RESUMEN
Children of immigrants in the United States often grow up in very different nutrition environments than their parents. As a result, parent-child concordance in diet may be particularly weak in immigrant families. Yet, little is known about parent-child dietary resemblance in immigrant families and how local contexts shape it. This study uses data from the 1999/2000-2009/2010 Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine mother-child resemblance in dietary quality in Mexican-origin families in the United States. We investigate how immigrant generational status and neighborhood context shape the association between mothers' and children's dietary quality. We find that mother-child resemblance in dietary quality is weaker for first-generation children relative to third-generation children. However, residence in an immigrant enclave strengthens the mother-child association in dietary quality for first-generation children. Findings offer a unique within-family perspective of immigrant health. Results suggest that the healthy eating advantage of Mexican immigrant mothers may not be sustained across family generations and that Mexican immigrant mothers may face unique challenges in promoting healthy eating among their children.
Asunto(s)
Dieta/etnología , Composición Familiar/etnología , Estado Nutricional/etnología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Dieta/normas , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Encuestas Nutricionales , Estados Unidos/etnologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We examined the diabetes-fracture relationship by race/ethnicity, including the link between pre-diabetes and fracture. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used Medicare- and mortality-linked data for respondents aged 65years and older from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and NHANES 1999-2004 for three race/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic whites (NHW), non-Hispanic blacks (NHB), and Mexican Americans (MA). Diabetes was defined as diagnosed diabetes (self-reported) and diabetes status: diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes (positive diagnosis or hemoglobin A1c (A1C)≥6.5%); pre-diabetes (no diagnosis and A1C between 5.7% and 6.4%); and no diabetes (no diagnosis and A1C<5.7%). Non-skull fractures (n=750) were defined using published algorithms. Hazards ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The diabetes-fracture relationship differed significantly by race/ethnicity (pinteraction<0.05). Compared to those without diagnosed diabetes, the HRs for those with diagnosed diabetes were 2.37 (95% CI 1.49-3.75), 1.87 (95% CI 1.02-3.40), and 1.22 (95% CI 0.93-1.61) for MA, NHB, and NHW, respectively, after adjusting for significant confounders. HRs for diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes were similar to those for diagnosed diabetes alone. Pre-diabetes was not significantly related to fracture risk, however. Compared to those without diabetes, adjusted HRs for those with pre-diabetes were 1.42 (95% CI 0.72-2.81), and 1.20 (95% CI 0.96-1.51) for MA and NHW, respectively. There were insufficient fracture cases to examine detailed diabetes status in NHB. CONCLUSIONS: The diabetes-fracture relationship was stronger in MA and NHB. Pre-diabetes was not significantly associated with higher fracture risk, however.
Asunto(s)
Población Negra/etnología , Diabetes Mellitus/etnología , Fracturas Óseas/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Encuestas Nutricionales , Población Blanca/etnología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Medicare/tendencias , Encuestas Nutricionales/tendencias , Factores de Riesgo , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report the first documented case of HLA-A29(+) birdshot chorioretinopathy in a Hispanic patient. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 62-year-old female from Mexico presented with a 15-year history of progressive nyctalopia, floaters, and decreasing vision. She carried multiple previous diagnoses, including posterior vitreous detachment and macular edema. Both fundi showed characteristic creamy ill-defined lesions of birdshot chorioretinopathy, mostly atrophic, with evidence of old periphlebitis and arteriolar attenuation. Bilateral macular atrophy resulted in compromised visual acuity. Workup revealed positive HLA-A29 and was negative for TB and syphilis. CONCLUSION: Despite having been reported almost exclusively in non-Hispanic Caucasians, HLA-A29-positive birdshot chorioretinopathy may occur in Hispanic patients. This patient's ethnicity may have resulted in a significant delay in diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Coriorretinitis/diagnóstico , Antígenos HLA-A/inmunología , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Retinocoroidopatía en Perdigonada , Coriorretinitis/etnología , Coriorretinitis/inmunología , Electrorretinografía , Femenino , Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The prevalence of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) among Latinas is comparable to those of the general population; however, few interventions and treatment trial research have focused on this group. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for binge eating related disorders. CBT-based guided self-help (CBTgsh)-a low-cost minimal intervention-has also been shown effective in improving binge eating related symptom, but the effectiveness of the CBTgsh among ethnic minority women is not well understood. Cultural adaptation of evidence-based treatments can be an important step for promoting treatment accessibility and engagement among underserved groups. This qualitative study was part of a larger investigation that examined the feasibility and efficacy of a culturally adapted CBTgsh program among Mexican American women with binge eating disorders. Posttreatment focus groups were conducted with 12 Mexican American women with BN or BED who participated in the intervention. Data were analyzed with the grounded theory methodology (Corbin & Strauss, 2008). Three themes emerged from the data: (a) eating behavior and body ideals are socially and culturally constructed, (b) multifaceted support system is crucial to Mexican American women's treatment engagement and success, and (c) the culturally adapted CBTgsh program is feasible and relevant to Mexican American women's experience, but it can be strengthened with increased family and peer involvement. The findings provide suggestions for further adaptation and refinement of the CBTgsh, and implications for future research as well as early intervention for disordered eating in organized care settings.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Atracón/terapia , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual/métodos , Adulto , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Trastorno por Atracón/etnología , Trastorno por Atracón/psicología , Imagen Corporal/psicología , Cultura , Dieta/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Autocuidado/métodos , Apoyo Social , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study examined trajectories of ethnic-racial identity (ERI) and autonomy development among Mexican-origin adolescent females in the United States (N = 181; M(age) at Wave 1 = 16.80 years, SD = 1.00) as they transitioned through the first 5 years of parenthood. Trajectories of ERI and autonomy also were examined in relation to psychosocial functioning. Unconditional latent growth models indicated significant growth in autonomy, ERI resolution, and ERI affirmation from middle to late adolescence. Conditional latent growth models indicated that autonomy and ERI exploration growth trajectories were positively associated with psychosocial adjustment. Although adolescent mothers are experiencing transitions that are not normative during adolescence, they also engage in normative developmental processes, and their engagement in such processes is linked with better adjustment.
Asunto(s)
Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Autonomía Personal , Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Embarazo en Adolescencia/etnología , Identificación Social , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Madres , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Comprehensive cultural competency includes knowledge and awareness of culturally based healing and wellness practices. Healthcare providers should be aware of the individual patient's beliefs, culture, and use of culturally based health practices because patients may adopt such practices for general wellness or as adjunct therapies without the benefit of discussion with their healthcare provider. This article describes the culturally based traditional healing curriculum that has been implemented in the University of New Mexico Public Health and General Preventive Medicine Residency Program in order to fulfill this knowledge necessity. Curricular elements were added in a stepwise manner starting in 2011, with the full content as described implemented starting in 2013. Data were collected annually with evaluation of the full curriculum occurring in 2015. New Mexico has a diverse population base that includes predominantly Hispanic and Native American cultures, making the inclusion of curriculum regarding traditional healing practices very pertinent. Residents at the University of New Mexico were educated through several curricular components about topics such as Curanderismo, the art of Mexican Folk Healing. An innovative approach was used, with a compendium of training methods that included learning directly from traditional healers and participation in healing practices. The incorporation of this residency curriculum resulted in a means to produce physicians well trained in approaching patient care and population health with knowledge of culturally based health practices in order to facilitate healthy patients and communities.
Asunto(s)
Competencia Cultural/educación , Curriculum/normas , Internado y Residencia/normas , Medicina Preventiva/educación , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , México/etnología , New MexicoRESUMEN
The present study extends the Hopelessness Model of Depression through: (a) investigating the applicability of bicultural stress as precipitant in this model, (b) expanding mental health outcomes in addition to depression (i.e., life satisfaction), and (c) examining the protective role that male and female caregiver connection may play in disrupting this model for Mexican descent adolescents. With a sample of 524 Mexican descent adolescents (46.9% male; 53.1% female; age range: 14-20; M = 16.23 years; SD = 1.10 years), 2 structural equation models were tested, The first model (Theoretical Model) sought to determine the relationship between bicultural stress, life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms with hopelessness as a mediator. The second model (Protective Factor Model) investigated both male and female caregiver connectedness as potential protective factors in the bicultural stress-mental health relationships. Both models were supported. In the Theoretical Model, hopelessness mediated the relationship between bicultural stress and the mental health variables (i.e., depression and life satisfaction). Additionally, in the Protective Factor Model, female caregiver connection moderated the relationships between bicultural stress and life satisfaction, highlighting that female caregiver connection is a protective factor in the bicultural stress-life satisfaction relationship. Findings will be discussed from a resilience perspective with recommendations of how practitioners can use these findings for mental health prevention and intervention purposes.
Asunto(s)
Cuidadores/psicología , Salud Mental/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/etnología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Diversidad Cultural , Depresión/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnología , Modelos Psicológicos , Satisfacción Personal , Texas/etnología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Levels of drinking are unusually elevated among young adults on the U.S.-Mexico border, and this elevation can be largely explained by young border residents' unusually high frequency of bar attendance. However, this explanation complicates interpretation of high alcohol problem rates that have also been observed in this group. Because bar environments can lower the threshold for many types of problems, the extent to which elevated alcohol problems among young border residents can be attributed to drinking per se-versus this common drinking context-is not clear. METHODS: Data were collected from multistage cluster samples of adult Mexican Americans on and off the U.S.-Mexico border (current drinker N = 1,351). After developing structural models of acute alcohol problems, estimates were subjected to path decompositions to disentangle the common and distinct contributions of drinking and bar attendance to problem disparities on and off the border. Additionally, models were estimated under varying degrees of adjustment to gauge the sensitivity of the results to sociodemographic, social-cognitive, and environmental sources of confounding. RESULTS: Consistent with previous findings for both drinking and other problem measures, acute alcohol problems were particularly elevated among young adults on the border. This elevation was entirely explained by a single common pathway involving bar attendance frequency and drinking. Bar attendance did not predict acute alcohol problems independently of drinking, and its effect was not moderated by border proximity or age. The common indirect effect and its component effects (of border youth on bar attendance, of bar attendance on drinking, and of drinking on problems) were surprisingly robust to adjustment for confounding in all parts of the model (e.g., fully adjusted indirect effect: b = 0.11, SE = 0.04, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Bar attendance and associated increases in drinking play a key, unique role in the high levels of acute alcohol problems among the border's young adult population that cannot be entirely explained by sociodemographic or social-cognitive characteristics of young border residents, by contextual effects of bars on problems, or by broader neighborhood factors. Bar attendance in particular may represent an early modifiable risk factor that can be targeted to reduce alcohol problem disparities in the region.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/etnología , Intoxicación Alcohólica/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Características de la Residencia , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/tendencias , Intoxicación Alcohólica/diagnóstico , Intoxicación Alcohólica/psicología , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Alcoholismo/etnología , Alcoholismo/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , México/etnología , Factores de Riesgo , Estados Unidos/etnología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study examines the association between perceived neighborhood violence, perceived neighborhood collective efficacy, and binge drinking among Mexican Americans residing on the U.S.-Mexico border. METHODS: Data were collected from a multistage cluster sample of adult Mexican Americans residing in the U.S.-Mexico border areas of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas (N = 1,307). The survey weighted response rate was 67%. Face-to-face interviews lasting approximately 1 hour were conducted in respondents' homes in English or Spanish. Path analysis was used to test whether collective efficacy mediated the impact of perceived neighborhood violence on binge drinking. RESULTS: Among 30+-year-old women, perceived neighborhood collective efficacy mediated the effects of perceived neighborhood violence on binge drinking in a theoretically predicted way: Lower perceptions of violence predicted an increased perception of collective efficacy, which in turn, predicted less binge drinking. Direct effects of violence perceptions on binge were nonsignificant. Younger 18- to 29-year-old women showed a similar (but nonsignificant) pattern of effects. Perceived collective efficacy also mediated the effects of perceived violence on binge drinking among men, but in opposite ways for older and younger men. Older men showed the same mediating effect as older women, but the effect reversed among younger men due to a strong, positive relation between collective efficacy and binge drinking. There were also age differences in the direct effect of violence perceptions on binge drinking: Perceptions of violence predicted more binge drinking among young men, but less among older men. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the complexity of people's responses to neighborhood characteristics in regard to their drinking. Young men in particular seem to react very differently to perceptions of collective efficacy than other groups. However, among both men and women, collective efficacy may come to play an increasingly important protective role in health outcomes with age.
Asunto(s)
Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/diagnóstico , Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Percepción , Características de la Residencia , Adulto , Arizona/etnología , Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , California/etnología , Análisis por Conglomerados , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , México/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad , New Mexico/etnología , Texas/etnología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Second-generation Latin-American adolescents tend to show higher levels of various health-risking behaviors and emotional problems than first-generation Latin-American adolescents. This cross-sectional study of 40 mother-adolescent dyads examined the association of mother-youth acculturation gaps to youth adjustment problems. Intergenerational acculturation gaps were assessed as a bidimensional self-report component and a novel observational measurement component. The Latin-American adolescents were predominantly second-generation of Mexican descent (M age = 13.42 years, SD = 0.55). Most of the mothers were born in Mexico (M age = 39.18 years, SD = 5.17). Data were collected from mothers, adolescents, and coders, using questionnaires, structured interviews, and videotaped mother-youth interaction tasks. Findings revealed generally weak support for the acculturation gap-distress hypothesis. In addition, stronger relative adherence to their heritage culture by the adolescents was significantly (p < .05, ES = 0.15) related to less engagement in early health-risking sexual behaviors, possibly reflecting selective acculturation processes. Mother-youth acculturation gaps in orientation to the heritage culture were the most salient dimension, changing the focus on the original formulation of the acculturation gap-distress hypothesis.
Asunto(s)
Aculturación , Conducta del Adolescente/etnología , Depresión/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Problema de Conducta/psicología , Conducta Sexual/etnología , Ajuste Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnología , Asunción de RiesgosRESUMEN
Adolescent substance abuse is a serious public health concern, and in response to this problem, a number of effective treatment approaches have been developed. Despite this, retaining and engaging adolescents in treatment are 2 major challenges continuously faced by practitioners and clinical researchers. Low retention and engagement rates are especially salient for ethnic minority adolescents because they are at high risk for underutilization of substance abuse treatment compared to their White peers. Latino adolescents, in particular, are part of the fastest growing ethnic minority group in the United States and experience high rates of substance use disorders. Heretofore, the empirical examination of cultural factors that influence treatment retention and engagement has been lacking in the literature. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of the cultural variables ethnic identity, familism, and acculturation on the retention and engagement of Latino adolescents participating in substance abuse treatment. This study used data collected from a sample of Latino adolescent males (N = 96), predominantly of Mexican descent, and largely recruited from the juvenile justice system. Analysis was conducted using generalized regression models for count variables. Results indicated that higher levels of exploration, a subfactor of ethnic identity, and familism were predictive of attendance and engagement. In contrast, higher levels of Anglo orientation, a subfactor of acculturation, were predictive of lower treatment attendance and engagement. Clinical implications for the variables of ethnic identity, acculturation, and familism as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Aculturación , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Cooperación del Paciente/etnología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/etnología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/terapia , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Estados Unidos/etnologíaRESUMEN
Although Mexican Americans are the largest ethnic minority group in the nation, knowledge is limited regarding this population's adolescent romantic relationships. This study explored whether 12th grade Mexican Americans' (N = 218; 54% female) romantic relationship characteristics, cultural values, and gender created unique latent classes and if so, whether they were linked to adjustment. Latent class analyses suggested three profiles including, relatively speaking, higher, satisfactory, and lower quality romantic relationships. Regression analyses indicated these profiles had distinct associations with adjustment. Specifically, adolescents with higher and satisfactory quality romantic relationships reported greater future family expectations, higher self-esteem, and fewer externalizing symptoms than those with lower quality romantic relationships. Similarly, adolescents with higher quality romantic relationships reported greater academic self-efficacy and fewer sexual partners than those with lower quality romantic relationships. Overall, results suggested higher quality romantic relationships were most optimal for adjustment. Future research directions and implications are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/etnología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Amor , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Satisfacción Personal , Ajuste Social , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Psicología del Adolescente , Análisis de Regresión , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
The present study aimed to extend research on parenting and positive development of Latino youth. Participants were 207 Mexican American adolescents (M age = 10.9 years, SD = 0.83 years; 50% girls) who completed measures of their parents' supportive and firm parenting, their own endorsement of respect and traditional gender role values, and their tendency to engage in six forms of prosocial behaviors. Maternal nativity was also considered as an initial predictor of parenting, adolescents' cultural values, and adolescents' prosocial behaviors. Overall, the results demonstrated that maternal nativity was associated with traditional gender roles and specific forms of prosocial behaviors. Parenting dimensions were differentially associated with respect and traditional gender role values and prosocial behaviors. Cultural values, in turn, were associated with multiple forms of prosocial behaviors. Gender differences in the processes were also explored.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo del Adolescente/fisiología , Conducta Materna/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Conducta Social , Valores Sociales , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Sudoeste de Estados Unidos/etnologíaRESUMEN
Mexican-origin parents' work experiences are a distal extrafamilial context for adolescents' adjustment. This 2-wave multiinformant study examined the prospective mechanisms linking parents' work conditions (i.e., self-direction, work pressure, workplace discrimination) to adolescents' adjustment (i.e., educational expectations, depressive symptoms, risky behavior) across the transition to high school drawing on work socialization and spillover models. We examined the indirect effects of parental work conditions on adolescent adjustment through parents' psychological functioning (i.e., depressive symptoms, role overload) and aspects of the parent-adolescent relationship (i.e., parental solicitation, parent-adolescent conflict), as well as moderation by adolescent gender. Participants were 246 predominantly immigrant, Mexican-origin, 2-parent families who participated in home interviews when adolescents were approximately 13 and 15 years of age. Results supported the positive impact of fathers' occupational self-direction on all 3 aspects of adolescents' adjustment through decreased father-adolescent conflict, after controlling for family socioeconomic status and earner status, and underemployment. Parental work pressure and discrimination were indirectly linked to adolescents' adjustment, with different mechanisms emerging for mothers and fathers. Adolescents' gender moderated the associations between fathers' self-direction and girls' depressive symptoms, and fathers' experiences of discrimination and boys' risk behavior. Results suggest that Mexican-origin mothers' and fathers' perceptions of work conditions have important implications for multiple domains of adolescents' adjustment across the transition to high school.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/etnología , Depresión/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo/etnología , Padres/psicología , Prejuicio/etnología , Asunción de Riesgos , Ajuste Social , Trabajo/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Parental feeding practices are thought to influence children's weight status, through children's eating behavior and nutritional intake. However, because most studies have been cross-sectional, the direction of influence is unclear. Moreover, although obesity rates are high among Latino children, few studies of parental feeding practices have focused on this population. METHODS: This 2-year longitudinal study examined mutual influences over time between parental feeding practices and children's weight status, in Mexican American families with children 18 years old at baseline. Mothers (n = 322) and fathers (n = 182) reported on their feeding practices at baseline, 1-year follow-up, and 2-year follow-up. Weight status, defined by waist-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI), was ascertained at all assessments. Cross-lagged panel models were used to examine the mutual influences of parental feeding practices and child weight status over time, controlling for covariates. RESULTS: Both mothers' and fathers' restriction of food predicted higher subsequent child weight status at Year 1, and for fathers this effect was also found at Year 2. Mothers' and fathers' pressure to eat predicted lower weight status among boys, but not girls, at Year 1. Child weight status also predicted some parental feeding practices: boys' heavier weight predicted mothers' less pressure to eat at Year 1, less use of food to control behavior at Year 2, and greater restriction at Year 2; and girls' heavier weight at Year 1 predicted fathers' less pressure to eat and less positive involvement in child eating at Year 2. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides longitudinal evidence that some parental feeding practices influence Mexican American children's weight status, and that children's weight status also influences some parental feeding practices. Feeding practices of both mothers and fathers were related to children's weight status, underscoring the importance of including fathers in research on parental feeding practices and child obesity.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Peso Corporal/fisiología , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Padre/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria/etnología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Madres/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Informed by socioecological and dyadic approaches to understanding marriage, the current study examined the patterning of gender-typed attributes among 120 Mexican immigrant opposite sex couples and the subsequent links with spouses' reports of marital satisfaction. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify typologies of couples based on spouses' self-reported masculine and feminine attributes. Three couple profiles were identified: (a) Androgynous Couples, (b) Undifferentiated Couples, and (c) Mismatched Couples. Results from a mixed model ANCOVA showed profile differences in couples' marital satisfaction based on profile membership, suggesting that spouses in the Undifferentiated Profile were the least satisfied. Findings illustrate a lack of gender-typing at the individual and couple levels that challenge stereotypical and patriarchal depictions of Latino marital relationships and propose a more complex understanding of Mexican-origin spouses' gender-typed attributes than has yet been portrayed in the literature. The finding that couples with 1 androgynous partner (i.e., wives in the Mismatched Profile) reported similar levels of marital satisfaction to couples in the Androgynous Profile offers additional insights regarding how these qualities operate under the unique socioecological niches that Mexican immigrant couples inhabit-contexts that may place demands on spouses that challenge gendered and culturally bound depictions of marriage.
Asunto(s)
Composición Familiar/etnología , Identidad de Género , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Satisfacción Personal , Esposos/etnología , Adulto , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Matrimonio/etnología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Previous studies suggest that temperamental dispositions are associated with substance use. However, most research supporting this association has relied on European American samples (Stautz & Cooper, 2013). We addressed this gap by evaluating the prospective relations between 5th grade temperament and 9th grade substance use in a longitudinal sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674). Effortful control and trait aggressiveness predicted 9th grade substance use, intentions, and expectations, even after controlling for 5th grade substance use. Additionally, we found an interaction between temperament and parental monitoring such that monitoring is a protective factor for early substance use primarily for youth with temperamental tendencies associated with risk for substance use (e.g., low effortful control and aggression). Results add to the growing literature demonstrating that early manifestations of self-control are related to consequential life outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Autocontrol , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Temperamento , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Agresión/psicología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/prevención & controlRESUMEN
PURPOSE: High levels of family conflict increase the risk for early smoking initiation and smoking escalation among adolescents, whereas high levels of warmth and cohesion in the family are protective against smoking initiation. However, little is known about the associations between changes in family function during adolescence on subsequent smoking initiation among Mexican heritage adolescents. METHODS: In 2005-2006, 1,328 Mexican heritage adolescents aged 11-14 years enrolled in a cohort study to examine nongenetic and genetic factors associated with cigarette experimentation. In 2008-2009, 1,154 participants completed a follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression models were computed to prospectively examine associations between smoking behavior assessed in 2008-2009 and changes in family cohesion and family conflict assessed in both 2005-2006 and 2008-2009, controlling for gender, age, and linguistic acculturation, positive outcome expectations associated with smoking, as well as friends and family smoking behavior. RESULTS: Overall 21% had tried cigarettes by 2008-2009. Consistently low levels of family cohesion (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-6.73) and decreases in family cohesion (OR = 2.36; 95% CI, 1.37-4.07), as well as consistently high levels of family conflict (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.08-2.79) and increases in conflict (OR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.19-2.94) were independent risk factors for smoking initiation among Mexican heritage youth. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that family cohesion protects against adolescent smoking, whereas family conflict increases the risk for smoking. Therefore, intervention programs for adolescents and parents could focus on enhancing family bonding and closeness, which is protective against smoking initiation.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Conflicto Familiar/psicología , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo/etnología , Fumar/psicología , Adolescente , Niño , Conflicto Familiar/etnología , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Apego a Objetos , Fumar/etnologíaRESUMEN
Personality traits have been associated consistently with health-related outcomes, but less is known about how aspects of the sociocultural environment modify these associations. This study uses a sample of participants of Mexican origin (N = 1013) to test whether exposure to the United States, indexed by nativity (Mexicans living in Mexico, foreign-born Mexican Americans, and U.S.-born Mexican Americans), moderates the association between personality traits and body mass index (BMI). Higher Conscientiousness was associated with lower BMI, regardless of nativity. In contrast, the association between Neuroticism and BMI was moderated by exposure to the U.S.: Neuroticism was associated with higher BMI among U.S.-born Mexican Americans (partial r = .15) but not among Mexican participants (partial r = .00), an effect strongest and most robust for the impulsivity facet of Neuroticism. This finding suggests that with more exposure to the United States, those who are more emotionally impulsive are at greater risk for obesity. More broadly, these findings suggest that social and psychological vulnerabilities interact to contribute to health outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Ambiente , Americanos Mexicanos/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Obesidad/etnología , Obesidad/psicología , Personalidad , Aculturación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Índice de Masa Corporal , Emociones , Femenino , Humanos , Conducta Impulsiva , Masculino , México/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/epidemiología , Pruebas de Personalidad , Factores de Riesgo , Estados Unidos/etnología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Little epidemiological evidence exists on alcohol use and related problems along the U.S.-Mexico border, although the borderlands have been the focus of recent media attention related to the escalating drug/violence "epidemic". In the present study, the relationship of proximity of living at the border and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is analyzed from the U.S.-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (UMSARC). METHODS: Household surveys were conducted on 2336 Mexican Americans in Texas (771 in a non-border city and 1565 from three border cities located in the three poorest counties in the U.S.) and 2460 Mexicans from the states of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas in Mexico (811 in a non-border city and 1649 from three cities which are sister cities to the Texas border sites). RESULTS: Among current drinkers, prevalence of AUD was marginally greater (p<0.10) at the U.S. border compared to the non-border, but the opposite was true in Mexico (p<0.001), and these trends continued on both sides across volume and 5+ drinking days. Prevalence was greater in Laredo/Nuevo Laredo relative to their respective sister city counterparts on the same side. Border effects appeared greater for males than females in the U.S. and the opposite in Mexico. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that border proximity may affect AUD in both the U.S. and Mexico, but in the opposite direction, and may be related to the relative perceived or actual stress of living in the respective communities.