A novel approach toward skin cancer classification through fused deep features and neutrosophic environment.

Variations in the size and texture of melanoma make the classification procedure more complex in a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system. The research proposes an innovative hybrid deep learning-based layer-fusion and neutrosophic-set technique for identifying skin lesions. The off-the-shelf networks are examined to categorize eight types of skin lesions using transfer learning on International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) 2019 skin lesion datasets. The top two networks, which are GoogleNet and DarkNet, achieved an accuracy of 77.41 and 82.42%, respectively. The proposed method works in two successive stages: first, boosting the classification accuracy of the trained networks individually. A suggested feature fusion methodology is applied to enrich the extracted features' descriptive power, which promotes the accuracy to 79.2 and 84.5%, respectively. The second stage explores how to combine these networks for further improvement. The error-correcting output codes (ECOC) paradigm is utilized for constructing a set of well-trained true and false support vector machine (SVM) classifiers via fused DarkNet and GoogleNet feature maps, respectively. The ECOC's coding matrices are designed to train each true classifier and its opponent in a one-versus-other fashion. Consequently, contradictions between true and false classifiers in terms of their classification scores create an ambiguity zone quantified by the indeterminacy set. Recent neutrosophic techniques resolve this ambiguity to tilt the balance toward the correct skin cancer class. As a result, the classification score is increased to 85.74%, outperforming the recent proposals by an obvious step. The trained models alongside the implementation of the proposed single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) will be publicly available for aiding relevant research fields.

An extended DNMA-based multi-criteria decision-making method and its application in the assessment of sustainable location for a lithium-ion batteries' manufacturing plant.

Lithium-ion battery (LiB), a leading residual energy resource for electric vehicles (EVs), involves a market presenting exponential growth with increasing global impetus towards electric mobility. To promote the sustainability perspective of the EVs industry, this paper introduces a hybridized decision support system to select the suitable location for a LiB manufacturing plant. In this study, single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) are considered to diminish the vagueness in decision-making opinions and evade flawed plant location assessments. This study divided into four phases. First, to combine the single-valued neutrosophic information, some Archimedean-Dombi operators are developed with their outstanding characteristics. Second, an innovative utilization of the Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) and Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) is discussed to obtain objective, subjective and integrated weights of criteria assessment with the least subjectivity and biasedness. Third, the Double Normalization-based Multi-Aggregation (DNMA) method is developed to prioritize the location options. Fourth, an illustrative study offers decision-making strategies for choosing a suitable location for a LiB manufacturing plant in a real-world setting. Our outcomes specify that Bangalore (L 2), with an overall utility degree (0.7579), is the best plant location for LiB manufacturing. The consistency and robustness of the presented methodology are discussed with the comparative study and sensitivity investigation. This is the first study in the current literature that has proposed an integrated methodology on SVNSs to select the best LiB manufacturing plant location by estimating both the objective and subjective weights of criteria and by considering ambiguous, inconsistent, and inexact manufacturing-based information.