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1.
Molecules ; 29(19)2024 Sep 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39407553

RESUMEN

A precursor feeding strategy was used for the first time in agitated microshoot cultures of Aronia × prunifolia. This strategy involved the addition of biogenetic precursors of simple phenolic acids (phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, and benzoic acid) and depsides (caffeic acid) into the culture media, with an assessment of its effect on the production of these bioactive compounds. The in vitro cultures were maintained in Murashige-Skoog medium (1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA). Precursors at five concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mmol/L) were fed into the medium at the time of culture initiation (point "0") and independently on the 10th day of growth cycles. The contents of 23 compounds were determined in methanolic extracts of biomass collected after 20 days of growth cycles using an HPLC method. All extracts contained the same four depsides (chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, rosmarinic, and cryptochlorogenic acids) and the same four simple phenolic acids (protocatechuic, vanillic, caffeic, and syringic acids). Chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids were the predominant compounds in all extracts (max. 388.39 and 263.54 mg/100 g d.w.). The maximal total contents of all compounds were confirmed after feeding with cinnamic acid (5 mmol/L, point "0") and caffeic acid (10 mmol/L, point "0"), which caused a 2.68-fold and 2.49-fold increase in the contents of the estimated compounds vs. control cultures (603.03 and 558.48 mg/100 g d.w., respectively). The obtained results documented the efficacy of the precursor feeding strategy in enhancing the production of bioactive compounds in agitated cultures of A. × prunifolia and suggest a potential practical application value.


Asunto(s)
Depsidos , Hidroxibenzoatos , Photinia , Depsidos/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Photinia/química , Cinamatos/metabolismo , Cinamatos/análisis , Cinamatos/química , Medios de Cultivo/química , Ácidos Cafeicos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Brotes de la Planta/química , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo
2.
Food Microbiol ; 124: 104618, 2024 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39244370

RESUMEN

Sour bamboo shoots are a traditional fermented delicacy that has garnered appreciation both domestically and internationally. This study investigates the intricate dynamics of microbial communities and volatile flavor compounds primarily derived from salted and pickled bamboo shoots during the fermentation process of Phyllostachys purpurea (PP). The dynamics of microorganisms and volatile flavor compounds were thoroughly examined initially using conventional isolation and cultivation methods in conjunction with high-throughput sequencing (HTS), headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, we analyzed the core microorganisms responsible for modulating the volatile flavor profile. Our findings revealed 60 volatile compounds, 14 of which were the predominant contributors to the aroma of fermented PP. This group primarily comprised alcohols, aldehydes, and olefins. Notably, our investigation identified Lactobacillus and Candida as the dominant microbial genera during the middle and late stages of fermentation. These two genera exert a significant influence on the formation of characteristic aromas. Furthermore, we discovered that acids, sugars, and proteins pivotally influence the succession of microorganisms. Specifically, acids and soluble sugars drove the transition of Lactococcus to Lactobacillus and Pediococcus, whereas soluble proteins facilitated fungal succession from Candida to Kazachstania and Issatchenkia. These insights shed light on the community structure and succession patterns of flavor compounds throughout the PP fermentation process. Ultimately, they provide a foundation for optimizing the fermentation process and ensuring quality control in the production of sour bamboo shoots.


Asunto(s)
Bacterias , Fermentación , Microbiota , Brotes de la Planta , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/química , Brotes de la Planta/microbiología , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Hongos/metabolismo , Hongos/clasificación , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Hongos/genética , Aromatizantes/metabolismo , Alimentos Fermentados/microbiología , Alimentos Fermentados/análisis , Odorantes/análisis , Bambusa/microbiología , Bambusa/metabolismo , Bambusa/química , Microextracción en Fase Sólida
3.
Carbohydr Polym ; 346: 122663, 2024 Dec 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39245517

RESUMEN

Concerns about food safety and environmental impact from chemical surfactants have prompted interest in natural lignocellulosic materials as alternatives. In this study, we combined hydrated deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment with ultrasound treatment to prepare lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNF) from bamboo shoot shells with appropriate surface properties for stabilizing Pickering emulsions. The pretreatment intensity effectively modulated the surface characteristics of LCNF, achieving desirable wettability through lignin retention and in-situ esterification. The resulting LCNF/curcumin Pickering emulsion (CPE) demonstrated curcumin protection and pH-responsive color changes, while the ensuing CPE/PVA composite film exhibited ultraviolet shielding, mechanical strength, oxygen barrier, and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the CPE/PVA film showed promise as a real-time indicator for monitoring shrimp freshness, maintaining sensitivity to spoilage even after six months of storage. These findings advance the advancement of green LCNF technologies, providing eco-friendly solutions for valorizing bamboo shoot shells and enhancing the application of LCNF in Pickering emulsions.


Asunto(s)
Curcumina , Emulsiones , Lignina , Nanofibras , Curcumina/química , Lignina/química , Emulsiones/química , Animales , Nanofibras/química , Antioxidantes/química , Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos/química , Brotes de la Planta/química , Sasa/química , Humectabilidad , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno
4.
Molecules ; 29(16)2024 Aug 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39202972

RESUMEN

Hypericum perforatum transformed shoot lines (TSL) regenerated from corresponding hairy roots and non-transformed shoots (NTS) were comparatively evaluated for their phenolic compound contents and in vitro inhibitory capacity against target enzymes (monoamine oxidase-A, cholinesterases, tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, and cholesterol esterase). Molecular docking was conducted to assess the contribution of dominant phenolic compounds to the enzyme-inhibitory properties of TSL samples. The TSL extracts represent a rich source of chlorogenic acid, epicatechin and procyanidins, quercetin aglycone and glycosides, anthocyanins, naphthodianthrones, acyl-phloroglucinols, and xanthones. Concerning in vitro bioactivity assays, TSL displayed significantly higher acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and cholesterol esterase inhibitory properties compared to NTS, implying their neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and antiobesity potential. The docking data revealed that pseudohypericin, hyperforin, cadensin G, epicatechin, and chlorogenic acid are superior inhibitors of selected enzymes, exhibiting the lowest binding energy of ligand-receptor complexes. Present data indicate that H. perforatum transformed shoots might be recognized as an excellent biotechnological system for producing phenolic compounds with multiple health benefits.


Asunto(s)
Agrobacterium , Hypericum , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Fenoles , Fitoquímicos , Brotes de la Planta , Hypericum/química , Hypericum/metabolismo , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/química , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , alfa-Amilasas/metabolismo , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , alfa-Glucosidasas/metabolismo , alfa-Glucosidasas/química
5.
NanoImpact ; 35: 100526, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39116935

RESUMEN

Most studies on nanoplastics (NPs) focus on aquatic environments, overlooking their combined bioaccumulation with pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. This study addresses a part of this gap by investigating how polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) affect the bioaccumulation and translocation of lead (Pb) in Hordeum vulgare L. plants. Using the RHIZOtest device for precise soil contamination control, we quantified PS-NPs (50 nm) in plant shoots via pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS) after plant KOH digestion. Our findings revealed that PS-NPs reduce Pb bioaccumulation and make adsorbed Pb onto PS-NPs less bioavailable to plants. For the highest Pb concentration, the Pb uptake index (PUI) followed the trend: Free Pb > NPs + Pb > Pb primary adsorbed by NPs, showing reduced Pb translocation to shoots in the presence of PS-NPs. Moreover, the presence of Pb decreased the bioavailability of PS-NPs probably in response to PS-NPs aggregation or modified charge. The PS-NPs concentrations in shoots range from 275.2 to 400 µg g-1, representing 3.9 to 5.75% of the total PS-NPs. This study highlights the intricate interactions between nanoplastics and metals in soil-plant systems and emphasizes the need for further research on their combined effects and potential risks to food safety.


Asunto(s)
Hordeum , Plomo , Poliestirenos , Contaminantes del Suelo , Hordeum/metabolismo , Hordeum/efectos de los fármacos , Plomo/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Nanopartículas , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/química , Bioacumulación , Plásticos/metabolismo , Microplásticos
6.
J Food Sci ; 89(9): 5900-5911, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39150747

RESUMEN

Bamboo shoot is a healthy food rich in dietary fiber (DF). However, its highly insoluble DF and fibrous texture limit its application in industrially processed foods. To achieve industrial processing of bamboo shoot, cellulase was used to improve the physical characteristics of bamboo shoot DF in this study. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the content of soluble DF (SDF) of bamboo shoot increased by 99.28% (from 5.53% to 11.02%) significantly (p < 0.01). At the same time, the effect of enzymatic-modified bamboo SDF (EMBSDF) on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes rats was explored. Results demonstrated that the high dose of EMBSDF (312.8 mg/kg) treated rats showed significant improvements in terms of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (p < 0.01) compared with the diabetes rats. Meantime, it was observed that the levels of glucagon-like peptide-1, adiponectin and interleukin-4 of high dose of EMBSDF compared with diabetes rats were increased (p < 0.01) by 57.79%, 159.13%, and 6.17%, respectively. The tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and leptin levels were decreased (p < 0.01) by 62.89%, 31.53%, and 7.84%, respectively. Furthermore, apparent kidney and pancreas histology improvements were found in high-dose and mid-dose EMBSDF-treated diabetes rats. These results indicated that the modified DF significantly improved diabetes.


Asunto(s)
Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Fibras de la Dieta , Hipoglucemiantes , Animales , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Ratas , Masculino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/dietoterapia , Brotes de la Planta/química , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Resistencia a la Insulina , Insulina/sangre , Insulina/metabolismo , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Adiponectina/sangre , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/metabolismo , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Leptina/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Sasa/química , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/metabolismo
7.
J Chem Ecol ; 50(9-10): 549-561, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39186175

RESUMEN

Plants defend themselves chemically against herbivory through secondary metabolites and phytohormones. Few studies have investigated how constitutive variation in secondary metabolites contributes to systemic herbivory response. We hypothesized that plants with lower constitutive defenses would induce a stronger phytohormone response to spatially separated herbivory than plants with high constitutive defense. We used growth chamber bioassays to investigate how aboveground herbivory by Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, CPB) and belowground herbivory by northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla, RKN) altered phytohormones and glycoalkaloids in roots and shoots of two lines of wild potato (Solanum chacoense). These lines had different constitutive levels of chemical defense, particularly leptine glycoalkaloids, which are only present in aboveground tissues. We also determined how these differences influenced the preference and performance of CPB. The susceptible wild potato line responded to aboveground damage by CPB through induction of jasmonic acid (JA) and OPDA. However, when challenged by both RKN and CPB, the susceptible line retained high levels of JA, but not OPDA. Beetles gained more mass after feeding on the susceptible line compared to the resistant line, but were not affected by nematode presence. Belowground, JA, JA-Isoleucine, and OPDA were higher in the resistant line compared to the susceptible line, and some compounds demonstrated response to local herbivory. In contrast, the susceptible line did not induce phytohormone defenses belowground. These findings allow us to predict that constitutive level of defense may influence the threshold of herbivory that may lead to plant-mediated effects on spatially separated herbivores.


Asunto(s)
Escarabajos , Herbivoria , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas , Raíces de Plantas , Animales , Escarabajos/fisiología , Escarabajos/metabolismo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/química , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Tylenchoidea/fisiología , Solanum tuberosum/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/parasitología , Solanum tuberosum/química , Metabolismo Secundario , Alcaloides/metabolismo , Alcaloides/análisis , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/química
8.
Molecules ; 29(14)2024 Jul 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39064945

RESUMEN

The shoots of Asparagus L. are consumed worldwide, although most species belonging to this genus have a restricted range, and several taxa remain unstudied. In this work, a total of four taxa from different locations were scrutinized and compared with cultivated A. officinalis. All shoots were screened for saponins via LC-MS, and in vitro antiproliferative activities against the HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line were assessed via the MTT assay. The total saponins (TS) contained in the crude extracts ranged from 710.0 (A. officinalis) to 1258.6 mg/100 g dw (A. acutifolius). The richness of the compounds detected in this work stands out; a total of 47 saponins have been detected and quantified in the edible parts (shoots) of five taxa of Asparagus. The structure of all the saponins found present skeletons of the furostane and spirostane type. In turn, the structures with a furostane skeleton are divided into unsaturated and dioxygenated types, both in the 20-22 position. The sum of dioscin and derivatives varied largely among the studied taxa, reaching the following percentages of TS: 27.11 (A. officinalis), 18.96 (A. aphyllus), 5.37 (A. acutifolius), and 0.59 (A. albus); while in A. horridus, this compound remains undetected. Aspachiosde A, D, and M varied largely among samples, while a total of seven aspaspirostanosides were characterized in the analyzed species. The hierarchical cluster analysis of the saponin profiles clearly separated the various taxa and demonstrated that the taxonomic position is more important than the place from which the samples were acquired. Thus, saponin profiles have chemotaxonomic significance in Asparagus taxa. The MTT assay showed dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effects of all saponins extracts on HT-29 cancer cells, and the strongest cell growth inhibition was exercised by A. albus and A. acutifolius (GI50 of 125 and 175 µg/mL). This work constitutes a whole approach to evaluating the saponins from the shoots of different Asparagus taxa and provides arguments for using them as functional foods.


Asunto(s)
Asparagus , Extractos Vegetales , Brotes de la Planta , Saponinas , Saponinas/farmacología , Saponinas/química , Humanos , Asparagus/química , Brotes de la Planta/química , Células HT29 , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química
9.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(29): 16530-16540, 2024 Jul 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39001851

RESUMEN

Brassica napus is currently the principal field crop for producing materials for primary, secondary and tertiary industries. B. napus shoots at stem elongation stage are rich in anthocyanins, vitamin C and mineral elements such as selenium, calcium and zinc, and represent a new type of green vegetable. However, the high crude fiber (CF) content of B. napus shoots affects their taste, and few studies have focused on the quality traits of these vegetables. In this study, we investigated five traits related to the CF components, including neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicellulose (Hem) and cellulose (Cel), of B. napus shoots. Whole-genome resequencing at a depth of ∼20× was utilized to genotype an association panel of 202 diverse accessions, which resulted in the identification of 6,093,649 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 996,252 indels, respectively. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for the five CF-related traits based on the phenotypic data observed in four environments. A total of 1,285 significant SNPs were detected at the threshold of -log10 (p) = 5.16, and 97 significant association regions were obtained. In addition, seven candidate genes located on chromosomes A2 (one gene), A8 (three genes), A9 (two genes) and C9 (one gene) related to CF traits were identified, and ten lines containing low CF contents were selected as excellent germplasm resources for breeding. Our results contributed new insights into the genetic basis of CF traits and suggested germplasm resources for the quality improvement of B. napus shoots.


Asunto(s)
Brassica napus , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Tallos de la Planta , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Brassica napus/genética , Brassica napus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brassica napus/metabolismo , Brassica napus/química , Tallos de la Planta/genética , Tallos de la Planta/química , Tallos de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tallos de la Planta/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/genética , Brotes de la Planta/química , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Genotipo , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Fenotipo , Celulosa/metabolismo , Lignina/metabolismo , Polisacáridos/metabolismo , Polisacáridos/química , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo
10.
Bioresour Technol ; 407: 131073, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38996848

RESUMEN

Co-pyrolysis with low-sulfur biomass is expected to improve the yield and quality of bio-fuels, without the usage of calcium-based desulfurizer. Sulfur transformation during microwave fluidized-bed co-pyrolysis between terrestrial and marine biomass (Ascophyllum, AS; Rice straw, RS) was investigated. Sulfur release was promoted during biomass co-pyrolysis, but it was inhibited during pyrolysis between AS and low-sulfur char. Thermal cracking of biomass was promoted during co-pyrolysis between biomass, accelerating the combination of H atoms and -SH radicals. Introduction of low-sulfur bio-char (CA) inhibited the generation of bio-char and the release of sulfur. Released sulfur was captured by -OH/C = C functional groups on bio-char through dehydration reactions/addition reactions, forming mercaptan in bio-char. Furthermore, introduction of microwave and bio-char promoted the cyclization and aromatization reaction, converting mercaptan to thiophene and improving the thermal stability of solid sulfur, and thus increasing in-situ sulfur fixation rate.


Asunto(s)
Biomasa , Oryza , Phaeophyceae , Azufre , Azufre/química , Microondas , Oryza/química , Phaeophyceae/química , Brotes de la Planta/química , Pirólisis , Temperatura
11.
BMC Plant Biol ; 24(1): 523, 2024 Jun 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38853237

RESUMEN

Allelopathy is a biological process in which one organism releases biochemicals that affect the growth and development of other organisms. The current investigation sought to determine the allelopathic effect of Rumex acetosella on white clover (Trifolium repens) growth and development by using its shoot extract (lower IC50 value) as a foliar treatment. Here, different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 g/L) of shoot extract from Rumex acetosella were used as treatments. With increasing concentrations of shoot extract, the plant growth parameters, chlorophyll and total protein content of Trifolium repens decreased. On the other hand, ROS, such as O2.- and H2O2, and antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT, and POD, increased with increasing shoot extract concentration. A phytohormonal study indicated that increased treatment concentrations increased ABA and SA levels while JA levels were reduced. For the identification of allelochemicals, liquid‒liquid extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and open-column chromatography were conducted using R. acetosella shoot extracts, followed by a seed bioassay on the separated layer. A lower IC50 value was obtained through GC/MS analysis. gammaSitosterol was identified as the most abundant component. The shoot extract of Rumex acetosella has strong allelochemical properties that may significantly impede the growth and development of Trifolium repens. This approach could help to understand the competitive abilities of this weed species and in further research provide an alternate weed management strategy.


Asunto(s)
Alelopatía , Antioxidantes , Extractos Vegetales , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas , Rumex , Trifolium , Trifolium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Trifolium/metabolismo , Trifolium/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Rumex/crecimiento & desarrollo , Rumex/metabolismo , Rumex/efectos de los fármacos , Rumex/química , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/farmacología , Metanol , Malezas/efectos de los fármacos , Malezas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Feromonas/farmacología , Feromonas/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/química
12.
Bioresour Technol ; 404: 130915, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38823561

RESUMEN

This work proposes the pyrolysis of the cassava plant shoot system biomass and a comprehensive chemical characterization of the resulting bio-oil. The highest yields of liquid products were obtained at 600 °C, with 12.6 % bio-oil (organic fraction), which presented the lowest total acid number of 65.7 mg KOH g-1. The bio-oil produced at 500 °C exhibited the highest total phenolic content of approximately 41 % GAE, confirmed by GC/MS analysis (33.8 % of the total area). FT-Orbitrap MS analysis found hundreds of oxygenated constituents in the bio-oils, belonging to the O2-7 classes, as well as nitrogen compounds from the Ny and OxNy classes. Higher pyrolysis temperatures resulted in more oxygenated phenolics (O4-7) undergoing secondary degradation and deoxygenation reactions, generating O2-3 compounds. Additional classes affected were O3-5N2-3, while O1-2N1 presented more stable compounds. These findings show that cassava bio-oils are promising sources of renewable chemicals.


Asunto(s)
Manihot , Oxígeno , Brotes de la Planta , Pirólisis , Manihot/química , Brotes de la Planta/química , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Nitrógeno , Biocombustibles , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Compuestos de Nitrógeno/química , Aceites de Plantas , Polifenoles
13.
Food Chem ; 455: 139761, 2024 Oct 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38850975

RESUMEN

Xylooligosaccharides (XOs) have shown high potential as prebiotics with nutritional and health benefits. In this work, XOs were obtained from highly purified, carboxy-reduced glucuronoarabinoxylans by treatment with Driselase®. The mixtures were fractionated, and the structures were elucidated by methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity was determined by the methods of DPPH and ß-carotene/linoleic acid. It was found that the most active oligosaccharides (P3 and G3) comprised 4 or 5 xylose units, plus two arabinoses and one 4-O-methylglucose as side chains, their sequence of units was determined. The optimal concentration for their use as antioxidants was 2 mg/mL. The synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 0.2 mg/mL) showed a percentage of inhibition 15% higher than P3. Although its concentration was ∼10 times higher, P3 is non-toxic, and could have great advantages as food additive. These results show that pure XOs exert significant antioxidant activity, only due to their carbohydrate nature.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Oligosacáridos , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Oligosacáridos/química , Xilanos/química , Glucuronatos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Brotes de la Planta/química
14.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 271(Pt 2): 132581, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38797301

RESUMEN

Bamboo shoot is a kind of widely distributed natural green vegetable, which has a long history of consumption and cultivation, and has edible, nutritional and economic value. Bamboo shoot is nutrient-rich food with carbohydrates, fats, proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids and other chemical components, can meet the body's needs. Notably, bamboo shoot polysaccharides are the most attractive saccharides, most of which are water-soluble polysaccharides, and their various biological activities have been paid more attention by researchers. With the deepening of research on bamboo shoot polysaccharides, they have been found to have anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-complement activities, immunomodulatory, etc. Further research on bamboo shoot polysaccharides, their sources, molecular weights, chemical structures, monosaccharide compositions and structural characteristics are constantly explored. In order to better research and development of bamboo shoot polysaccharides, it is necessary to carry on a comprehensive arrangement. Here, the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, health benefits, structure-activity relationships and product applications of bamboo shoot polysaccharides were systematically reviewed. This article will deepen the understanding of bamboo shoot polysaccharides, provide knowledge base for further research on bamboo shoot polysaccharides, and expand the vision for developing related products.


Asunto(s)
Brotes de la Planta , Polisacáridos , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Brotes de la Planta/química , Humanos , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad
15.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 271(Pt 1): 131979, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38821812

RESUMEN

A simple but robust strategy of ball milling (20 Hz, 30 Hz for 30 s, 60 s, 120 s, 180 s) was utilized to modify bamboo shoots fiber (BSDF) in shrimp surimi. The water holding capacity, swelling capacity, and oil binding capacity of 30 Hz-60 s milled BSDF exhibited the highest values of 5.61 g/g, 3.13 mL/g, and 6.93 g/g, significantly higher (P < 0.05) than untreated one (3.65 g/g, 2.03 mL/g, 4.57 g/g). Ball-milled BSDF exhibited a small-sized structure with the relative crystallinity decreased from 40.44 % (control) to 11.12 % (30 Hz-180 s). The myosin thermal stability, gelation properties of surimi were significantly enhanced by incorporating 20 Hz-120 s and 30 Hz-60 s BSDF via promoting protein unfolding, covalent hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding. A matrix-reinforcing and water entrapping effect was observed, exhibiting reinforced networks with down-sized water tunnels. However, BSDF modified at 180 s contributed to over-aggregated networks with fractures and enlarged gaps. Appropriate ball-milled BSDF (20 Hz-120 s, and 30 Hz-60 s) resulted in a significant decrease in α-helix (P < 0.05), accompanied by an increase of ß-sheets and ß-turn. This work could bring some insights into the applications of modified BSDF and its roles in the gelation of surimi-based food.


Asunto(s)
Fibras de la Dieta , Animales , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Brotes de la Planta/química , Agua/química , Fenómenos Químicos , Miosinas/química , Bambusa/química
16.
Food Chem ; 452: 139552, 2024 Sep 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38733684

RESUMEN

This study explores the impact of processing techniques on the bioactive composition and antioxidant properties of Bambusa nutans shoots, an underutilized superfood. Boiling resulted in a significant reduction of total phenols (39.52%), flavonoid (8.07%), and tannin (27.77%). Conversely, fermentation increased total phenols (25.92%), tannin (34.72%), and phytosterol (75.39%). Antioxidant activities were notably higher in fermented-shoots, as indicated by DPPH and FRAP assays, and in-vivo experiments demonstrated increased GSH (31.85%) and decreased LPO levels (11.12%) post-administration of fermented-shoots extract. Spectral analysis revealed an increased diversity of compounds in fermented shoots, with GC/MS identifying hexadecane-1-ol in significantly higher proportions and 11 characteristic bands in FTIR spectra. HPLC analysis demonstrated changes in phenolic acids and flavonoid content, with fermentation enhancing 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, 4'-hydroxycinnamic acid, benzene-1,2-diol, and luteolin contents. This study underscores the dynamic nature of B. nutans shoots, highlighting the potential for enhanced bioactivity and antioxidant properties through fermentation, offering promising avenues for culinary and pharmaceutical developments.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Extractos Vegetales , Brotes de la Planta , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/química , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Fenoles/metabolismo , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Fermentación , Animales
17.
PLoS One ; 19(5): e0302185, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38805421

RESUMEN

In this investigation, we explore the harnessing of bamboo shoot residues (BSR) as a viable source for ruminant feed through fungal treatment, with the overarching objective of elevating feed quality and optimizing bamboo shoot utilization. The white-rot fungi (Wr.fungi), Aspergillus niger (A.niger), and its co-cultures (A.niger&Wr.fungi) were employed to ferment BSR. And the impact of different fermentation methods and culture time on the chemical composition (Crude protein Ash, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibers), enzyme activity (Cellulase, Laccase, Filter paperase and Lignin peroxidase activities), and rumen digestibility in vitro were assessed. The findings reveal a nota ble 30.39% increase in crude protein in fermented BSR, accompanied by respective decreases of 13.02% and 17.31% in acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fibre content. Enzyme activities experienced augmentation post-fermentation with A.niger&Wr.fungi. Specifically, the peak Cellulase, Laccase, and Lignin peroxidase activities for BSR with Wr.fungi treatment reached 748.4 U/g, 156.92 U/g, and 291.61 U/g, respectively, on the sixth day of fermentation. Concurrently, NH3-N concentration exhibited an upward trend with prolonged fermentation time. Total volatile fatty acids registered a decline, and the Acetate/Propionate ratio reached its nadir after 6 days of fermentation under the A.niger&Wr.fungi treatment. These outcomes furnish a theoretical foundation for the development of ruminant feeds treated via fungal co-culture.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Fermentación , Rumiantes , Animales , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Aspergillus niger/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/química , Rumen/microbiología , Hongos/metabolismo
18.
Food Res Int ; 187: 114368, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38763647

RESUMEN

This study aimed to extract bamboo shoot protein (BSP) using different extraction approaches and compare their functional and physicochemical properties with commercial protein ingredients, including whey protein and soy protein isolates. The extraction methods including alkali extraction (AE), salt extraction (SE), and phosphate-aided ethanol precipitation (PE) were used. An enhanced solvent extraction method was utilized in combination, resulting in a significant improvement in the protein purity, which reached 81.59 %, 87.36 %, and 67.08 % respectively. The extraction methods had significant effects on the amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution, and functional properties of the proteins. SE exhibited the best solubility and emulsification properties. Its solubility reached up to 93.38 % under alkaline conditions, and the emulsion stabilized by SE with enhanced solvent extraction retained 60.95 % stability after 120 min, which could be attributed to its higher protein content, higher surface hydrophobicity, and relative more stable and organized protein structure. All three BSP samples demonstrated better oil holding capacity, while the SE sample showed comparable functional properties to soy protein such as foaming and emulsifying properties. These findings indicate the potential of BSP as an alternative plant protein ingredient in the food industry.


Asunto(s)
Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Proteínas de Plantas , Brotes de la Planta , Solubilidad , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Brotes de la Planta/química , Emulsiones/química , Aminoácidos/química , Aminoácidos/análisis , Peso Molecular , Proteína de Suero de Leche/química , Proteínas de Soja/química , Solventes/química
19.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(19): 11251-11258, 2024 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38699857

RESUMEN

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have been increasingly used in agricultural operations, leading to an urgent need for robust methods to analyze co-occurring ENPs in plant tissues. In response, this study advanced the simultaneous extraction of coexisting silver, cerium oxide, and copper oxide ENPs in lettuce shoots and roots using macerozyme R-10 and analyzed them by single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Additionally, the standard stock suspensions of the ENPs were stabilized with citrate, and the long-term stability (up to 5 months) was examined for the first time. The method performance results displayed satisfactory accuracies and precisions and achieved low particle concentration and particle size detection limits. Significantly, the oven drying process was proved not to impact the properties of the ENPs; therefore, oven-dried lettuce tissues were used in this study, which markedly expanded the applicability of this method. This robust methodology provides a timely approach to characterize and quantify multiple coexisting ENPs in plants.


Asunto(s)
Lactuca , Espectrometría de Masas , Nanopartículas del Metal , Raíces de Plantas , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Lactuca/química , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Raíces de Plantas/química , Cobre/análisis , Brotes de la Planta/química , Plata/química , Cerio/química , Tamaño de la Partícula
20.
Molecules ; 29(9)2024 Apr 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38731554

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Fatty acids are essential for human health. Currently, there is a search for alternative sources of fatty acids that could supplement such sources as staple crops or fishes. Turions of aquatic plants accumulate a variety of substances such as starch, free sugars, amino acids, reserve proteins and lipids. Our aim is to see if turions can be a valuable source of fatty acids. METHODS: Overwintering shoots and turions of aquatic carnivorous plants were collected. The plant material was extracted with hexane. The oils were analyzed using a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer. RESULTS: The dominant compound in all samples was linolenic acid. The oil content was different in turions and shoots. The oil content of the shoots was higher than that of the turions, but the proportion of fatty acids in the oils from the shoots was low in contrast to the oils from the turions. The turions of Utricularia species were shown to be composed of about 50% fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS: The turions of Utricularia species can be used to obtain oil with unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the high fatty acid content of turions may explain their ability to survive at low temperatures.


Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos , Brotes de la Planta , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Brotes de la Planta/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/análisis , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/análisis
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