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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(16)2021 Aug 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34445654

RESUMEN

Rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foam formulations were modified by evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) oil cake as a bio-filler in the amount of 5 to 50 wt.%. The obtained foams were tested in terms of processing parameters, cellular structure (SEM analysis), physico-mechanical properties (apparent density, compressive strength, brittleness, accelerated aging tests), thermal insulation properties (thermal conductivity coefficient, closed cells content, absorbability and water absorption), flammability, smoke emission, and thermal properties. The obtained results showed that the amount of bio-filler had a significant influence on the morphology of the modified foams. Thorough mixing of the polyurethane premix allowed better homogenization of the bio-filler in the polyurethane matrix, resulting in a regular cellular structure. This resulted in an improvement in the physico-mechanical and thermal insulation properties as well as a reduction in the flammability of the obtained materials. This research provided important information on the management of the waste product from the edible oil industry and the production process of fire-safe RPU/PIR foams with improved performance properties. Due to these beneficial effects, it was found that the use of evening primrose oil cake as a bio-filler for RPU/PIR foams opens a new way of waste management to obtain new "green" materials.


Asunto(s)
Ácidos Linoleicos/química , Oenothera biennis/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Polímeros/química , Poliuretanos/química , Triazinas/química , Residuos/análisis , Ácido gammalinolénico/química
2.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 186: 820-828, 2021 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34280445

RESUMEN

Recently, food industries are directing on the promotion of innovative food matrices fortified with bioactive compounds in order to enhance the consumer's health. Octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches (OSA-MS) such as Hi-cap100 (HCP) and purity gum 2000 (PUG) were used to fabricate emulsions co-entrapped with borage seed oil (BSO), resveratrol (RES) and curcumin (CUR), which were further spray dried to obtain powders. The fabricated microcapsules loaded with BSO, RES, and CUR displayed excellent dissolution performance, high encapsulation efficiency (≈93.05%) as well as semi-spherical shape, revealed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also evaluated the impact of storage time (4 weeks) and temperature (40 °C) on the physicochemical characterization of OSA-MS coated microcapsules. Microcapsules coated with HCP exhibited greater oxidative stability, lower water activity and moisture contents rather than PUG coated microcapsules during storage because of its good film-forming properties. Addition of CUR enhanced the oxidative stability and retention of bioactive compounds. HCP microcapsules loaded with BSO + RES + CUR presented supreme retention of RES (70.32%), CUR 81.6% and γ-linolenic acid (≈ 96%). Our findings showed that CUR acted as an antioxidant agent; also, lower molecular weight OSA-MS as wall material could be used for the entrapment of bioactive compounds and promotion of innovative food products.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Curcumina/química , Portadores de Fármacos , Nanopartículas , Aceites de Plantas/química , Resveratrol/química , Almidón/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Composición de Medicamentos , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Almacenaje de Medicamentos , Emulsiones , Nanotecnología , Oxidación-Reducción , Polvos , Secado por Pulverización , Almidón/análogos & derivados , Factores de Tiempo
3.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; 57(17): 2180-2183, 2021 Mar 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33527102

RESUMEN

γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is reported to show tumor-selective cytotoxicity through unidentified mechanisms. Here, to assess the involvement of oxidized metabolites of GLA, we synthesized several deuterated GLAs and evaluated their metabolism and cytotoxicity towards normal human fibroblast WI-38 cells and VA-13 tumor cells generated from WI-38 by transformation with SV40 virus. Deuteration of GLA suppressed both metabolism and cytotoxicity towards WI-38 cells and increased the selectivity for VA-13 cells. Fully deuterated GLA was visualized by Raman imaging, which indicated that GLA is accumulated in intracellular lipid droplets of VA-13 cells. Our results suggest the tumor-selective cytotoxicity is due to GLA itself, not its oxidized metabolites.


Asunto(s)
Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Deuterio , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Espectrometría Raman
4.
Lipids ; 55(6): 649-659, 2020 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33128473

RESUMEN

In the present study, we demonstrated that borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil subjected to immobilized lipase pretreatment are enriched with linoleic acid (LNA, 18:2n-6), γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6), and oleic acid (OLA, 18:1n-9). We further showed that lipase-treated borage oil (LT-BOL) regulates the activity and degradation of tyrosinase, an important enzyme implicated in the synthesis of melanin in murine melanocytes, B16F10. LT-BOL and its free fatty acid components reduced the levels of melanin and tyrosinase in melanocytes with GLA exerting similar or stronger effects compared with LNA and OLA. The brightening efficacy of LT-BOL on melanin metabolism in humans was tested by an 8-week, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, which enrolled 21 Korean female adults (mean age 48.57 ± 3.28). Visual evaluation showed that cream containing 1% LT-BOL significantly decreased (p < 0.05) melasma on the treated skin area after 6 and 8 weeks. The analysis of the skin brightness using Chromameter CR-400 confirmed that the brightness of the treated area was significantly increased (p < 0.01) after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Together, our results suggest that LT-BOL may be suitable as a natural skin whitening cosmeceutical product.


Asunto(s)
Lipasa/química , Melanocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Preparaciones para Aclaramiento de la Piel/farmacología , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/farmacología , Camellia/química , Método Doble Ciego , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/química , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/química , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Melaninas/análisis , Melaninas/metabolismo , Melanocitos/fisiología , Melanoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma Experimental/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Preparaciones para Aclaramiento de la Piel/química
5.
Phytother Res ; 34(10): 2628-2638, 2020 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32441049

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that evening primrose oil (EPO) supplementation might be effective in improving lipid profile, however, the results are inconsistent. This study was performed to determine the direction and magnitude of the EPO effect on the lipid profile. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar were searched up to September-2019. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Lipid profile including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was considered as the primary outcome. RESULTS: A total of 926 articles were identified through database searching, of which, six RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. There were six studies on HDL, TC, and TG and four studies on LDL. EPO supplementation had no significant effect on TC, TG, LDL, and HDL. However, in subgroup analysis, a significant reduction in TG at a dose of ≤4 g/day (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -37.28 mg/dl; 95% CI: -73.53 to -1.03, p = .044) and a significant increase in HDL in hyperlipidemic subjects (WMD = 5.468 mg/dl; 95% CI: 1.323 to 9.614, p = .010) was found. CONCLUSION: Oral intake of EPO at a dose of ≤4 g/day significantly reduces serum TG levels and significantly increases HDL levels in hyperlipidemic subjects.


Asunto(s)
Ácidos Linoleicos/química , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Lípidos/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Humanos , Oenothera biennis , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto
6.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 153: 697-707, 2020 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32112831

RESUMEN

Borage seed oil (BSO) is one of the richest sources of γ-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, which are considered to retain plenty of health promoting benefits. However, its application in functional foods and dietary supplements remains limited owing to its superior vulnerability to oxidation. To solve this problem, ultrasound-assisted BSO-loaded nanoemulsions were prepared with modified starch incorporating different concentrations of peppermint oil (PO), as a natural antioxidant. The influence of different PO levels on the mean droplet size, rheology attributes, and oxidative stability of nanoemulsions stored at various temperatures (4, 25, and 40 °C) during 30 days storage was analyzed. In addition, DPPH and ABTS assays were used to determine the antioxidant activity and antioxidant capacity of BSO-loaded nanoemulsions, respectively. The optimized formulation (NE3; 5:5% v/v PO: BSO) exhibited a slight change in droplet size and oxidative stability at all temperatures during storage compared to other formulations. At a concentration of 328.08 µL/mL, formulation NE3 presented the minimum DPPH IC50 at 40 °C, which was lower than other formulations. The findings of this study revealed that the maximum retained antioxidant capacity (99.42 µg Trolox/mL) was related to NE3 comprising (5:5% v/v PO: BSO) stored at 40 °C for 30 days; which could be accredited to the role of PO as a natural antioxidant in order to improve the oxidative stability of nanoemulsion delivery system. Taken together, co-encapsulation of BSO and PO within nanoemulsions provides novel insights regarding the development of functional foods, dietary supplements and beverages.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Almidón/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Emulsiones , Mentha piperita
7.
J Chromatogr A ; 1609: 460461, 2020 Jan 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31445805

RESUMEN

α-Linolenic acid (ALA) and its most important positional isomer γ-linolenic acid (GLA), are essential fatty acids (vitamin F). Therefore, ALA- and GLA-rich edible oils hold great potential in human and animal nutrition, as well as in nutraceutics and cosmetics. Quality control and nutritional validation of oil products is thus of increasing importance. In the present study, the cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate)-based chiral stationary phase was successfully used for separation of ALA and GLA, a major challenge in the liquid chromatography of these isomers. The chromatographic conditions were firstly optimized on a HPLC system with UV detection, and the use of a reversed-phase eluent system made up of aqueous 10 mM ammonium acetate/acetonitrile (40/60, v/v; wspH6.0) with a 25 °C column temperature resulted optimal for the simultaneous discrimination of the two isomers at a 0.5 mL/min flow rate (α = 1.10; RS = 1.21). The method was then optimized for LC-MS/MS implementation. The proposed innovative separation method holds a great potential for the quantification of ALA and GLA in food and biological matrices, thus opening the way to further investigations involving the two positional isomers.


Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/aislamiento & purificación , Ácido gammalinolénico/aislamiento & purificación , Celulosa/análogos & derivados , Celulosa/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/instrumentación , Humanos , Isomerismo , Fenilcarbamatos/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Temperatura , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/química
8.
Eur J Nutr ; 59(6): 2481-2496, 2020 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31562532

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: We hypothesize that different types of dietary fatty acids (FAs) affect gastrointestinal (GI) motility and visceromotor function and that this effect can be regulated by the fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). METHODS: Mice were fed for 60 days with standard diet (STD), STD with 7% (by weight) coconut oil, rich in medium-chain FAs (MCFAs) (COCO), or with 7% evening primrose oil, rich in long-chain FAs (LCFAs) (EPO). In each group, half of the mice received FABP4 inhibitor, BMS309403 (1 mg/kg; i.p.) twice a week. Body weight (BW) and food intake were measured; well-established tests were performed to characterize the changes in GI motility and visceral pain. White adipose tissue and colonic samples were collected for cell culturing and molecular studies. RESULTS: COCO significantly increased GI transit, but not colonic motility. COCO and EPO delayed the onset of diarrhea, but none affected the effect of loperamide. EPO reduced BW and increased the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD). COCO and EPO reduced differentiation of preadipocytes. Treatment with BMS309403: (1) reversed the effects induced by COCO in physiological conditions and in mouse models of diarrhea; (2) prevented the effects of EPO on BW, VMR to CRD and castor oil-induced diarrhea; (3) affected proliferation of preadipocytes; (4) changed the expression of Fabp4 in colonic and adipocyte samples from COCO and EPO. CONCLUSION: Modifying dietary intake of MCFAs and LCFAs may be used to control GI motility or visceral pain and thus modulate the symptoms of functional GI disorders. The effect is dependent on the expression of FABP4.


Asunto(s)
Grasas de la Dieta/farmacología , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácidos Grasos/farmacología , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Dolor Visceral/dietoterapia , Animales , Aceite de Coco/química , Aceite de Coco/farmacología , Diarrea/dietoterapia , Dietoterapia , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Linoleicos/química , Ácidos Linoleicos/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Oenothera biennis , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/farmacología
9.
Food Chem ; 310: 125927, 2020 Apr 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31835232

RESUMEN

Two filamentous fungi (Actinomucor elegans and Umbelopsis isabellina), were tested for their ability to enrich white grape pomace simultaneously with both γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and carotenoids through solid-state fermentation (SSF) processes. U. isabellina presented higher ability to produce GLA-rich lipids (composed mainly of neutral fractions) than A. elegans (the 6-th day of SSF: 378.85 mg/100 g of pomace -U. isabellina and 193.36 mg/100 g of pomace- A. elegans). The amounts of ß-carotene and lutein for both SSFs gradually increased until the end of the fermentation processes. The effect of fermentation time on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of grape pomace was also studied. The SSF with A. elegans increased significantly total phenolic and flavonoid contents and DPPH scavenging activity of grape popmace. These bioprocessed grape pomaces with significant amounts of carotenoids and GLA-rich lipids (>94% nutritionally-valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position) could be very attractive for food industry.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Carotenoides/química , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Hongos no Clasificados/metabolismo , Vitis/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Fermentación , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Lípidos/análisis , Lípidos/química , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/metabolismo , beta Caroteno/metabolismo , Ácido gammalinolénico/metabolismo
10.
Nutrients ; 11(11)2019 Nov 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31752143

RESUMEN

Triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism is related to the acyl-ceramide (Cer) synthesis and corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE) formation involved in maintaining the epidermal barrier. Prompted by the recovery of a disrupted epidermal barrier with dietary borage oil (BO: 40.9% linoleic acid (LNA) and 24.0% γ-linolenic acid (GLA)) in essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency, lipidomic and transcriptome analyses and subsequent quantitative RT-PCR were performed to determine the effects of borage oil (BO) on TAG content and species, and the gene expression related to overall lipid metabolism. Dietary BO for 2 weeks in EFA-deficient guinea pigs increased the total TAG content, including the TAG species esterified LNA, GLA, and their C20 metabolized fatty acids. Moreover, the expression levels of genes in the monoacylglycerol and glycerol-3-phosphate pathways, two major pathways of TAG synthesis, increased, along with those of TAG lipase, acyl-Cer synthesis, and CLE formation. Dietary BO enhanced TAG content, the gene expression of TAG metabolism, acyl-Cer synthesis, and CLE formation.


Asunto(s)
Ceramidas/biosíntesis , Epidermis/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Ácido gammalinolénico/administración & dosificación , 1-Acilglicerol-3-Fosfato O-Aciltransferasa/genética , Aciltransferasas/genética , Animales , Diacilglicerol O-Acetiltransferasa/genética , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Esenciales/deficiencia , Expresión Génica , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Cobayas , Ácido Linoleico/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Modelos Animales , Aceites de Plantas/química , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Triglicéridos/administración & dosificación , Ácido gammalinolénico/química
11.
Food Chem ; 293: 323-332, 2019 Sep 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31151619

RESUMEN

This paper proposes the use of random forest for adulteration detection purposes, combining the random forest algorithm with the artificial generation of outliers from the authentic samples. This proposal was applied in two food adulteration studies: evening primrose oils using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ground nutmeg using NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The primrose oil was adulterated with soybean, corn and sunflower oils, and the model was validated using these adulterated oils and other different oils, such as rosehip and andiroba, in pure and adulterated forms. The ground nutmeg was adulterated with cumin, commercial monosodium glutamate, soil, roasted coffee husks and wood sawdust. For the primrose oil, the proposed method presented superior performance than PLS-DA and similar performance to SIMCA and for the ground nutmeg, the random forest was superior to PLS-DA and SIMCA. Also, in both applications using the random forest, no sample was excluded from the external validation set.


Asunto(s)
Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Ácidos Linoleicos/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Aceite de Maíz/análisis , Límite de Detección , Myristica/química , Oenothera biennis , Aceite de Soja/análisis , Aceite de Girasol/análisis
12.
Lipids Health Dis ; 18(1): 53, 2019 Feb 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30764880

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Supplemented fatty acids can incorporate into cardiolipin (CL) and affect its remodeling. The change in CL species may alter the mitochondrial membrane composition, potentially disturbing the mitochondrial structure and function during inflammation. METHOD: To investigate the effect of the unsaturation of fatty acids on CL, we supplemented macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells with 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid (OA, 18:1), linoleic acid (LA, 18:2), α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3), γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3), and stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4). Mitochondrial changes in CL were measured through mass spectrometry. RESULT: Our data indicated that OA(18:1) was the most efficient fatty acid that incorporated into CL, forming symmetrical CL without fatty acid elongation and desaturation. In addition, LA(18:2) and ALA(18:3) were further elongated before incorporation, significantly increasing the number of double bonds and the chain length of CL. GLA and SDA were not optimal substrates for remodeling enzymes. The findings of RT-qPCR experiments revealed that none of these changes in CL occurred through the regulation of CL remodeling- or synthesis-related genes. The fatty acid desaturase and transportation genes-Fads2 and Cpt1a, respectively-were differentially regulated by the supplementation of five unsaturated 18-carbon fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS: The process of fatty acid incorporation to CL was regulated by the fatty acid desaturation and transportation into mitochondria in macrophage. The double bonds of fatty acids significantly affect the incorporation process and preference. Intact OA(18:1) was incorporated to CL; LA(18:2) and ALA(18:3) were desaturated and elongated to long chain fatty acid before the incorporation; GLA(18:3) and SDA(18:4) were unfavorable for the CL incorporation.


Asunto(s)
Cardiolipinas/biosíntesis , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Ácido Linoleico/farmacología , Membranas Mitocondriales/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Oléico/farmacología , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/farmacología , Ácido gammalinolénico/farmacología , Animales , Transporte Biológico , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferasa/genética , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferasa/metabolismo , Ácido Graso Desaturasas/genética , Ácido Graso Desaturasas/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/química , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Ácido Linoleico/química , Ácido Linoleico/metabolismo , Ratones , Mitocondrias/química , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Membranas Mitocondriales/química , Membranas Mitocondriales/metabolismo , Ácido Oléico/química , Ácido Oléico/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/química , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/metabolismo , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/metabolismo
13.
Food Funct ; 9(8): 4340-4351, 2018 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30043014

RESUMEN

Obesity is a medical condition with increasing prevalence, characterized by an accumulation of excess fat that could be improved using some bioactive compounds. However, many of these compounds with in vitro activity fail to respond in vivo, probably due to the sophistication of the physiological energy regulatory networks. In this context, C. elegans has emerged as a plausible model for the identification and characterization of the effect of such compounds on fat storage in a complete organism. However, the results obtained in such a simple model are not easily extrapolated to more complex organisms such as mammals, which hinders its application in the short term. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain new experimental data about the evolutionary conservation of the mechanisms of fat loss between worms and mammals. Previously, we found that some omega-6 fatty acids promote fat loss in C. elegans by up-regulation of peroxisomal fatty acid ß-oxidation in an omega-3 independent manner. In this work, we prove that the omega-6 fatty acids' effects on worms are also seen when they are supplemented with a natural omega-6 source (borage seed oil, BSO). Additionally, we explore the anti-obesity effects of two doses of BSO in a diet-induced obesity rat model, validating the up-regulation of peroxisomal fatty acid ß-oxidation. The supplementation with BSO significantly reduces body weight gain and energy efficiency and prevents white adipose tissue accumulation without affecting food intake. Moreover, BSO also increases serum HDL-cholesterol levels, improves insulin resistance and promotes the down-regulation of Cebpa, an adipogenesis-related gene. Therefore, we conclude that the effects of omega-6 fatty acids are highly conserved between worms and obesity-induced mammals, so these compounds could be considered to treat or prevent obesity-related disorders.


Asunto(s)
Borago/química , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6/metabolismo , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Peroxisomas/metabolismo , Aceites de Plantas/metabolismo , Ácido gammalinolénico/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo , Animales , Borago/metabolismo , Proteínas Potenciadoras de Unión a CCAAT/genética , Proteínas Potenciadoras de Unión a CCAAT/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Colesterol/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6/análisis , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad/genética , Obesidad/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Peroxisomas/genética , Aceites de Plantas/química , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Ácido gammalinolénico/química
14.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol ; 45(4): 281-291, 2018 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29442208

RESUMEN

Thioesterases (TEs) play an essential role in the metabolism of fatty acids (FAs). To explore the role of TEs in mediating intracellular lipid metabolism in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina, the acyl-CoA thioesterase ACOT8I was overexpressed. The contents of total fatty acids (TFAs) were the same in the recombinant strains as in the wild-type M. alpina, whilst the production of free fatty acids (FFAs) was enhanced from about 0.9% (wild-type) to 2.8% (recombinant), a roughly threefold increase. Linoleic acid content in FFA form constituted about 9% of the TFAs in the FFA fraction in the recombinant strains but only about 1.3% in the wild-type M. alpina. The gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid contents in FFA form accounted for about 4 and 25%, respectively, of the TFAs in the FFA fraction in the recombinant strains, whilst neither of them in FFA form were detected in the wild-type M. alpina. Overexpression of the TE ACOT8I in the oleaginous fungus M. alpina reinforced the flux from acyl-CoAs to FFAs, improved the production of FFAs and tailored the FA profiles of the lipid species.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Araquidónico/química , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/química , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Mortierella/metabolismo , Palmitoil-CoA Hidrolasa/metabolismo , Biomasa , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , ADN/química , ADN de Hongos/genética , Fermentación , Glucosa/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ácido Linoleico/química , Lípidos/química , Consumo de Oxígeno , Isoformas de Proteínas , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/química
15.
J Sci Food Agric ; 98(3): 896-904, 2018 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28686292

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Borage oil is a rich commercial source of γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6). However, borage oil is rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vulnerable to oxidation. Thus, selecting appropriate wall materials is critical to the encapsulation of borage oil. The present study investigated the influence of wall materials on the physicochemical characteristics and stability of microencapsulated borage oil by spray drying. Blends of milk protein [sodium caseinate (CAS) or whey protein concentrate], ß-glucan (GLU) and maltodextrin (MD) were used as the wall materials for encapsulating borage oil. RESULTS: The microencapsulation of borage oil with different wall materials attained high encapsulation efficiencies. The microencapsulated borage oil prepared with CAS-MD achieved the optimal encapsulation efficiency of 96.62%. The oxidative stabilities of borage oil and microencapsulated borage oil were measured by accelerated storage test at 45 °C and 33% relative humidity for 30 days. The microencapsulated borage oil presented lower peroxide values than those of borage oil, and the microcapsules prepared with CAS-10GLU-MD (consisting of CAS 50 g kg-1 , GLU 100 g kg-1 and MD 475 g kg-1 of microencapsulation) conferred borage oil with high protection against lipid oxidation. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study demonstrate that the CAS-GLU-MD blend is appropriate for microencapsulating borage oil. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.


Asunto(s)
Portadores de Fármacos/química , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Proteínas de la Leche/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Polisacáridos/química , beta-Glucanos/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Animales , Cápsulas/química , Bovinos , Composición de Medicamentos/instrumentación , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Oxidación-Reducción
16.
Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med ; 14(4): 169-179, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28638880

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Borage (Borago officinal L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of great interest because its oil contains a high percentage of γ-linolenic acid (GLA). The present work was carried out to detect fatty acids composition of the oil extracted from borage seeds (BO) and its potential effectiveness against γ-irradiation- induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: GC-MS analysis of fatty acids methyl esters of BO was performed to identify fatty acids composition. Sixty rats were divided into five groups (12 rats each): Control, irradiated; rats were exposed to (6.5 Gy) of whole body γ-radiation, BO (50 mg/kg b.wt), irradiated BO post-treated and irradiated BO prepost-treated. Six rats from each group were sacrificed at two time intervals 7 and 15 days post-irradiation. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, lipids profile, as well as serum and hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde) (MDA) levels were assessed. Histopathological examination of liver sections were also carried out. RESULTS: The results showed that the high contents of BO extracted by cold pressing, were linoleic acid (34.23%) and GLA (24.79%). Also, oral administration of BO significantly improved serum levels of liver enzymes, lipids profile, as well as serum and hepatic GSH and MDA levels (p<0.001) as compared with irradiated rats after 15 days post irradiation. Moreover, it exerted marked amelioration against irradiation-induced histopathological changes in liver tissues. The improvement was more pronounced in irradiated BO prepost-treated group than irradiated BO post-treated. CONCLUSION: BO has a beneficial role in reducing hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by radiation exposure. Therefore, BO may be used as a beneficial supplement for patients during radiotherapy treatment.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Borago/química , Rayos gamma/efectos adversos , Hepatopatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Hígado/efectos de la radiación , Aceites de Plantas/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Glutatión/metabolismo , Humanos , Hígado/lesiones , Hígado/metabolismo , Hepatopatías/etiología , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de la radiación , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Semillas/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/administración & dosificación
17.
Lipids Health Dis ; 16(1): 95, 2017 May 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28526097

RESUMEN

Vegetable oils are obtained by mechanical extraction or cold pressing of various parts of plants, most often: seeds, fruits, and drupels. Chemically, these oils are compounds of the ester-linked glycerol and higher fatty acids with long aliphatic chain hydrocarbons (min. C14:0). Vegetable oils have a variety of properties, depending on their percentage of saturation. This article describes sea-buckthorn oil, which is extracted from the well characterized fruit and seeds of sea buckthorn. The plant has a large number of active ingredients the properties of which are successfully used in the cosmetic industry and in medicine. Valuable substances contained in sea-buckthorn oil play an important role in the proper functioning of the human body and give skin a beautiful and healthy appearance. A balanced composition of fatty acids give the number of vitamins or their range in this oil and explains its frequent use in cosmetic products for the care of dry, flaky or rapidly aging skin. Moreover, its unique unsaturated fatty acids, such as palmitooleic acid (omega-7) and gamma-linolenic acid (omega-6), give sea-buckthorn oil skin regeneration and repair properties. Sea-buckthorn oil also improves blood circulation, facilitates oxygenation of the skin, removes excess toxins from the body and easily penetrates through the epidermis. Because inside the skin the gamma-linolenic acid is converted to prostaglandins, sea-buckthorn oil protects against infections, prevents allergies, eliminates inflammation and inhibits the aging process. With close to 200 properties, sea-buckthorn oil is a valuable addition to health and beauty products.


Asunto(s)
Hippophae/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Ácidos Grasos , Ácido gammalinolénico/química
18.
Pharm Biol ; 55(1): 1817-1823, 2017 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28545346

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is an important constituent of anti-ageing supplements. OBJECTIVE: The current study investigates the anti-ageing effect of GLA in Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: GLA (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 2, 10, 20 and 24 µM) was initially evaluated for its effect on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in vitro. For in vivo assessment (1, 5 or 15 mg/kg), the rat model of accelerated ageing was developed using d-fructose (1000 mg/kg (i.p.) plus 10% in drinking water for 40 days). Morris water maze was used to evaluate impairment in learning and memory. The blood of treated animals was used to measure glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The interaction of GLA with active residues of receptor of AGE (RAGE) was analyzed using AutoDock Vina. RESULTS: Our data showed that GLA inhibited the production of AGEs (IC50 = 1.12 ± 0.05 µM). However, this effect was more significant at lower tested doses. A similar pattern was also observed in in vivo experiments, where the effect of fructose was reversed by GLA only at lowest tested dose of 1 mg/kg. The HbA1c levels also revealed significant reduction at lower doses (1 and 5 mg/kg). The in silico data exhibited promising interaction of GLA with active residues (Try72, Arg77 and Gln67) of RAGE. CONCLUSION: The GLA, at lower doses, possesses therapeutic potential against glycation-induced memory decline.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento Cognitivo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/antagonistas & inhibidores , Trastornos de la Memoria/prevención & control , Nootrópicos/uso terapéutico , Ácido gammalinolénico/uso terapéutico , Animales , Conducta Animal , Sitios de Unión , Biología Computacional , Sistemas Especialistas , Fructosa , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Cinética , Locomoción , Aprendizaje por Laberinto , Trastornos de la Memoria/sangre , Trastornos de la Memoria/metabolismo , Conformación Molecular , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Nootrópicos/administración & dosificación , Nootrópicos/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/química , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Ácido gammalinolénico/administración & dosificación , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/metabolismo
19.
Lipids Health Dis ; 16(1): 17, 2017 Jan 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28109294

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: PPARγ is an isoform of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) belonging to a super family of nuclear receptors. PPARγ receptor is found to play a crucial role in the modulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis. Its commotion has been reported to play a significant role in a broad spectrum of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and in some cancers. Hence, PPARγ is an important therapeutic target. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their metabolites (henceforth referred to as bioactive lipids) are known to function as agonists of PPARγ. However, agonistic binding modes and affinity of these ligands to PPARγ are yet to be deciphered. METHODS: In this study, we performed a comparative molecular docking, binding free energy calculation and molecular dynamics simulation to infer and rank bioactive lipids based on the binding affinities with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ. RESULTS: The results inferred affinity in the order of resolvin E1 > neuroprotectin D1 > hydroxy-linoleic acid > docosahexaenoic acid > lipoxin A4 > gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid > alpha-linolenic acid > eicosapentaenoic acid > linoleic acid. Of all the bioactive lipids studied, resolvin E1, neuroprotectin D1 and hydroxy-linoleic acid showed significant affinity comparable to proven PPARγ agonist namely, rosiglitazone, in terms of Glide XP docking score, H-bond formation with the key residues, binding free energy and stable complex formation with LBD favouring co-activator binding, as inferred through Molecular Dynamics trajectory analysis. CONCLUSION: Hence, these three bioactive lipids (resolvin E1, neuroprotectin D1 and hydroxy-linoleic acid) may be favourably considered as ideal drug candidates in therapeutic modulation of clinical conditions such as type 2 DM, Alzheimer's disease and other instances where PPARγ is a key player.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/química , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/química , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análogos & derivados , Ácidos Linoleicos/química , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , PPAR gamma/química , Antiinflamatorios/metabolismo , Ácido Araquidónico/química , Ácido Araquidónico/metabolismo , Sitios de Unión , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/metabolismo , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/química , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/metabolismo , Humanos , Cinética , Ácido Linoleico/química , Ácido Linoleico/metabolismo , Ácidos Linoleicos/metabolismo , Lipoxinas/química , Lipoxinas/metabolismo , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , Dominios y Motivos de Interacción de Proteínas , Estructura Secundaria de Proteína , Rosiglitazona , Termodinámica , Tiazolidinedionas/química , Tiazolidinedionas/metabolismo , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/química , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/metabolismo , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/metabolismo
20.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol ; 16(2): 1354-62, 2016 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27433586

RESUMEN

The association of vegetable products to nanostructured systems has attracted the attention of researchers due to several advantages, such as drug photoprotection, as well as the improvement of the pharmacological and therapeutic activities because of synergistic action, which can provide their topical application. In this work, lipid-core nanocapsules containing borage oil as oil core and betamethasone dipropionate were developed, and nanocapsules without the drug were prepared for comparison. The suspensions were characterized in relation to mean particle size, zeta potential, pH, drug content, and encapsulation efficiency. A photodegradation study was carried out and the in vitro release profile as well as the irritation potential of the drug after nanoencapsulation were also evaluated. In addition, the antiproliferative activity of the free borage oil as well as loaded in nanocapsules was studied. Lipid-core nanocapsules showed nanometric mean size (185-210 nm); polydispersity index below 0.10; negative zeta potential and pH slightly acid (6.0-6.2). Moreover, the drug content was close to theoretical concentration (0.50 +/- 0.03 mg/ml of betamethasone), and the encapsulation efficiency was approximately 100%. The study of the antiproliferative activity of borage oil showed ability to reduce cell growth of Allium cepa. The nanoencapsulation of betamethasone dipropionate provided greater protection against UVC light and decreased the irritation potential of the drug. The release profile of betamethasone dipropionate from nanocapsules followed monoexponential model.


Asunto(s)
Betametasona/análogos & derivados , Nanopartículas/química , Cebollas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Aceites de Plantas , Ácido gammalinolénico , Betametasona/química , Betametasona/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Ácido gammalinolénico/química , Ácido gammalinolénico/farmacología
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