review was conducted in December 2020 to examine how the tool has been used and validated between January 2000 and December 2020. RESULTS: A 45-item amendment of the APRD tool was created. The Scale Content Validity Index Average of 0.97 reflects excellent content validity. A literature review of 15 studies revealed that the tool has been used by many researchers, yet there is limited research on its content and construct. CONCLUSION: The steps taken in this study were effective and may be replicated in other countries. Further studies are needed to validate the content and structure of the developed 45-item modification of the APRD tool.

Understanding person-centered care within a complex social context: A qualitative study of Saudi Arabian acute care nursing.

Policy reforms implemented in Saudi Arabia in recent years aim to modernize the culture and infrastructure of healthcare delivery and are expected to integrate person- and patient-centered care principles throughout the national healthcare system. However, in a complex multicultural environment where most nurses are international migrant workers, unique challenges emerge that frame the delivery of care. Better understanding is needed about what nurses perceive to be high-quality, person-centered care in Saudi Arabia and how they manage to enact it in practice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 nurses working in two tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, the capital city. Participants included Saudi citizens (n = 9) and expatriates (n = 12) who were asked to describe their perceptions of quality nursing care and explain the obstacles that they encounter in providing such care. Nurses reported extensive efforts to achieve individualized, empathetic, developmentally appropriate care. Their descriptions of care aligned with principles of patient-centeredness in care but were not separable from challenges at the patient, organizational, and regional levels, including staffing and supplies shortages, gaps in regional care coordination, inadequate language translation services, variability in cultural beliefs about healthcare communication, and overt discrimination against expatriate workers. Nurses reported creative strategies to achieve professional nursing values while navigating a dynamic landscape of constraints. The findings add to literature suggesting that person-centeredness in care cannot be understood outside the social and organizational conditions that shape it.

Nurses, midwives and students' reports of effective dedicated education units in five European countries: A qualitative study.

AIM: To investigate nursing/midwifery students, Clinical Mentors, Link Teachers and Head Nurses experiences within "Dedicated Education Unit" model in 6 European clinical placements and analyse the necessary elements for a powerful clinical learning environment. DESIGN: A multi-country, phenomenological, qualitative study. METHODS: Focus group interviews were performed to identify the personal and organizational factors of importance for students and nurses/midwives. RESULTS: Data analysis produced 4 main themes (1) Clinical placement organization, (2) students' clinical knowledge and skill acquisition, (3) students, and nurses/midwives' experiences within the DEU model and (4) factors for creating an effective learning environment. CONCLUSIONS: A close educational-service collaboration, a realistic clinical placement planning, a focus on student learning process and an investment in professionals' education and development among others, are elements to set up a powerful clinical learning environment. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION: It is considered advisable and urgent to improve the working conditions of nurses/midwives and the learning environments of students as a strategy to alleviate the global shortage of nurses and respond to the increasingly demanding health needs of the population. IMPACT: Due to the close relationship between students' learning and features of the clinical environment nurse educators seek innovative models which allow students to manage patient care and their transition to professional practice. To implement new learning strategies, identifying students, nurses and midwives perceptions and suggestions is a powerful information to evaluate implementation process and outcomes. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Our findings could help academic and clinical managers to meet the human and organizational requirements to create a successful learning environment in every student placement.

Nurses' Roles in Artificial Intelligence Implementation: Results from a Mixed-Methods Study.

We aimed to understand nursing informaticists' perspectives on key challenges, questions, and opportunities for the nursing profession as it prepares for an era of healthcare delivery enriched by artificial intelligence (AI). We found that nursing practice is currently, and will continue to be, directly influenced by AI in healthcare. Educating and training nurses so that they may safely and effectively use AI in their clinical practice and engage in implementation planning and evaluation will help overcome predicted challenges. Defining the key tenets of AI literacy for nurses and re-envisioning nursing models of care in the context of AI-enriched healthcare are important next steps for nursing informaticists. If embraced, AI has the potential to support the existing nursing workforce in the context of major shortages and augment the safe and high-quality care that nurses can deliver.

Nursing assessment of mental health issues in the general clinical environment: A descriptive study.

AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of a mental health screening form for early identification and care escalation of mental health issues in general settings. A secondary aim was to explore general nurses' use of the form and their confidence to discuss mental health issues with patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional design comprising a review of clinical records to determine use of the form, instances of missed care and escalation to the mental health team. The survey focused on nurses' confidence in general settings to engage in discussions with patients about mental health. Data were collected from April to December 2022. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement guided this study. RESULTS: Of 400 patient records, 397 were analysed; 293 (73.8%) of those had mental health screening by nurses. Age was a significant factor, with younger patients more likely to be screened although concerns were typically recognized in older patients. Of the 20 patients identified with mental health concerns, 9 (45%) were referred for further evaluation by the Clinical Liaison Team. While nurses were proactive in assessing physical risks, assessing risk factors that required deeper conversations with patients, including psychiatric history, was lacking. The survey highlighted fewer than half of the respondents (46%, n = 10) felt competent to engage in discussions about mental health; however, most (59%, n = 13) knew when to seek a mental health referral. CONCLUSIONS: General nurses have a role in the early identification and referral of patients with mental health challenges. However, training is imperative to facilitate deeper patient interactions concerning mental health. Integrating mental health checks within general settings is crucial for early detection and intervention, aligning with global quality care standards. REPORTING METHOD: STROBE guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: We received feedback that shaped the research protocol from a consumer representative.

The application of antimicrobial stewardship knowledge to nursing practice: A national survey of United Kingdom pre-registration nursing students.

AIM: To assess student nurses understanding and skills in the application of antimicrobial stewardship knowledge to practice. DESIGN: Quantitative. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: Five hundred and twenty three student nurses responded across 23 UK universities. Although students felt prepared in competencies in infection prevention and control, patient-centred care and interprofessional collaborative practice, they felt less prepared in competencies in which microbiological knowledge, prescribing and its effect on antimicrobial stewardship is required. Problem-based learning, activities in the clinical setting and face-to-face teaching were identified as the preferred modes of education delivery. Those who had shared antimicrobial stewardship teaching with students from other professions reported the benefits to include a broader understanding of antimicrobial stewardship, an understanding of the roles of others in antimicrobial stewardship and improved interprofessional working. CONCLUSION: There are gaps in student nurses' knowledge of the basic sciences associated with the antimicrobial stewardship activities in which nurses are involved, and a need to strengthen knowledge in pre-registration nurse education programmes pertaining to antimicrobial management, specifically microbiology and antimicrobial regimes and effects on antimicrobial stewardship. Infection prevention and control, patient-centred care and interprofessional collaborative practice are areas of antimicrobial stewardship in which student nurses feel prepared. Interprofessional education would help nurses and other members of the antimicrobial stewardship team clarify the role nurses can play in antimicrobial stewardship and therefore maximize their contribution to antimicrobial stewardship and antimicrobial management. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION: There is a need to strengthen knowledge from the basic sciences, specifically pertaining to antimicrobial management, in pre-registration nurse education programmes. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution. IMPACT: What Problem Did the Study Address? Nurses must protect health through understanding and applying antimicrobial stewardship knowledge and skills (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2018); however, there is no research available that has investigated nurses understanding and skills of the basic sciences associated with the antimicrobial stewardship activities in which they are involved. What Were the Main Findings? There are gaps in student nurses' knowledge of the basic sciences (specifically microbiology and prescribing) associated with the antimicrobial stewardship activities in which nurses are involved. Problem-based learning, and activities in the clinical setting, were reported as useful teaching methods, whereas online learning, was seen as less useful. Where and on Whom Will the Research Have an Impact? Pre-registration nurse education programmes. REPORTING METHOD: The relevant reporting method has been adhered to, that is, STROBE.

Early Career Nurses' Experiences of Engaging in a Leadership Role in Hospital Settings.

BACKGROUND: Early career nurses (ECNs) can be expected to assume shift charge nurse leadership roles quickly upon entering practice. Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, junior nurses may find their leadership capabilities tested further as the challenges of leadership are made increasingly complex in the context of an infectious disease outbreak. PURPOSE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore early career registered nurses' (RNs) experiences of engaging in shift charge nurse roles in hospital settings. METHODS: This study used an interpretive descriptive (ID) approach. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 RNs across Ontario, who had up to three years of experience and who had engaged in a shift charge nurse role in a hospital setting. Recruitment and data collection took place from January to May 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed following the principles of content analysis. RESULTS: Content analysis of the 14 participant interviews revealed four main themes: nominated and necessitated into leadership, diverse and demanding responsibilities, factors that help and hinder, and leadership as an impactful experience. CONCLUSIONS: Study findings provide insights into potential strategies to support ECNs in shift charge nurse roles, during the remaining course of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Greater support for nurses who engage in these roles may be achieved by promoting collaborative unit and organizational cultures, prioritizing leadership training programs, and strengthening policies to provide greater clarity regarding charge nurse role responsibilities.

The circulatory death that saves lives-Intensive care nurses' conceptions of participating during 'donation after circulatory death': A phenomenographic study.

AIM: To describe intensive care nurses' conceptions of participating during the donation after circulatory death (DCD) process in intensive care units in Sweden. DESIGN: A qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach. METHODS: In total, 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted in April 2022 with intensive care nurses from three hospitals. Data were analysed using a phenomenographic approach. RESULTS: Conceptions of participating during the DCD process varied. Four main themes emerged: DCD as a system; Intensive care nurses' role in the situation; Life to death to life; The essence of DCD. Variations emerged regarding what the informants talked about and how they talked about the what. Variations were based on informants' perspective of their role in relation to the structure and the team, and their conceptions of care for patients and their relatives. CONCLUSION: The findings illustrated success factors and challenges. Knowledge, experience, distinct structure, and relationship with relatives, among other factors, were described as success factors, while a lack of experience, difficulty in prognosing death, and organisational obstacles emerged as challenges. Furthermore, the findings showed that intensive care nurses play an important role in optimising the outcome of the DCD process. Their work related to DCD was conceived as being meaningful to fulfil more peoples' wishes to donate organs. IMPACT: People on the waiting list for organ transplantation are dying due to a shortage of organs. The implementation of DCD, as a complement to Donation after Brain Death (DBD), contributed to an increase in the number of organ donors, and intensive care nurses play an important role during the DCD process. Previous research manifests the complexity concerning their role. There is a lack of nursing research regarding intensive care nurses' conceptions of what it means to participate in the DCD process, which emphasises the significance of this study. REPORTING METHOD: This study is reported using consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (SRQR). PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

The mediating effect of sleep disturbance on the association between hypertension and depression: a national data analysis.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance is a common among people with hypertension. However, the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the association between hypertension and depression remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the association between hypertension and depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was cross-sectional study. The data were derived from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Fifth Wave (2014-2015). We include a total of 19,138 adults' participants with age range from 18 to 65 years old who completed response on the variable of hypertension, sleep disturbance, and depression. The mediating model analysis was processed using the PROCESS macro ins SPSS from Hayes model. RESULTS: Depression was reported by 22% of total respondents. The group with hypertension showed a substantially higher prevalence of depression than non-hypertension group (P < 0.001). Hypertension had a significant overall effect on depression (ß = 0.682; 95%CI 0.489 to 0.875, P < 0.001). The direct effect of hypertension on depression was significant (ß = 0.418; 95%CI 0.244 to 0.592, P < 0.001) and the indirect effect that mediated by sleep disturbance was also significant (ß = 0.264, 95%CI 0.174 to 0.356, P < 0.001). It is worth noting that sleep disturbance partially mediated the association between hypertension and depression. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that sleep disturbance contributed to the etiology of depression and hypertension in adult populations. Nurses should be involved in managing sleep disturbances, such as using behavioral therapy, as it may serve as both a treatment and primary prevention measure for depression and hypertension.

The Nurse-Police Assistance Crisis Team (N-PACT): A new role for nursing.

AIM: This study aimed to gain insights into forensic nurses' perspectives and approaches to behavioural crisis situations, comparing them to disciplines traditionally involved in first-line behavioural crisis response. DESIGN: This study used a descriptive, qualitative exploratory design and was informed by Systems Theory. METHODS: The study was carried in the United States, between 2022 and 2023. Data were gathered through four focus groups: police officers (n = 12), co-response (mental health) clinicians (n = 13), sexual assault nurse examiners (n = 6) and correctional nurses (n = 4). Thematic analysis was performed. REPORTING METHOD: The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) guidelines were used. RESULTS: Findings revealed temporal themes in crisis response: (1) Searching for Historical Information; (2) Safety and Acting at the Present Scene; and (3) Future Strategies and Interventions. Common priorities (e.g. safety and de-escalation) were identified across groups. Notably, nurses demonstrated a comprehensive approach, addressing physical and mental health assessments, substance involvement, and physical injury evaluation. CONCLUSION: This study proposes the creation of a novel nursing role within first-line multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) for crisis response-the Nurse-Police Assistance Crisis Team (N-PACT). Nurses bring expertise and comprehensive assessment skills to enhance crisis responses, particularly in cases involving mental health emergencies, medical crises, and drug-related incidents. IMPLICATIONS: Forensic nurses, with their diverse competencies and comprehensive training, are highly valuable assets within MDTs. Their expertise extends to proficiently conducting mental and physical assessments, ensuring safety and adeptly navigating situations that intersect with the legal system. IMPACT: The N-PACT concept can improve outcomes and streamline the allocation of resources, particularly considering the number of police calls involving behavioural crises. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

On the bullshitisation of mental health nursing: A reluctant work rant.

This discussion paper offers a critical provocation to my mental health nursing colleagues. Drawing upon David Graeber's account of bullshit work, work that is increasingly meaningless for workers, I pose the question: Is mental health nursing a bullshit job? Ever-increasing time spent on record keeping as opposed to direct care appears to represent a Graeberian bullshitisation of mental health nurses' work. In addition, core aspects of the role are not immune from bullshit. Professional rhetoric would have us believe that mental health nursing is a therapeutically beneficent occupation organised around ideals of care and compassion and providing fulfilling work for practitioners. Yet, there are some key characteristics of the experience of mental health nursing work that afford alternative judgements on its value and meaningfulness. Not least of these is the fact that many mental health nurses feel quite existentially unsettled in the practise of their work and many service users do not recognise the professional ideal, especially when compelled into increasingly coercive and restrictive services. In this context, Graeber's thesis is explored for its applicability to mental health nursing with a conclusion that many aspects of mental health nursing work are commensurate with bullshit but that mental health care can possibly be redeemed from bullshitisation by authentically democratising reforms. Engaging with posthumanist ideas, this exploration involves a flexing of aspects of Graeber's theory.

The role of the clinical nurse specialist in stoma care: A modified Delphi consensus.

INTRODUCTION: The role of the clinical nurse specialist is complex but is defined differently across the world. The role of clinical nurse specialist stoma care is undefined and it is uncertain what aspects of the role are included in the general day-to-day working role. AIMS: The aim was to gain consensus opinion to answer the research question: 'What is the role of the clinical nurse specialist in stoma care?' DESIGN: Delphi consensus. METHODS: Previous data gained from a scoping review and expert consultation was utilized to form role statements. At a UK conference the 13 statements and 173 sub-categories were voted upon. Consensus was agreed if 75% of voters voted agree or strongly agree. Two stages of voting occurred with results from the first vote being shared in the second voting session. RESULTS: All 13 statement and most (150/193) statement sub-categories reached consensus, with 20 sub-categories added during voting session one. CONCLUSIONS: The four pillars of advanced practice were met by the 13 statements with clinical and education reaching higher consensus and agreement than leadership/management and research. The results of the consensus study provide a clearer articulation of the clinical nurse specialist stoma care role, which is complex and multifaceted which has not been described previously. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Consideration of role evolution is made possible, to gain a greater expertise in the scope of practice it is necessary to include prescribing, management and research which could improve service delivery and optimize patient outcomes. There was no patient or public contribution, which in hindsight would have potentially improved the process but it was considered that patients might not recognize the full role of the nurse, understanding only aspects of the role that were patient-centred. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patients or public were involved in any aspect of this paper-in hindsight this might have been useful.

Roles of nurse-surgeons in global surgical care: A scoping review.

AIM: To identify the roles of nurse-surgeons in the provision of surgical care. DESIGN: Scoping review. METHODS: This scoping review adhered to the JBI guideline for scoping reviews and EQUATOR Network's PRISMA-ScR checklist. Searches were performed from May 2022 to July 2022 using a combination of MeSH headings, keywords and filters via database and hand searching based on the eligibility criteria. Keywords included nurse-surgeon, nurse endoscopist, nurse hysteroscopist and nurse cystoscopist. Data sources were CINAHL, Cochrane, Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus. Descriptive analysis was used to report the findings. RESULTS: Ninety-six included records indicated nurse-surgeon practice in 26 countries. Forty-one nurse-surgeon titles were found, the majority of which were types of nurse practitioner. A total of 5,684,198 surgeries were performed by nurse-surgeons varying from laparotomies to biopsies. Nine records reported that nurse-surgeons perform surgeries safely and on par with physicians with zero to minimal complications. Nineteen records reported improved surgical care efficiency by nurse-surgeons in terms of patient access to surgery, waiting times, surgery times, patient show rates, patient education, physician workload and junior physicians' training. Seven records reported high patient satisfaction. Nurse-surgeons were cost-effective according to five records. Thirteen records recommended the standardization of nurse-surgeon practice. CONCLUSION: Nurse-surgeons performed millions of surgeries worldwide assisting in easing the global surgical burden. This review identified the roles and benefits nurse-surgeons play in global surgical care. Research gaps on nurse-surgeon roles were discovered including the ambiguity in nurse-surgeon titles and the need to regulate nurse-surgeon practice. IMPACT: This research addressed the clinical safety, quality, contribution to timely surgical access and cost efficiency of nurse-surgeon performed surgeries, as well as the need to standardize nurse-surgeon practice and use a more consistent nurse-surgeon title to ensure role identification and monitoring.

Psychological empowerment and quality of life in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: A quantitative study.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between psychological empowerment, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in people with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). DESIGN: A longitudinal prospective study. METHODS: A sample of 150 people with haematological was recruited at Santaros Clinics in Lithuania between September 2020 and April 2022. Demographic characteristics, cancer-related characteristics, depression, anxiety, psychological empowerment and quality of life (QoL) were assessed using self-report questionnaires before and 10-12 weeks after HSCT. Descriptive statistics, correlation and moderation analyses were performed. RESULTS: The results showed that psychological empowerment had a significant correlation with patients' depression, anxiety and QoL. Patients who were more empowered before HSCT had a subjectively better QoL before and after HSCT and were less depressed after transplantation. The results showed that empowerment was a moderator between depression and QoL after transplantation, but it had a significant effect on the QoL only among patients who are less depressed. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: With this study, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of the psychological experiences of people with HSCT. Particularly, psychological empowerment is an important factor in preparing for this treatment. Medical professionals like nurses can be crucial contributors to implementing and strengthening psychological empowerment.

Roles and activities of nurses in cancer prevention and early detection in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

Objective: Nurses play a crucial role in cancer control. Prior reviews presented the effectiveness of nursing interventions such as tobacco cessation counseling and cervical cancer screening but did not focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This scoping review addresses a gap in the literature by describing the roles and activities of nurses in cancer prevention and early detection in LMICs. Methods: Following Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework, we searched seven databases using subject headings and keywords from 1990 to January 2021 and updated in April 2022. The reference lists of relevant studies were also searched. Two reviewers independently screened the relevance of studies through Rayyan, assessed full text articles, and extracted data using a Google Form. Conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Results: A total of 180 studies were included, representing all six World Health Organization regions and 48 LMICs. The largest number of studies were from the African region (n â€‹= â€‹72), the Americas (n â€‹= â€‹49), and South-East Asia region (n â€‹= â€‹29). The main nursing roles featured were patient/community education (n â€‹= â€‹113), history taking and cancer risk assessment (n â€‹= â€‹63), performing screening exams (n â€‹= â€‹136), care coordination (n â€‹= â€‹57), and training other healthcare professionals (n â€‹= â€‹9). Conclusions: This scoping review provides a comprehensive picture of nurses' role in cancer prevention and early detection in LMICs, across all six World Health Organization regions. Additional cancer workforce data sources at the country level are needed to fully understand the activities of nurses in cancer prevention. Future research is also needed to measure the impact of nursing educational and other interventions in both primary and secondary cancer prevention.

A qualitative study of public health nurses' experiences detecting and preventing child maltreatment in primary care settings.

AIM: To explore how public health nurses in child and family health centres experience detecting and preventing child maltreatment. DESIGN: Qualitative study. METHODS: Fourteen semi-structured individual interviews with public health nurses who worked in 11 different child and family health centres were conducted. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three themes were identified: (i) integrating knowledge to prevent child maltreatment as part of their everyday job, (ii) striving hard to detect child maltreatment and (iii) experiencing the assignment to be complex and demanding. CONCLUSION: Despite extensive experience, knowledge and following the guidelines, public health nurses in this study had difficulties finding children exposed to child maltreatment in child and family health centres. Public health nurses called for mutual multidisciplinary cooperation with other services and organizational facilitation, such as enough time and clear guidelines to effectively address this issue. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study provides knowledge about how public health nurses work with child maltreatment at the Child and Family Health Center, which can serve as valuable foundation for further research as well for collaborating services. REPORTING METHOD: EQUATOR guidelines were followed, using the COREQ checklist. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Nursing in a prison context: A focused mapping review and synthesis of international nursing literature.

AIM: To provide a snapshot of the extent to which nursing and the prison context features in non-specialist/generic nursing journals. DESIGN: Focused mapping review and synthesis. METHODS: Relevant articles were examined for the extent to which they featured nursing and the prison context. A descriptive and contextual analysis of the data was carried out to provide a topography and synthesis of the key trends identified. DATA SOURCES: Articles meeting criteria for nursing and the prison context in relevant non-specialized, generic nursing journals (n = 7) from January 2018 to December 2022. RESULTS: Four thousand, nine hundred and twelve (n = 4912) articles were published during the review period of which (n = 14) met inclusion criteria. The key trends identified are presented under three headings: taking an advocacy approach for better health and well-being, examining self-determination and autonomy in prison populations and nursing in the prison context. CONCLUSION: Nursing and the prison context features in non-specialized and generic nursing journals but sparsely and infrequently. There is a need for greater visibility of nursing and the prison context in nursing journals to help reduce stigma and marginalization of those working and those detained in prison. IMPLICATION FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Nurses working in prison environments often manage extremely complex care needs. It is necessary to feature all nursing care environments in nursing journals so as to increase visibility and to act as a source of education for all. IMPACT (WHAT PROBLEM DID THE STUDY ADDRESS? MAIN FINDINGS? WHERE/WHOM WILL THE RESEARCH HAVE IMPACT ON): The findings of this review will have impact on all nurses engaged in practice and research as it highlights the extent to which nursing in a prison context is featured in non-specialized nursing journals and also speaks to the challenges faced by those working and detained in prison. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution. This was a review of existing literature.

Does the cultural awareness of nurses affect brain drain and xenophobia?

AIM: Turkey is on the transit route of immigrants as it is located between countries where poverty and wars are intense and European countries. Therefore, there are countless immigrants from different countries in Turkey. Migrations affect every sector, especially the health sector. The aim of this study was to determine how cultural awareness of nurses, who are the cornerstone of the health system, affects brain drain and xenophobia. The problem of health care is not only on the agenda of immigrants, but also on the agenda of health service providers in their countries due to economic and working conditions. DESIGN: This research was designed as descriptive and relationship-seeking. METHODS: The data of the research were collected through Google Forms between December 5 and 26, 2022. A total of 231 nurses working in a public hospital in south-east Turkey participated in the study. Data were evaluated with descriptive statistics as well as reliability, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis. RESULTS: It was determined that the attitudes of the participants towards brain drain were moderate, their cultural awareness was low and their xenophobic attitudes were high. In addition, it was determined that 44% of the change in the total score obtained from the intercultural awareness scale was explained by the scores obtained from the xenophobia and brain drain scales. CONCLUSIONS: In this context, it may be possible to reduce xenophobic attitudes by giving intercultural awareness trainings to nurses. In addition, it is important to provide working conditions and economic support by health policy makers to prevent the brain drain of nurses. IMPACT: Nurses may need to provide care for individuals from different cultures due to the regions in which they live. For this reason increasing their cultural awareness and reducing xenophobia may ensure that they provide improved care to their patients.