Examining Daily Self-Efficacy, Minority Stressors, and Alcohol and Other Drug Use Among Trauma-Exposed Sexual Minority Women and Transgender and Gender-Diverse People.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and test a novel model integrating social-learning and self-medication frameworks by examining the association between self-efficacy to resist alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and daily AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk among trauma-exposed sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people. We examined whether minority stressors moderated these associations. METHODS: Data were from 57 trauma-exposed SMW and TGD people who participated in a 14-day daily diary study. Multilevel binary logistic models and ordinal logistic models were employed to examine associations between self-efficacy to resist AOD use and daily AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk at within- and between-person levels. We assessed same- and cross-level interactions between daily self-efficacy to resist AOD use and minority stressors in predicting AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk within the same 24-hour period (i.e., standardized as 6 pm to 6 pm; hereafter referred to as "same-day"). RESULTS: Self-efficacy to resist AOD use was associated with lower AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk. Minority stressors were associated with daily AOD use. Among those who experienced higher (vs. lower) average sexual minority stressors over the 2-week daily diary period, higher-than-usual self-efficacy to resist AOD use was less protective in decreasing risk of same-day unhealthy drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions aiming to mitigate AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk by bolstering self-efficacy to resist AOD use should consider the impact of recent cumulative exposure to sexual minority stressors in this population. Further, policy efforts are needed to reduce perpetuation of stigma.

This study explored how confidence in resisting alcohol and other drug (AOD) use relates to daily AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk among trauma-exposed sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people. We also assessed whether experiences of minority stress, such as discrimination or stigma, influenced these relationships. Fifty-seven SMW and TGD individuals participated in a 14-day daily diary study. Results showed that higher self-efficacy was linked to lower AOD use and reduced unhealthy drinking risk. However, for those who experienced greater levels of minority stress over the 2 weeks, the protective effect of self-efficacy was weaker. In these cases, even high self-efficacy was less effective at reducing unhealthy drinking on stressful days. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving self-efficacy in resisting AOD use in SMW and TGD populations should address minority stressors, and policies need to focus on reducing stigma to improve health outcomes in these communities.

Integrating social, climate and environmental changes to confront accelerating global aging.

INTRODUCTION: The global increase in the aging population presents critical challenges for healthcare systems, social security, and economic stability worldwide. Although the studies of the global rate of aging have increased more than four times in the past two decades, few studies have integrated the potential combined effects of socio-economic, climatic, and environmental factors. METHODS: We calculated the geographic heterogeneity of aging population growth rates from 218 countries between 1960 and 2022. Public databases were then integrated to assess the impacts of seven global stressors: socio-economic vulnerability, temperature, drought, seasonality, climate extremes, air pollution, and greening vulnerability on growth rates of aging population (a totally 156 countries). Linear regression models were primarily used to test the statistically significant effects of these stressors on the rate of aging, and multiple model inference was then used to test whether the number of stressors exceeding specific thresholds (e.g., > 25, 50, and 75%) was consistently significant in the best models. The importance of stressors and the number of stressors exceeding thresholds was verified using random forest models for countries experiencing different population aging rates. RESULTS: Our analysis identified significant heterogeneity in growth rates of aging population globally, with many African countries exhibiting significantly lower aging rates compared with Europe. High socio-economic vulnerability, increased climate risks (such as high temperature and intensive extreme climate), and decreased environmental quality were found to significantly increase growth rates of the aging population (P < 0.05). The positive combined impacts of these stressors were diminished at medium-high levels of stressors (i.e., relative to their maximum levels observed in nature). The number of global stressors exceeding the 25% threshold emerged as an important predictor of global aging rates. Demographic changes in regions with relatively rapid aging (e.g., Africa and Asia) are more sensitive to climate change (e.g., extreme climate and drought) and the number of global stressors, and regions with low to medium rates of aging (e.g., Europe and the Americas) are more sensitive to socio-economic vulnerability and environmental stability (e.g., drought, green fragility and air pollution). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore that policy tools or methods must be developed that consider the holistic dimension of the global factor. Further investigations are essential to understand the complex interactions between multiple stressors and their combined effects on global aging.

Safeguarding nurses' mental health: The critical role of psychosocial safety climate in mitigating relational stressors and exhaustion.

Burnout among nurses is a pervasive concern in healthcare, with profound implications for patient care and nurse well-being. While research has highlighted the detrimental effects of burnout on many aspects of nursing, including patient safety and quality of care, the underlying mechanisms driving burnout warrant further investigation. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 196 nurses from diverse Italian hospitals using an online questionnaire via Qualtrics. Our findings revealed significant negative correlations between psychological safety climate and both relational stressors and emotional exhaustion. Conversely, relational stressors positively correlated with emotional exhaustion, and a significant negative indirect effect of psychological safety climate was found for emotional exhaustion through relational stressors, emphasizing the pivotal role of psychological safety climate in mitigating nurse burnout. Our study underscores the potential effectiveness of interventions targeting psychological safety climate and relational stressors in alleviating emotional exhaustion and burnout among nurses. Theoretical implications underscore the importance of deepening the role of psychological safety climate in mitigating emotional exhaustion, while practical implications emphasize the need for fostering a positive psychological safety climate and implementing targeted interventions to support nurses' well-being.

Chili cultivars vulnerability: a multi-factorial examination of disease and pest-induced yield decline across different growing microclimates and watering regimens.

BACKGROUND: As identified by the research, it is imperative to develop effective ways to address the pressing problem of disease and pest susceptibility in chili agriculture and secure sustainable crop yield. The research examines the impact of various growing microclimates, watering regimens, and chili cultivars on disease incidence, pest attacks, and yield loss. RESULTS: The study, which took place over a season, used a randomized complete block design to evaluate how well Tanjung, Unpad, and Osaka cultivars performed in four different watering regimens (100, 75, 50, and 25% ETc) and different microclimates (greenhouse, rain shelter, screen house, and open field). The findings exhibited that watering regimens and microclimates greatly influenced disease and pest occurrence, but cultivars had a minimal effect on these variables. Disease and pest attack rates were highest in the open field and lowest in the screen house. A correlation was found between lower disease and pest incidence and optimal irrigation levels (75% and 100% ETc). At lower watering regimens of 25% ETc and in the open field, yield loss was the greatest. CONCLUSION: The results emphasize how crucial controlled environments and appropriate irrigation techniques are to reducing crop loss and increasing production. Enhancing watering regimens and implementing screen house cultivation are two strategies for improving the productivity and sustainability of chili output.

Effects of metals in sediment under acidification and temperature rise scenarios on reproduction of the copepod Nitokra sp.

The potential effects of trace metal pollution in sediment under scenarios of warming and CO2-driven acidification on the fecundity of the copepod Nitokra sp. were assessed. Ovigerous females were exposed to laboratory-spiked sediments at two different concentrations of a mixture of metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg) and to the control (non-spiked sediments), in combinations of two pH (7.7 and 7.1) and two temperatures (25 °C and 27 °C). The results revealed that CO2-driven acidification affected the fecundity of Nitokra sp. by interacting with temperature rise and metal contamination. While rising temperatures generally increased Nitokra sp. fecundity, when combined with metal addition and a CO2 acidified environment, warming led to a decline in offspring production. This is the first study with copepods to demonstrate the interactive effects of sediment contamination by metals, CO2-driven acidification, and temperature increase. Preliminary experiments are required to understand the complex interactive effects of multiple drivers.

Conceptual Considerations for Understanding Resilience in Healthcare Students.

AIMS: Increasing attention has been given to the concept resilience in the context of healthcare especially during and post the COVID pandemic. Much of the inquiry and evidence reported has focused on promoting or enhancing resilience in healthcare for improving the quality of care and reducing medical negligence. This discursive paper aims to highlight how resilience is conceptualised and identify any potential limitations or gaps in the context of healthcare students, acknowledging considerations for further development and research into this topic. DESIGN AND METHODS: This discursive discussion draws on relevant theoretical underpinnings from the fields of adjustment and coping psychology, and research and evidence from health sciences, for facilitating an understanding of resilience in supporting healthcare students to adapt into professional practice. RESULTS: Investigation of resilience in healthcare students is mainly identified at an individual level as personal traits or skills for working within complex healthcare systems and clinical environments. Less attention has been given to examining resilience at the organisation or systemic level. This is primarily because of limited frameworks for investigating resilience from a multidimensional perspective recognising a wider systemic level influenced by external factors including socioecological determinants, for example, available support services for healthcare students. CONCLUSIONS: The link between resilience and its function to mitigate against associated neuropsychological distress and subsequent pathopsychological disorders in healthcare student cohorts is recognised; however, greater understanding of resilience as a multidimensional construct is warranted. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: A multidimensional investigation of resilience is critical for the preparation and readiness of healthcare structures and organisations in facilitating the needs of healthcare students entering challenging and diverse healthcare working environments. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Daily challenge-hindrance stress and work engagement in preschool teacher: the role of affect and mindfulness.

BACKGROUND: The engagement of preschool teachers in their work is pivotal for maintaining teaching quality, ensuring teacher well-being, and fostering children's development. Despite its significance, there is limited knowledge regarding the daily fluctuations in work engagement and the underlying factors influencing it. This study, guided by the Job Demands-Resources model and Affect Event Theory, utilized an experience sampling methodology to investigate the impact of challenge and hindrance stressors on daily work engagement, as well as the mediating role of affect and the moderating effect of mindfulness. METHODS: Utilizing an experience sampling method, this study collected data from 220 preschool teachers in Shanghai over five consecutive workdays, conducting surveys once daily. Data analysis was performed using multilevel linear models. RESULTS: The results from multilevel regression indicated that: (1) daily challenge stressors were positively related to work engagement, (2) daily hindrance stressors were negatively related to work engagement, (3) daily positive affect mediated the relationship between challenge stressors and work engagement, (4) daily negative affect mediated the relationship between hindrance stressors and work engagement, and (5) daily mindfulness played a crucial moderating role by alleviating the adverse effects of hindrance stressors on daily negative affect. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable insights into the daily experiences of preschool teachers and the factors that influence their work engagement. Understanding the impact of stressors, affect, and mindfulness on work engagement can inform the development of interventions and strategies to improve teacher well-being and work engagement.

Adolescent resilience in the face of COVID-19 stressors: the role of trauma and protective factors.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unique stressors that posed significant threats to adolescent mental health. However, limited research has examined the impact of trauma exposure on vulnerability to subsequent stressor-related mental health outcomes in adolescents. Furthermore, it is unclear whether there are protective factors that promote resilience against the negative impacts of COVID-19 stressors in adolescents with prior trauma exposure. This preregistered study aimed to investigate the impact of trauma on COVID-19 stressor-related mental health difficulties in adolescents, in addition to the role of protective factors. METHODS: Aims were investigated in a sample of 9696 adolescents (mean age 12.85 ± 0.88 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to examine (a) the associations of early trauma exposure (exposed v. non-exposed), COVID-19 stressors, and perceived stress, sadness, and positive affect levels during the pandemic period in the US, and (b) the role of protective factors (physical activity, parental support, and improvements in family and peer relationships) in these associations. RESULTS: There was a positive association between COVID-19 stressors and sadness, which was enhanced in trauma-exposed adolescents. Improvements in family and peer relationships mitigated the association between COVID-19 stressors and poor mental health outcomes, regardless of prior traumatic experience. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that prior trauma elevates risk of mental health difficulties in the face of future stressors. Results underscore the protective role of enhanced social relationships as targets for early prevention and intervention in those experiencing acute stressors, regardless of prior traumatic experiences.

Seizing the moments and lessons learned from the global response to COVID-19 pandemic: Creating a platform to shape the scientific and public discourse of research on adolescence.

COVID-19 response offers a model to guide research and preventive interventions targeting adolescents, their families, and communities. My 2022 SRA Presidential Address posed: What if the COVID-19 Response Served as a Guidepost for Future Research on Adolescence? Solution versus Problem-Focused Agenda. Several "pandemics" were already underway, emerging from historic and contemporary events that threaten the safety and survival of human lives. The Multi-Transgenerational Life Course Theoretical model was selected to demonstrate pathways through which the transmission of generational exposure to crisis and trauma impact adolescents' developmental trajectories. Recommendations to inform and guide an adolescent research rapid response agenda are proposed minds to advance equity and social justice can become realities.

Differential effects of lifetime stressors on major depressive disorder severity: a longitudinal community-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Stressors across the lifespan are associated with the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) and increased severity of depressive symptoms. However, it is unclear how lifetime stressors are related to specific MDD subtypes. The present study aims to examine the relationships between MDD subtypes and stressors experienced across the lifespan while considering potential confounders. METHODS: Data analyzed were from the Zone d'Épidémiologie Psychiatrique du Sud-Ouest de Montréal (N = 1351). Lifetime stressors included childhood maltreatment, child-parent bonding, and stressful life events. Person-centered analyses were used to identify the clusters/profiles of the studied variables and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between stressors and identified MDD subtypes. Intersectional analysis was applied to further examine how distal stressors interact with proximal stressors to impact the development of MDD subtypes. RESULTS: There was a significant association between proximal stressors and melancholic depression, whereas severe atypical depression and moderate depression were only associated with some domains of stressful life events. Additionally, those with severe atypical depression and melancholic depression were more likely to be exposed to distal stressors such as childhood maltreatment. The combinations of distal and proximal stressors predicted a greater risk of all MDD subtypes except for moderate atypical depression. CONCLUSIONS: MDD was characterized into four subtypes based on depressive symptoms and severity. Different stressor profiles were linked with various MDD subtypes. More specific interventions and clinical management are called to provide precision treatment for MDD patients with unique stressor profiles and MDD subtypes.

The association of multi-system conditions on mental health trajectories during naval deployment.

This study seeks to enhance understanding of mental health trajectories across Navy deployments and the predictors of those trajectories by exploring a range of job design and individual-level factors. Personnel from the Royal Australian Navy were surveyed on pre-deployment, mid-deployment, and post-deployment. At pre-deployment, there were 559 (Mage = 30.19; male = 75.5%) survey responses, N = 112 survey responses could be linked at all time points (retention rate of 20.04% across all time points), and 314 personnel (56.2%) responded at least twice. Latent class growth analyses and growth mixture models were used to determine the trajectories that best fit the data. Separate models were developed for each of the mental health outcomes studied (i.e. psychological distress, perceived resilience, and perceived stress), plus a latent outcome representing a summary measure of psychological ill-health. This latent outcome, estimated as the most comprehensive assessment approach, was used to evaluate all 33 predictors. Consistent with previous work, we identified between two and four trajectories reflecting resilient/low symptom trajectories and heterogeneous symptom trajectories. There were a greater proportion of personnel in the heterogeneous symptom trajectories than identified in previous research. A key contribution of this work is the thorough comparison and ranking of factors that influence the deployment experience. We emphasize the importance of role demands and resources in determining these trajectories when compared directly to self-regulation strategies. Study findings highlight important implications for job design for military personnel during deployment and underscore the importance of adopting a holistic system approach to well-being.

Stress of soil moisture and temperature exacerbates the toxicity of tire wear particles to soil fauna: Tracking the role of additives through host microbiota.

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are considered as an emerging threat to soil fauna. However, how TWP toxicity to soil fauna responds to the stress of soil moisture and temperature remains unclear. We assessed the toxicity of environmentally relevant TWPs to the soil model species Enchytraeus crypticus under three soil moisture and two temperature gradients. Typical thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) was selected for comparison. Results showed that compared with PP, TWPs exerted stronger toxicity, including decreasing the worm growth, survival and reproduction rates, disturbing the soil and worm gut microbiota, and leaching more diverse and higher contents of additives. Stress of soil moisture and temperature exacerbated TWP toxicity mainly through affecting the leaching and transformation of additives. Fourteen mediated additives significantly contributed to the shift of the gut microbiota under soil moisture and temperature stress, among which 1,3-diphenylguanidine, N,N'-bis(methylphenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine quinone, N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, and 2-aminobenzothiazole were identified as the main drivers. In addition, this study provided the first clear evidence that increased soil moisture and temperature promoted the transformation of additives in the soil. Our study revealed the non-negligible aggravated toxicity of TWPs to soil fauna under stress of soil moisture and temperature, providing novel insights into the environmental behavior of additives.

COVID-19's Impact in Long-Term Care Facilities: The Health and Coping Strategies of Older Adults and Their Families.

AIM: Describe the stressors that long-term care facility (LTCF) residents and their family members were exposed to during the COVID-19 pandemic, the resources they mobilised to cope with them, and the strategies used by professionals to support them. DESIGN: A descriptive qualitative design study. METHOD: Between March 2021 and February 2022, we carried out semi-structured interviews with 8 LTCF residents, 11 family members, and 6 focus groups made up of healthcare and support staff from 8 LTCFs. RESULTS: Three themes emerged: (1) residents and family members: separated and suffering, (2) residents and family members: reinventing themselves, and (3) staff: attempts to maintain residents' well-being. CONCLUSION: LTCF Residents' and their family members' exposure to the various stressors linked to the COVID-19 pandemic generated suffering. Healthcare and support staff implemented strategies to support them, notably to maintain links between them. Some deep reflection must occur on the concepts of LTCF residents' autonomy and self-determination when implementing protective measures in future pandemic situations. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: This study has provided new insights into the nature of the stressors faced by LTCF residents and their families, and the measures implemented by professionals to support them. The role of the families of LTCF residents needs to be better recognised. Our results indicate the importance of involving nurses in discussions on patient autonomy and self-determination when implementing protective measures (in a pandemic situation). IMPACT: Exploring the nature of the stressors experienced by LTCF residents and their families enables professionals to tailor strategies to support them. Maintaining residents' self-determination is essential when implementing protective measures. Families involved with residents must be recognised and included in the assessment of stressors and the personalisation and implementation of strategies to support LTCF residents. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No Patient or Public Contribution.

Synergistic interaction between a toxicant and food stress is further exacerbated by temperature.

Global biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate in response to multiple environmental stressors. Effective biodiversity management requires deeper understanding of the relevant mechanisms behind such ecological impacts. A key challenge is understanding synergistic interactions between multiple stressors and predicting their combined effects. Here we used Daphnia magna to investigate the interaction between a pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate and two non-chemical environmental stressors: elevated temperature and food limitation. We hypothesized that the stressors with different modes of action can act synergistically. Our findings showed additive effects of food limitation and elevated temperature (25 °C, null model effect addition (EA)) with model deviation ratio (MDR) ranging from 0.7 to 0.9. In contrast, we observed strong synergistic interactions between esfenvalerate and food limitation at 20 °C, considerably further amplified at 25 °C. Additionally, for all stress combinations, the synergism intensified over time indicating the latent effects of the pesticide. Consequently, multiple stress substantially reduced the lethal concentration of esfenvalerate by a factor of 19 for the LC50 (0.45-0.024 µg/L) and 130 for the LC10 (0.096-0.00074 µg/L). The stress addition model (SAM) predicted increasing synergistic interactions among stressors with increasing total stress.

Daily Effects of Challenge and Hindrance Stressors on Work-to-Family Spillover: The Moderating Effects of Engaging in Workaholic Behaviors.

This study seeks to investigate the effects of challenge and hindrance stressors, and the moderating role of workaholic behaviors in predicting work-to-family positive and negative spillover. Non-instructional personnel at a public university completed measures of stressors and workaholic behaviors during the workday and work-to-family spillover before going to bed over a period of five weekdays (Level-1 N = 386; Level-2 N = 106). Results from multilevel regression indicated that challenge stressors exhibited no relationship with work-to-family positive or negative spillover, while hindrance stressors were positively related to negative work-to-family spillover. Additionally, workday hindrance, but not challenge, stressors interacted with workaholic behaviors to predict nightly work-to-family positive and negative spillover. Our findings highlight the detrimental effects of hindrance stressors on days when employees engage in workaholic behaviors and offer insights regarding reducing such stressors in the workplace.

Stressors during the prodromal phase of major depressive episode (CHR-D).

Introduction: Early recognition and indicated prevention is a promising approach to decrease the incidence of Major depressive episodes (MDE), targeting the patients during their clinical high-risk state of MDE (CHR-D). The identification of a set of stressors at the CHR-D increases the success of indicated prevention with personalized early interventions. The study evaluated stressors in the early phase of depression, developed on the basis of a patient survey on stressors. Methods: Sixty-eight inpatients (ICD10: F3x.xx) with a reported high risk state for major depressive episode (CHR-D) were included in the current study. Stressors during CHR-D were retrospectively explored using a semi-structured clinical interview supplemented by open-ended questions. A qualitative explorative content analysis was provided to identify a pattern of stressors during the prodromal phase of the patients, based on the patient's perspective. A frequency analysis was performed for the evaluation of the prevalence of reported source of stress. Results: All patients reported stressors in the prodromal phase of depression. Results demonstrates that patients with depressive disorder typically report multiple stressors, with the most common number being four. First, 18 stressors-groups were identified during coding. Interpersonal conflicts and disappointments in close relationships were most frequently reported stressors during the prodromal phase at 44.1%. The second most frequent stressor mentioned was the high qualitative or quantitative demands at work (38.2%). The third frequent source of stress was changes in close relationships and in family relationships (33.8%). Based on the categories of stressors described in the patient survey during the prodromal phase we suggested a model of stressors in CHR-D during the prodromal phase of the MDE. Discussion: The identification of a set of stressors at the early stage of MDE may increase opportunities for early intervention. In everyday clinical practice, preventive psychiatry needs clinical and adapted instruments for recording stressors in today's society. This knowledge is necessary in order to develop precisely indicated prevention for depressive disorders.

Stressors and suicidal ideation in low-income adults in Malaysia: A serial mediation analysis of social support and mental health symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Studies have documented a heightened risk of suicidal ideation in response to stressors, especially among people from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. However, the mechanisms of this association remain elusive. AIMS: Drawing on the social deterioration and counteractive models, this study aims to elucidate the pathways linking stressors to suicidal ideation through serial mediation of social support and mental health symptoms in Malaysia. METHOD: Data were collected from 404 low-income adults (33.2% male and 66.8% female) receiving monthly financial assistance from Malaysia's social welfare department. We employed stressor measures (i.e. financial, family and work), the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised. RESULTS: A total of 46.8% of participants reported mild-to-severe anxiety and depressive symptoms, with 11.1% classified as high risk for suicide. Direct and indirect effects were found. After controlling for age and gender, social support and mental health symptoms mediated the link between stressors and suicidal ideation. The serial mediation analysis indicates that stressors are connected to heightened suicidal ideation through a sequence involving insufficient social support, followed by elevated levels of mental health symptoms. CONCLUSION: Understanding the multifaceted relationships among stressors, social support, mental health symptoms and suicide ideation expands the potential for developing targeted interventions and preventive strategies tailored for vulnerable populations. Clinical work with low-income individuals may include implementing early systematic efforts to develop accessible mental health and integrated care services.

Coral Community Composition Linked to Hypoxia Exposure.

Tropical reef ecosystems are strongly influenced by the composition of coral species, but the factors influencing coral diversity and distributions are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that large variations in the relative abundance of three major coral species across adjacent Caribbean reef sites are strongly related to their different low O2 tolerances. In laboratory experiments designed to mimic reef conditions, the cumulative effect of repeated nightly low O2 drove coral bleaching and mortality, with limited modulation by temperature. After four nights of repeated low O2, species responses also varied widely, from > 50% bleaching in Acropora cervicornis to no discernable sensitivity of Porites furcata. A simple metric of hypoxic pressure that combines these experimentally derived species sensitivities with high-resolution field data accurately predicts the observed relative abundance of species across three reefs. Only the well-oxygenated reef supported the framework-building hypoxia-sensitive Acropora cervicornis, while the hypoxia-tolerant weedy species Porites furcata was dominant on the most frequently O2-deplete reef. Physiological exclusion of acroporids from these O2-deplete reefs underscores the need for hypoxia management to reduce extirpation risk.

A Dirt(y) World in a Changing Climate: Importance of Heat Stress in the Risk Assessment of Pesticides for Soil Arthropods.

The rise in global temperatures and increasing severity of heat waves pose significant threats to soil organisms, disrupting ecological balances in soil communities. Additionally, the implications of environmental pollution are exacerbated in a warmer world, as changes in temperature affect the uptake, transformation and elimination of toxicants, thereby increasing the vulnerability of organisms. Nevertheless, our understanding of such processes remains largely unexplored. The present study examines the impact of high temperatures on the uptake and effects of the fungicide fluazinam on the springtail Folsomia candida (Collembola, Isotomidae). Conducted under non-optimum but realistic high temperatures, the experiments revealed that increased temperature hampered detoxification processes in F. candida, enhancing the toxic effects of fluazinam. High temperatures and the fungicide exerted synergistic interactions, reducing F. candida's reproduction and increasing adult mortality beyond what would be predicted by simple addition of the heat and chemical effects. These findings highlight the need to reevaluate the current ecological risk assessment and the regulatory framework in response to climate changes. This research enhances our understanding of how global warming affects the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics (TK-TD) of chemicals in terrestrial invertebrates. In conclusion, our results suggest that adjustments to regulatory threshold values are necessary to address the impact of a changing climate.