Telehealth-Supported Exercise or Physical Activity Programs for Knee Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The integration of telehealth-supported programs in chronic disease management has become increasingly common. However, its effectiveness for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of telehealth-supported exercise or physical activity programs for individuals with KOA. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search encompassing Embase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, GreyNet, and medRxiv from inception to September 2023 was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials comparing telehealth-supported exercise or physical activity programs to a control condition for KOA. Data were extracted and qualitatively synthesized across eligible studies, and a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects. The study was reported according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020. RESULTS: In total, 23 studies met eligibility criteria, with 20 included in the meta-analysis. Results showed that telehealth-supported exercise or physical activity programs reduced pain (g=-0.39; 95% CI -0.67 to -0.11; P<.001), improved physical activity (g=0.13; 95% CI 0.03-0.23; P=.01), and enhanced physical function (g=-0.51; 95% CI -0.98 to -0.05; P=.03). Moreover, significant improvements in quality of life (g=0.25; 95% CI 0.14-0.36; P<.001), self-efficacy for pain (g=0.72; 95% CI 0.53-0.91; P<.001), and global improvement (odds ratio 2.69, 95% CI 1.41-5.15; P<.001) were observed. However, self-efficacy for physical function (g=0.14; 95% CI -0.26 to 0.53; P=.50) showed insignificant improvements. Subgroup analyses based on the World Health Organization classification of digital health (pain: χ22=6.5; P=.04 and physical function: χ22=6.4; P=.04), the type of teletechnology in the intervention group (pain: χ24=4.8; P=.31 and function: χ24=13.0; P=.01), and active or inactive controls (pain: χ21=5.3; P=.02 and physical function: χ21=3.4; P=.07) showed significant subgroup differences. CONCLUSIONS: Telehealth-supported exercise or physical activity programs might reduce knee pain and improve physical activity, physical function, quality of life, self-efficacy, and global improvement in individuals with KOA. Future research should consider longer implementation durations and assess the feasibility of incorporating wearables and standardized components into large-scale interventions to evaluate the effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022359658; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=359658.

Hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in Bangladesh: Evaluating role of physical activity from cross-sectional STEPS 2018 survey.

Background and Aims: The objective of this study was to assess current condition of three noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)-diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia and vulnerable cohorts among adults in Bangladesh. Methods: The STEPwise Approach to the NCD Risk Factor Surveillance survey of 2018 was analyzed to evaluate the association between NCDs and sociodemographic factors, levels of physical activity, and behavioral measurements. Complex survey weight-adjusted logistic models were fitted. Results: From 6875 samples, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were 27.3%, 9.8%, and 30.2%, respectively. The prevalence of the three NCDs were higher among older respondents. Low occupational activity with obese-BMI status people was more prone to NCDs. Lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was observed in Rangpur, Rajshahi, and Mymensingh, whereas lesser diabetes in Khulna region. Likelihood of NCDs were higher among highly educated, urban residents with low physical activity. Lesser physical activity, and lack of weight maintenance were found to be key factors in higher rates of NCDs in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Greater education and less strenuous profession led to a higher chance of NCDs. Overall, physical activity and maintenance of weight seem to be factors driving higher rates of NCDs in Bangladesh. As a preventive measure against NCDs, an active lifestyle is to be encouraged, particularly to the most vulnerable cohort.

How to Encourage Continuous Use of Fitness Apps among Female Users?

The proportion of women engaging in insufficient physical activity is higher than that of men, and they may face greater barriers. Fitness apps, as effective tools for behavior change, can significantly promote active physical activity among women. Notably, women constitute over 60% of fitness app users. However, few studies have focused on the reasons behind the continuous use of fitness apps by female users. This study investigates the impact of different perceived values on the satisfaction and continuance intention of female fitness app users. A total of 395 female fitness app users from Guangzhou, China, participated in this study. The results indicate that hedonic value (ß = 0.190, p < 0.001), utilitarian value (ß = 0.171, p = 0.007), and health value (ß = 0.440, p < 0.001) significantly and positively influence the satisfaction of female fitness app users. However, only utilitarian value (ß = 0.135, p = 0.018) and health value (ß = 0.436, p < 0.001) have a significant positive impact on the continuance intention, while hedonic value (ß = 0.028, p = 0.547) does not. Additionally, satisfaction mediates the relationship between utilitarian and health values and continuance intention. Therefore, the design of fitness apps should prioritize helping female users achieve utilitarian and health values rather than overemphasizing hedonic-value-related content.

The effect of smartphone addiction on adolescent health: the moderating effect of leisure physical activities.

BACKGROUND: Smartphone addiction is a growing concern, especially among adolescents, due to its negative impact on health. This study examines how leisure physical activity influence this relationship. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and adolescent health, examining the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating effect of leisure physical activity. METHODS: A survey of 1271 Chinese university students was conducted using the PAPS Health and Fitness Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Leisure Time Exercise Scale. RESULTS: Smartphone addiction negatively affects adolescent health. Loneliness mediates this relationship, while leisure physical activity moderates it. High levels of physical activity reduce the negative impact of loneliness on health (bsimple = -0.49, P < 0.001), whereas low levels enhance this impact (bsimple = -0.21, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These research have practical implications for preventing and reducing smartphone addiction and offer a theoretical foundation for promoting healthier lifestyles among adolescents.

Digital Gaming and Exercise Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Pediatric Study.

Background: Regular physical activity and exercise are fundamental components of a healthy lifestyle for youth living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Yet, few youth living with T1D achieve the daily minimum recommended levels of physical activity. For all youth, regardless of their disease status, minutes of physical activity compete with other daily activities, including digital gaming. There is an emerging area of research exploring whether digital games could be displacing other physical activities and exercise among youth, though, to date, no studies have examined this question in the context of youth living with T1D. Objective: We examined characteristics of digital gaming versus nondigital gaming (other exercise) sessions and whether youth with T1D who play digital games (gamers) engaged in less other exercise than youth who do not (nongamers), using data from the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Pediatric study. Methods: During a 10-day observation period, youth self-reported exercise sessions, digital gaming sessions, and insulin use. We also collected data from activity wearables, continuous glucose monitors, and insulin pumps (if available). Results: The sample included 251 youths with T1D (age: mean 14, SD 2 y; self-reported glycated hemoglobin A1c level: mean 7.1%, SD 1.3%), of whom 105 (41.8%) were female. Youth logged 123 digital gaming sessions and 3658 other exercise (nondigital gaming) sessions during the 10-day observation period. Digital gaming sessions lasted longer, and youth had less changes in glucose and lower mean heart rates during these sessions than during other exercise sessions. Youth described a greater percentage of digital gaming sessions as low intensity (82/123, 66.7%) when compared to other exercise sessions (1104/3658, 30.2%). We had 31 youths with T1D who reported at least 1 digital gaming session (gamers) and 220 youths who reported no digital gaming (nongamers). Notably, gamers engaged in a mean of 86 (SD 43) minutes of other exercise per day, which was similar to the minutes of other exercise per day reported by nongamers (mean 80, SD 47 min). Conclusions: Digital gaming sessions were longer in duration, and youth had less changes in glucose and lower mean heart rates during these sessions when compared to other exercise sessions. Nevertheless, gamers reported similar levels of other exercise per day as nongamers, suggesting that digital gaming may not fully displace other exercise among youth with T1D.

Impact of apparent temperatures on park visitation behavior: A comprehensive analysis using large-scale mobility data.

As many regions continue to show record temperatures and high frequencies of extreme climate events, climate change is disrupting human health and prosperity. This study focuses on how temperature changes and extreme heat as key climate components can impact park visitations (key physical activities indicator). Using the large mobility dataset SafeGraph, this study introduced a causal machine learning approach to estimate marginal heterogenous treatment effects (HTE) of daily apparent temperatures for different park properties and activity types. Our results revealed the declining effects of park visitations as apparent temperature increases and the significant disturbances under extreme heat. Different temperature thresholds that may harm park visitations were identified. Nearby green and public spaces (e.g. neighborhood parks) are the most susceptible category to summer heat. Dog parks, Playgrounds and Ball Field/Sports were well used during the heat. Pool/Splash pad and Community center have shown capabilities of mitigating heat stress. Effectiveness of other park facilities, including Restroom/Drinking Fountain, Water Body, Shade Area Facility were also presented. This study estimates climate impact on park behaviors for multiple usage and environmental situations. Our findings may help future planners, policymakers, landscape architects and park managers better understand climate-related risks when making investment and development decisions.

What kind of non-pharmacological strategy for reducing sedentary behavior in COPD? Data from a scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is usually associated with sedentary behavior (SB). Literature reports a harmful impact of SB on the physical, mental, and social health of individuals with COPD. However, Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) programs seem to have no clear effect on changing SB. Therefore, our study aimed to identify the strategies used in the literature to reduce SB among individuals with COPD. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted to summarize the current literature regarding the proposed strategies to reduce SB in individuals with COPD. Searches were conducted in PUBMED; SCOPUS and COCHRANE LIBRARY for studies published from 2010 to march 2024. RESULTS: Twenty four articles were retained for our review. Most of the identified strategies in the literature (21/24 articles) are based on behavioral approaches, with various forms: promoting self-efficacy, self-management and self-regulation of one's own behavior (12 articles), goal setting (10 articles), constant feedback (11 articles), therapeutic education (8 articles), motivational strategies (6 articles), re-engagement in meaningful activities (4 articles), promoting light intensity physical activity (LPA) (6 articles) and social support (6 articles). In association with the behavioral strategies, wearable connected technologies have been used in 4 articles, alone or combined with physical exercise programs included or not in a PR program. The home is associated with 83 % of interventions as a place for initial and continuous implementation of behavioral strategies. CONCLUSION: It would seem appropriate to focus on combined strategies to reduce SB in individuals with COPD (improvement of physical abilities and behavioral strategies). Further research is needed to only target the reduction of SB and to evaluate the effects of various interventions.

The association between physical activities combined with dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activities combined with dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors in adults from Nanjing, China. Methods: The cross-sectional survey conducted in 2017 involved a sample of 60 283 individuals aged ≥18 years in Nanjing municipality, China. The sampling method used was multistage stratified cluster sampling. The primary outcomes from multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjusted potential confounders were the relationships between physical activities combined with dietary habits and cardiovascular risk variables. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S) were used to assess an additive interaction between dietary habits and physical activities. Results: After adjusting potential confounders, cardiovascular risk factors were significantly associated with the association of physical inactivity and unhealthy diet, with the highest odds ratios (ORs) for low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HLDL-c) (1.64, 95% CI [1.47, 1.84]) and hypertension (1.55, 95% CI [1.46, 1.64]). Additive interactions between physical inactivity and unhealthy diet were found in on cardiovascular risk factors of higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HLDL-c) (S, 2.57; 95% CI [1.27, 5.21]), type 2 diabetes (T2D) (S, 1.96; 95% CI [1.23, 3.13]), dyslipidemia (S, 1.69; 95% CI [1.08, 2.66]) and hypertension (S, 1.46; 95% CI [1.12, 1.89]). Their RERI was 0.39 (95% CI [0.18, 0.60]), 0.22 (95% CI [0.09, 0.35]), 0.11 (95% CI [0.03, 0.19]) and 0.17 (95% CI [0.06, 0.28]), respectively. OR of being HLDL-c, T2D, hypertension and dyslipidemia in participants of physical inactivity and unhealthy diet was 24%, 15%, 11% and 8.3%, respectively. Multiplicative interaction was detected in obesity, hypertension, T2D and HLDL-c. Conclusion: An unhealthy diet and physical inactivity were strongly linked to cardiovascular risk factors. This study also showed that an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity combined to produce an additive effect on T2D, hypertension, HLDL-c, and dyslipidemia, suggesting a higher risk than the total of these factors, especially HLDL-c. Preventive strategies aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risks such as hypertension, T2D, HLDL-c, and dyslipidemia are necessary for targeting physical inactivity and unhealthy diet.

Balance and deep connections: the impact of physical activity on body and sexual self-esteem, psychological distress, and marital satisfaction among adults.

To date, no research has examined the relationship between sexual self-esteem, body self-esteem, psychological distress, marital satisfaction, and engagement in physical activities. Through a study involving 443 adults the aim of this research was to analyze the connections between engaging in physical activities, body self-esteem, sexual self-esteem, marital satisfaction, and psychological distress among adults. The results obtained through Partial Least Squares (PLS) modeling with SmartPLS reveal significant interconnections among these variables. The correlation between body self-esteem and psychological distress, the positive relationship between sexual satisfaction and positive sexual self-esteem, as well as the beneficial influence of engaging in physical activities on marital satisfaction, are key highlights of this study. The robustness of the measures, confirmed by high coefficients, strengthens the credibility of the results. Despite these advancements, the cross-sectional nature of the study emphasizes the need for longitudinal research to gain a deeper understanding of psychological and relational dynamics over time. In conclusion, this study offers significant contributions to promoting balanced marital relationships, highlighting the importance of considering body and sexual self-esteem, psychological distress, and physical activity within the context of human relationships.

Acting and Dancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic as Art Therapy for the Rehabilitation of Children with Behavioural Disorders Living in Socially Disadvantaged Environments.

Art therapy is employed in numerous ways in rehabilitation. This study focuses on an art and movement therapy project carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acting and dancing methods were adapted to produce a short musical film series for ten children from disadvantaged social backgrounds displaying nonorganic behavioural disorders. The aim was to acquire novel ways of expression on the part of the participants to release painful emotions in a safe setting using the method of catharsis through acting and dancing, triggering relaxation as a physiological response and improving their attitude. This study retrospectively analyses the changes in the children's behaviour and their active participation in the project through quantitative and qualitative research. The children improved their attention and self-esteem, their behaviour became less aggressive and impulsive, and half showed increased empathy. The active participation rate during the project was 82%.

O Programa Academia da Saúde e a Educação Física: uma revisão sistemática no período de 2011 a 2022 / The Health Academy Program and Physical Education: a systematic review from 2011 to 2022

Identificar e analisar os temas presentes em artigos que relacionam, de alguma maneira, a Educação Física e o Programa Academia da Saúde é o objetivo deste manuscrito. Os dados foram coletados nos bancos de dados LILACS, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Portal dos Periódicos Eletrônicos e em 12 periódicos da Educação Física. Foram selecionados e analisados os conteúdos de 54 artigos. Os resultados mostraram que houve maior número de publicações em 2020, com destaque para pesquisas realizadas no estado de Minas Gerais. O maior número de publicações consta na Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde. Detecta-se o interesse crescente por estudos com objetos ampliados que considerem a complexidade das condições de saúde dos grupos e das comunidades atendidas no programa, especialmente a partir das aproximações com a Saúde Coletiva.

The aim of this manuscript is to identify and analyze the themes present in articles that in some way relate Physical Education and the the Health Gym Program, of Brazil. Data was collected from the LILACS, SciELO, Virtual Health Library, Electronic Periodicals Portal and 12 Physical Education journals. The contents of 54 articles were selected and analyzed. The results showed that there was a greater number of publications in 2020, with an emphasis on research carried out in the state of Minas Gerais. The largest number of publications was in the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health. There is a growing interest in studies with broader objects that consider the complexity of the health conditions of the groups and communities served by the program, especially based on approaches to Collective Health.

Genetic causal association between physical activities and epilepsy: A Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Despite numerous investigations into the relationship between physical activities (PA) and epilepsy, the causal effects remain contentious. Thus, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the potential causality. METHODS: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predisposed to self-reported moderate and vigorous physical activities (MPA and VPA) and overall acceleration average (OAA) calculated through wrist-worn accelerometers were selected as exposure instrumental variables. Five subtypes of epilepsy, including all epilepsy, focal epilepsy and generalized epilepsy (with or without each other), focal epilepsy-strict definition and generalized epilepsy-strict definition (without overlap), were chosen as the outcomes. The MR study utilized the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analytical tool, supplemented by MR-Egger, simple mode, weighted mode, and weighted median methods. Cochran's Q and MR-Egger intercept tests were employed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy, while MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier and leave-one-out analyses were conducted to identify potential SNP outliers. RESULTS: The study indicated that OAA was genetically linked to a decreased risk of both focal epilepsy (OR = 0.812, 95% CI: 0.687-0.960, p = .015, IVW) and focal epilepsy-strict definition (OR = 0.732, 95% CI: 0.596-0.900, p = .003, IVW; OR = 0.749, 95% CI: 0.573-0.979, p = .035, Weighted median). Genetically predicted MPA and VPA did not exhibit a causal association with all epilepsy or its subtypes (p>.05). No evidence of heterogeneity, pleiotropy, or SNP outlier was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that PA with accelerometer monitoring may potentially reduce the risk of focal epilepsy, while there is no evidence supporting causal association between self-reported MPA or VPA and either focal or generalized epilepsy.

Integrating climate resilience with sports, exercise, and public health expenditures on sustainable environment: Evidence from coastal regions of China.

The adoption of environmentally-friendly habits has become more crucial in the present period as a means to mitigate the rate of environmental degradation and its detrimental consequences. The augmentation of sports, exercise and physical activities has been associated with favourable health outcomes, in addition to the ability to mitigate carbon emissions resulting from vehicular transportation. Consequently, the objective of this study is to examine the influence of sports, exercise, and physical activities, along with public health expenditure, on the environmental performance of China's coastal regions throughout the period spanning from 2010 to 2019. The proposed study employs the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (F.G.L.S) and the Generalized Method of Moments (G.M.M) methodologies. Results show that participation in sports and other forms of physical activity significantly improves environmental performance in China's coastal areas. Likewise, a robust negative correlation exists between air pollution and healthcare expenses, hence favouring enhanced environmental outcomes. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that economic expansion has a direct correlation with increased emissions, hence harming environmental performance. There exists compelling evidence indicating a significant impact on environmental quality resulting from the combined influence of heightened health expenditures and increased engagement in sports. This is demonstrated by the presence of an interaction term between health expenses and sports activities. The findings of this study suggest that there is a requirement to re-evaluate healthcare spending initiatives and sporting activities in order to effectively pursue carbon neutrality goals and improve environmental sustainability.

Is it possible to identify physical-motor profiles of preschool children on their association with selected biosocial factors?

Biosocial factors play a crucial role in the physical-motor development (PMD) of children during the preschool age. The present study aims to identify physical-motor profiles throughout preschool age (3-6 years) and explore associations between profiles and selected biosocial factors such as age, sex, prematurity, weight, height, BMI, and participation in extracurricular physical activities. Data from 412 typically developing children (46.6% girls and 53.4% boys), aged 35-71 months (M = 51.21, SD = 10.47) was collected using the Psychomotor Activities Checklist and specifically the scale of Psycho-Motor Aspects. Cluster analysis made it possible to define four different childhood PMD profiles. High PMD; High PMD except left laterality; medium-low PMD; and low PMD. High PMD profile includes older children, with anthropometric measurements closer to the WHO recommendations, fewer preterm children, and greater participation in extracurricular physical activities. Low PMD profile includes younger children, with weight slightly above and height slightly below the WHO recommendations and low participation in extracurricular physical activities. This study allows us to identify specific trends that may be decisive for the motor development of children throughout preschool age, highlighting selected biological variables and participation in extracurricular physical activities.

Depressive symptom trajectory of older adults with diabetes: exploring the role of physical activities using latent growth modeling.

OBJECTIVES: The literature highlights the role of physical activities in reducing depression, primarily in clinical samples and international longitudinal studies on older adults with diabetes. Based on Andersen's Behavioral Model, this study aims to describe the trajectory of depressive symptoms in this population and examine whether physical activities are associated with this trajectory. METHODS: This study used a longitudinal survey design, utilizing three waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study. The respondents were adults aged 50 or older (N = 4,278) with diabetes. After conducting descriptive analyses, latent growth modeling was performed including unconditional and conditional models. RESULTS: The overall trajectory of depressive symptoms in adults with diabetes decreased over a 4-year period. Physical activities were significantly associated with the variance in the intercept of the trajectory (p < .05), but not associated with the variance in the slope (p > .05). Additionally, this study identified factors significantly associated with the variance in the intercept (e.g. age, gender, race, marriage, education, income, self-reported health) or the slope (e.g. race, marriage, education, self-reported health) of the depressive symptom trajectory (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted interventions to encourage and promote physical activities among older adults with diabetes, recognizing the potential benefits for managing their mental health.

Physical "lying flat": The negative effect of personal relative deprivation on health-promoting lifestyles.

BACKGROUND: Social comparison is an inevitable aspect of human life, often leading to personal relative deprivation, wherein individuals experience a sense of unfair treatment when they perceive themselves as being at a disadvantage in comparison to others. Earlier research has observed a phenomenon called "lying flat" associated with personal relative deprivation, characterized by a lack of motivation for self-improvement. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether this pattern is suitable for the domains of health-promoting lifestyles given that health-promoting is driven by self-improvement motivation. METHODS: In three studies conducted in China, an understudied non-Western society, we investigated the association between personal relative deprivation and health-promoting lifestyles by utilizing diverse measures and samples. RESULTS: Findings from Study 1 (N = 12,465) indicated a negative relationship between personal relative deprivation and health-promoting behavior. This effect was particularly prominent among older individuals (Study 2, N = 11,378). Study 3 (N = 234) indirectly explored the possibility that a decreased priority given to health goals explains the reduced adoption of health-promoting behaviors when experiencing personal relative deprivation. LIMITATIONS: First, all health-promoting lifestyles are self-reported. Second, the mechanism between PRD and health-promoting lifestyles was not directly examined. CONCLUSION: Overall, this research confirms the physical "lying flat" phenomenon, highlighting that personal relative deprivation contributes to unhealthy diets and physical inactivity. Moreover, our findings also suggest that the lower significance placed on health goals relative to other life goals may serve as an underlying reason for this phenomenon.

2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities: A third update of the energy costs of human activities.

BACKGROUND: The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity (PA) across studies. The original version was updated in 2000, and again in 2011, and has been widely used to support PA research, practice, and public health guidelines. METHODS: This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those ≥60 years. Using a systematic review and supplementary searches, we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent (MET) values (using indirect calorimetry) published since 2011. We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible. RESULTS: We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers. We added 303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults. We added a Major Heading (Video Games). The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs (912 with measured and 202 with estimated values) across 22 Major Headings. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium, which has utility across research, public health, education, and healthcare domains, as well as in the development of consumer health technologies. The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://pacompendium.com.

A Mendelian randomization study: physical activities and chronic kidney disease.

Increasing evidence has shown that physical activity is related to a lower risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), thus indicating a potential target for prevention. However, the causality is not clear; specifically, physical activity may protect against CKD, and CKD may lead to a reduction in physical activity. Our study examined the potential bidirectional relationship between physical activity and CKD by using a genetically informed method. Genome-wide association studies from the UK Biobank baseline data were used for physical activity phenotypes and included 460,376 participants. For kidney function (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and CKD, with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), CKDGen Consortium data were used, which included 480,698 CKD participants of European ancestry. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to determine the causal relationship between physical activities and kidney function. Two-sample MR genetically predicted that heavy DIY (do it yourself) (e.g., weeding, lawn mowing, carpentry, and digging) decreased the risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.287, 95% CI = 0.117-0.705, p = 0.0065) and improved the level of eGFR (ß = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.005-0.067, p = 0.021). The bidirectional MR showed no reverse causality. It is worth noting that other physical activities, such as walking for pleasure, strenuous sports, light DIY (e.g., pruning and watering the lawn), and other exercises (e.g., swimming, cycling, keeping fit, and bowling), were not significantly correlated with CKD and eGFR. This study used genetic data to provide reliable and robust causal evidence that heavy physical activity (e.g., weeding, lawn mowing, carpentry, and digging) can protect kidney function and further lower the risk of CKD.

Parental Perceptions of Physical Activity and Risk of Disease Associated with Sedentary Behaviours in Infants and Toddlers.

OBJECTIVES: The current study intends to measure parents' perceptions of newborn and toddler physical activity. METHODS: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at the pediatric clinic at a University Hospital in Riyadh. The parents or guardians of children 0 to 3 years of age, healthy infants, and toddlers who visited the vaccination and pediatric clinic at a University Hospital in Riyadh, were recruited. The Parental Perceptions of Physical Activity Scale (PPPAS) was translated into the Arabic language. The Chi-square test was applied to observe the association between categorical variables. P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 383 parents were recruited. There was a significant association observed between physical activity and income, employment, and education. A significant association was observed between the following perceptions; the child enjoys physical activity, it increases the child's fitness level, the strength of the muscles, flexibility, and life span, improves happiness, keeps the child active, and provides a sense of achievement, and decrease future weight problems. CONCLUSION FOR PRACTICE: The study determined that parental inclination towards engaging in a physical activity intervention for their infants, as well as identifying any concerns that may impact their children's adherence to physical activity was satisfied.

What is already known on this subject? Youth health is crucial since cardiovascular disease and obesity are linked to sedentary behaviors in children and will persist into adulthood.What this study adds? The study addresses the concerns of parents regarding physical activities which is an emerging concern for children's health. It investigates the viewpoint of parents about physical activities and the risk of diseases that may develop due to sedentary behaviors among infants and toddlers.

Habitual physical activity and sedentary behavior as predictors of dynapenia in older adults: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dynapenia is a risk factor of mortality. Therefore, the development of low-cost and easy-to-apply tools is essential to optimize the health surveillance actions of older people. OBJECTIVES: To compare the time spent on habitual physical activity (HPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among dynapenic and non-dynapenic older adults and ascertain the predictive ability of these behaviors on outcome. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional population epidemiological survey was conducted involving 208 older adults. METHODS: HPA and SB were quantified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and dynapenia was identified by handgrip strength (women: 18.37 kgf; men: 26.75 kgf). RESULTS: The prevalence was 24.50%. In both sexes, dynapenic individuals reported a HPA median time of 70.00 minutes/week (min/wk), while non-dynapenic women and men reported HPA median times of 240.00 and 280.00 min/wk, respectively (P < 0.05). For SB among dynapenic individuals, a median of 388.75 min/day was observed in women and 428.57 min/d in men. In contrast, non-dynapenic women and men had 291.42 and 274.28 min/day in SB (P < 0.05), respectively. The best cutoff HPA to discriminate the outcome was 150.00 min/wk in women (sensitivity: 73.30%; specificity: 60.67%) and 140.00 min/wk in men (sensitivity, 71.43%; specificity, 61.54%). The best cutoff SB was 381.43 min/day in women (sensitivity, 53.30%; specificity, 84.80%) and 351.43 min/day in men (sensitivity, 71.43%; specificity, 73.85%). CONCLUSION: Older individuals with dynapenia spent less time on HPA and more time in SB. Furthermore, HPA was found to be a better discriminator of dynapenic individuals, and SB better discriminated non-dynapenic individuals.