RESUMEN
The peritoneal cavity, a fluid-containing potential space surrounding the abdominal and pelvic organs, is home to a rich network of immune cells that maintain tissue homeostasis and provide protection against infection. However, under pathological conditions such as peritonitis, endometriosis, and peritoneal carcinomatosis, the peritoneal immune system can become dysregulated, resulting in nonresolving inflammation and disease progression. An enhanced understanding of the factors that regulate peritoneal immune cells under both homeostatic conditions and in disease contexts is therefore required to identify new treatment strategies for these often life-limiting peritoneal pathologies. Type I interferons (T1IFNs) are a family of cytokines with broad immunoregulatory functions, which provide defense against viruses, bacteria, and cancer. There have been numerous reports of immunoregulation by T1IFNs within the peritoneal cavity, which can contribute to both the resolution or propagation of peritoneal disease states, depending on the specifics of the disease setting and local environment. In this review, we provide an overview of the major immune cell populations that reside in the peritoneal cavity (or infiltrate it under inflammatory conditions) and highlight their contribution to the initiation, progression, or resolution of peritoneal diseases. Additionally, we will discuss the role of T1IFNs in the regulation of peritoneal immune cells, and summarize the results of laboratory studies and clinical trials which have investigated T1IFNs in peritonitis/sepsis, endometriosis, and peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Asunto(s)
Inmunidad Celular , Inflamación/inmunología , Interferón Tipo I/farmacología , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Peritoneales/inmunología , Animales , Antivirales/farmacología , Humanos , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Inflamación/prevención & control , Enfermedades Peritoneales/metabolismo , Enfermedades Peritoneales/patología , Enfermedades Peritoneales/prevención & controlRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Intraperitoneal volume (IPV) should be individualized and aimed to maintain an intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) lower than 17 cm H2O. IPP is very variable, given its relation with body size. However, it is not yet fully understood which anthropometric variable mostly affects IPP and the relation between IPP and organomegaly in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) patients is not known. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to analyse the relation between antropometric variables and IPP in a large cohort of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and to identify if a relation between nephromegaly and IPP exists in PKD patients. METHODS: IPP was measured in PD patients and data was retrospectively collected. In PKD patients, total kidney volumes were measured in CT scans, and normalized with height (hTKV). RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients were included in the study, 18% affected by PKD. Mean IPP was 14.9 ± 2.9 cm H2O and it showed significant positive correlation with body mass index (BMI; ρ = 0.42, p < 0.001). No correlation was found between IPP and absolute IPV; conversely, IPP has a significant inverse correlation with IPV normalized with BMI and body surface area (ρ -0.38, p = 0.001 and ρ -0.25, p = 0.02, -respectively). Patients with IPP >17 cm H2O have significant larger BMI and lower IPV/BMI compared to those with IPP <17 cm H2O (29 ± 3.6 vs. 26 ± 4 kg/m2, p < 0.05 and 97 ± 15.5 vs. 109 ± 22 mL/kg/m2, p < 0.05). PKD patients have a wide variability in hTKV (range 645-3,787 mL/m2) and it showed a significant correlation with IPP/IPV (ρ = 0.6, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with larger BMI have greater IPP, irrespectively to IPV. In PKD patients, hTKV correlate with IPP/IPV ratio. However, given the wide range of distribution of hTKV, increased IPP cannot be presumed because of pre-existing polycystic kidney, but need to be quantified.
Asunto(s)
Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Diálisis Peritoneal , Enfermedades Renales Poliquísticas/complicaciones , Presión , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores , Pesos y Medidas Corporales , Femenino , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/diagnóstico , Fallo Renal Crónico/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tamaño de los Órganos , Diálisis Peritoneal/efectos adversos , Diálisis Peritoneal/métodos , Enfermedades Renales Poliquísticas/terapiaRESUMEN
Colonoscopy is a routine diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Along with the increase in the complexity of the procedures performed, the risk of complications increases. In 2017, WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) published the principles of safe colonoscopy. Intestinal perforation is one of the most common complications. The risk of perforation in treatment procedures such as mucosectomy or endoscopic dissection is significantly greater than the risk of diagnostic colonoscopy. The basic rule of the procedure in case of suspected perforation is close supervision over the patient's condition and the soonest possible repair of damage. The role of the endoscopist is not only early recognition, but also early treatment of damage. Immediate endoscopic treatment of lesions is an effective, final and acceptable management strategy. In patients who have undergone imaging diagnostics for another reason, free gas in the peritoneal cavity can be recognized. It does not have to mean the need for urgent surgical intervention. Patients with asymptomatic pneumoperitoneum after colonoscopy should, however, be treated as patients with suspected perforation of the large intestine and undergo careful clinical observation in accordance with WSES recommendations. Colonoscopy is a procedure with a risk of complications, which should be reported to patients qualified for endoscopy, but appropriate management reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure.
Asunto(s)
Colonoscopía/efectos adversos , Endoscopía/efectos adversos , Perforación Intestinal/terapia , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Neumoperitoneo/etiología , Neumoperitoneo/terapia , Humanos , Hallazgos Incidentales , Perforación Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Perforación Intestinal/etiología , Cavidad Peritoneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumoperitoneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumoperitoneo/cirugía , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Capnoperitoneum during laparoscopy leads to cranial shift of the diaphragm, loss in lung volume, and risk of impaired gas exchange. Infants are susceptible to these changes and bedside assessment of lung volume during laparoscopy might assist with optimizing the ventilation. Thus, the primary aim was to investigate the monitoring value of a continuous end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) assessment method based on CO2 dynamics ( EELV CO 2 ) in a pediatric capnoperitoneum model by evaluating the correlation and trending ability against helium washout (EELVHe ). METHODS: Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was randomly varied between 0, 6, and 12 mm Hg with CO2 insufflation, while positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels of 3, 6, and 9 cm H2 O were randomly applied in eight anesthetized and mechanically ventilated chinchilla rabbits. Concomitant EELV CO 2 and EELVHe and lung clearance index (LCI) were obtained under each experimental condition. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between EELV CO 2 and EELVHe before capnoperitoneum (r = .85, P < .001), although increased IAP distorted this relationship. The negative influence of IAP was counteracted by the application of PEEP 9, which restored the correlation between EELV CO 2 and EELVHe and resulted in 100% concordance rate between the methods regarding changes in lung volume. EELVHe and LCI showed a curvilinear relationship, and an EELVHe of approximately 20 mL kg-1 , determined with a receiver operating characteristic curve, was associated with near-normal LCI values. CONCLUSION: In this animal model of pediatric capnoperitoneum, reliable assessment of changes in EELV based on EELV CO 2 requires an open lung strategy, defined as EELV above approximately 20 mL kg-1 .
Asunto(s)
Dióxido de Carbono/administración & dosificación , Helio/administración & dosificación , Insuflación/métodos , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Neumoperitoneo/fisiopatología , Respiración con Presión Positiva/métodos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Laparoscopía/métodos , Mediciones del Volumen Pulmonar , Pediatría , ConejosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Peritoneal loose bodies are rare lesions that are usually found as an incidental finding during abdominal surgery. Large loose bodies, measuring more than 5 cm, are rare and only a few cases are reported in the literature. Peritoneal loose bodies are usually infarcted appendices epiploicae, which become detached and appear as a peritoneal loose body in the abdominal cavity. CASE PRESENTATION: We report here the first case, in the local Ethiopian context, of a giant "egg-like" loose peritoneal body measuring 7 × 6 cm found in a 50-year-old man who presented with a cramping abdominal pain and features of abdominal obstruction. The current hypothesis as regards these bodies and the diagnostic challenges is discussed. CONCLUSION: Small peritoneal loose bodies are common but giant and symptomatic ones', like the one discussed here, are very rare and a diagnostic challenge. And, in the context of intestinal obstruction, a high index of suspicion is needed in order to diagnose them.
Asunto(s)
Cuerpos Extraños/diagnóstico , Cuerpos Extraños/cirugía , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Cavidad Peritoneal/cirugía , Enfermedades Raras/diagnóstico , Etiopía , Humanos , Hallazgos Incidentales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether synthetic phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharides provide antimicrobial protection in clinically relevant models of bacterial infection. DESIGN: Laboratory study. SETTING: University laboratory. SUBJECTS: BALB/c, C57BL/10J, and C57BL/10ScNJ mice. INTERVENTIONS: Mice were treated with lactated Ringer's (vehicle) solution, monophosphoryl lipid A, or phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharides at 48 and 24 hours prior to intraperitoneal Pseudomonas aeruginosa or IV Staphylococcus aureus infection. Leukocyte recruitment, cytokine production, and bacterial clearance were measured 6 hours after P. aeruginosa infection. In the systemic S. aureus infection model, one group of mice was monitored for 14-day survival and another for S. aureus tissue burden at 3 days postinfection. Duration of action for 3-deacyl 6-Acyl phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharide was determined at 3, 10, and 14 days using a model of intraperitoneal P. aeruginosa infection. Effect of 3-deacyl 6-Acyl phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharide on in vivo leukocyte phagocytosis and respiratory burst was examined. Leukocyte recruitment, cytokine production, and bacterial clearance were measured after P. aeruginosa infection in wild-type and toll-like receptor 4 knockout mice treated with 3-deacyl 6-Acyl phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharide or vehicle to assess receptor specificity. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: During intraperitoneal P. aeruginosa infection, phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharides significantly attenuated infection-induced hypothermia, augmented leukocyte recruitment and bacterial clearance, and decreased cytokine production. At 3 days post S. aureus infection, bacterial burden in lungs, spleen, and kidneys was significantly decreased in mice treated with monophosphoryl lipid A or phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharides, which was associated with improved survival. Leukocyte phagocytosis and respiratory burst functions were enhanced after treatment with monophosphoryl lipid A or phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharides. A time course study showed that monophosphoryl lipid A- and 3-deacyl 6-Acyl phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharide-mediated protection against P. aeruginosa lasts for up to 10 days. Partial loss of augmented innate antimicrobial responses was observed in toll-like receptor 4 knockout mice treated with 3-deacyl 6-Acyl phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharide. CONCLUSIONS: Phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharides significantly augment resistance against clinically relevant Gram-negative and Gram-positive infections via enhanced leukocyte recruitment, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst functions of innate leukocytes. Improved antimicrobial protection persists for up to 10 days and is partially mediated through toll-like receptor 4.
Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Citocinas/metabolismo , Disacáridos/farmacología , Hexosaminidasa A/farmacología , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/fisiopatología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Western Blotting/métodos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Cavidad Peritoneal/microbiología , Distribución Aleatoria , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/mortalidad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Intracorporal colpotomy during radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer is discussed to be a risk factor for peritoneal dissemination of tumor cells. It might lead to increased recurrence rates after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy compared with abdominal hysterectomy, as shown by the recent LACC study. Data on the frequency or mechanisms of peritoneal contamination are missing. We aimed to analyze peritoneal contamination of cervical secretion during intracorporal colpotomy with a novel indocyaningreen (ICG)-based technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective proof-of-principle study, patients undergoing routine laparoscopic or robot-assisted hysterectomy were selected. ICG was specifically applied to the cervical surface and routine surgery was performed. During colpotomy, pictures under white and fluorescence light were taken to evaluate frequency of contamination. RESULTS: By using cervically applied ICG we were able to visualize directly peritoneal contamination with cervical secretion during intracorporal colpotomy. We detected peritoneal contamination in 9/12 (75%) patients undergoing routine laparoscopic hysterectomy. Contamination of laparoscopic instruments occurred in 60% of the patients. When contamination occurred, it was routinely detectable during all steps of colpotomy. There were no adverse effects during surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal contamination with cervical secretion frequently occurs during intracorporal colpotomy. This novel technique represents a promising tool for feasible and direct visualization of peritoneal contamination during colpotomy. The technique may be easily implemented in further studies on laparoscopic and abdominal hysterectomy and serve as a quality assessment tool for surgeons and surgical techniques.
Asunto(s)
Colpotomía/efectos adversos , Histerectomía/métodos , Verde de Indocianina/efectos adversos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Colpotomía/métodos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Histerectomía/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/fisiopatología , Laparoscopía/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Estudios Prospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patologíaAsunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Arteria Hepática/crecimiento & desarrollo , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Sirolimus/efectos adversos , Tacrolimus/efectos adversos , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Hematoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Hematoma/etiología , Hematoma/cirugía , Arteria Hepática/patología , Arteria Hepática/cirugía , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Readmisión del Paciente , Cavidad Peritoneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Cuidados Posoperatorios/métodos , Reoperación/métodos , Medición de Riesgo , Rotura Espontánea/diagnóstico por imagen , Sirolimus/uso terapéutico , Tacrolimus/uso terapéutico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Fiber intake influences disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract and is associated with systemic inflammation in the general population. Systemic and intraperitoneal inflammation play an important role in defining outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD), but the relationship between dietary fiber intake and inflammatory biomarkers has not yet been reported in the population on PD. The objective of the present study is to analyze whether or not fiber intake in patients on PD is associated with serum and intraperitoneal levels of inflammatory biomarkers. DESIGN AND METHODS: Adult and clinically stable PD patients were included in this observational and cross-sectional study. Fiber intake was assessed by means of a dietary survey and calculated using the DietPro program 5.6i. The population was divided into two groups according to the median fiber intake. We investigated interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), B-cell-activating factor, and plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 in both serum and peritoneal fluid. The latter was determined after a dwell time of 4 hours. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients (42% men; aged 53 ± 14 years, 36% diabetics) were evaluated. Low intake of dietary fiber was found in 90% of patients, with a median of 12.2 g per day (3.4-33.3). The group with the highest fiber intake presented lower intraperitoneal levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. In contrast, only MCP-1 was lower in the serum of those who consumed more fiber. All the associations remained significant after adjustment for confounders with plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 included. CONCLUSIONS: Patients on PD frequently present inadequate dietary fiber intake, which appears to have an association with the inflammatory response, particularly in the intraperitoneal component. Further prospective studies, evaluating whether or not a dietetic intervention with a focus on fiber intake affects these biomarkers and clinical outcomes, are essential to determine causality and clinical relevance.
Asunto(s)
Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Estudios Transversales , Dieta , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) increases in sitting and upright positions and is related to some individual characteristics. Adverse effects can appear with IPP > 20 cm H2O. Few studies about peritoneal transport or abdominal wall problems have directly measured IPP. We measured IPP in our prevalent PD patients to identify the clinical factors related to its variability and its possible association with peritoneal transport and abdominal wall complications. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, observational study of our stable PD patients. Intraperitoneal pressure was measured using the Durand's method in supine, sitting, and upright position. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients were included, 70% males, mean age 61.1 ± 15 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.9 ± 5.2 kg/m2. The mean of supine IPP was 18.0 ± 4.4 cm H2O. Intraperitoneal pressure in sitting and upright positions were similar and higher than in supine. Supine IPP showed a positive correlation with BMI (p < 0.0005) and comorbidity (p < 0.05). A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that BMI and comorbidity (p < 0.005) had a positive correlation with IPP; time on PD and daily total ultrafiltration (UF) (p < 0.005) showed a negative correlation. Patients with an IPP ≥ 20 cm H2O had more hernias (35% vs 17%) and leakages (21% vs 8%) without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Our supine IPPs were higher than others published in adults. Intraperitoneal pressure has an individual value associated with body size. Greater IPP was correlated with lower daily total UF and more hernias and leakages. The measurement of IPP is a simple technique and can help with PD prescription, especially in obese patients.
Asunto(s)
Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Diálisis Peritoneal/métodos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Pared Abdominal/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diálisis Peritoneal/efectos adversos , Presión , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
A surgical trauma results within minutes in exudation, platelets, and fibrin deposition. Within hours, the denuded area is covered by tissue repair cells/macrophages, starting a cascade of events. Epithelial repair starts on day 1 and is terminated by day 3. If repair is delayed by decreased fibrinolysis, local inflammation, or factors in peritoneal fluid, fibroblast growth starting on day 3 and angiogenesis starting on day 5 results in adhesion formation. For adhesion formation, quantitatively more important are factors released into the peritoneal fluid after retraction of the fragile mesothelial cells and acute inflammation of the entire peritoneal cavity. This is caused by mechanical trauma, hypoxia (e.g., CO2 pneumoperitoneum), reactive oxygen species (ROS; e.g., open surgery), desiccation, or presence of blood, and this is more severe at higher temperatures. The inflammation at trauma sites is delayed by necrotic tissue, resorbable sutures, vascularization damage, and oxidative stress. Prevention of adhesion formation therefore consists of the prevention of acute inflammation in the peritoneal cavity by means of gentle tissue handling, the addition of more than 5% N2O to the CO2 pneumoperitoneum, cooling the abdomen to 30°C, prevention of desiccation, a short duration of surgery, and, at the end of surgery, meticulous hemostasis, thorough lavage, application of a barrier to injury sites, and administration of dexamethasone. With this combined therapy, nearly adhesion-free surgery can be performed today. Conditioning alone results in some 85% adhesion prevention, barriers alone in 40%-50%.
Asunto(s)
Fatiga/prevención & control , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Cavidad Peritoneal/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/efectos adversos , Adherencias Tisulares , Animales , Fatiga/etiología , Fatiga/metabolismo , Fatiga/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Dolor Postoperatorio/metabolismo , Dolor Postoperatorio/fisiopatología , Cavidad Peritoneal/patología , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
Endometriosis is a disorder associated with a general inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity. Oxidative stress is a potential factor involved in the pathophysiology of this disease, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in this process. Indeed, in healthy individuals, ROS and antioxidants are in balance, but when balance is tipped toward an overabundance of ROS, oxidative stress occurs and can impact the entire reproductive lifespan of a woman. Reactive oxygen species are intermediaries produced by normal oxygen metabolism but are known to have deleterious effects. Excessive release of ROS induces cellular damage and alters cellular function by regulating protein activity and gene expression, leading to harmful effects. To protect themselves, cells have developed antioxidant systems to limit production of ROS, inactivate them, and repair cell damage. Understanding of the control of hemoglobin, heme, and iron-induced redox balance in endometriosis led us to propose a number of hypotheses to explain why oxidative stress is induced in case of pelvic endometriosis. Erythrocytes, apoptotic endometrial tissue, and cell debris transplanted into the peritoneal cavity by menstrual reflux and macrophages have all been cited as potential inducers of oxidative stress. Erythrocytes are likely to release pro-oxidant and proinflammatory factors, such as hemoglobin and its highly toxic by-products heme and iron, into the peritoneal environment. Iron and heme are essential to living cells, but unless appropriately chelated, free iron, and to a lesser extent heme, play a key role in the formation of deleterious ROS.
Asunto(s)
Endometriosis/etiología , Estrés Oxidativo , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangre , Endometriosis/sangre , Endometriosis/fisiopatología , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Femenino , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Hierro/sangre , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/sangre , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Preservation of peritoneal cavity homeostasis and peritoneal membrane function is critical for long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of key molecular pathways driving peritoneal membrane alterations leading to PD failure. miRNAs regulate the expression of the majority of protein coding genes in the human genome, thereby affecting most biochemical pathways implicated in cellular homeostasis. In this review, we report published findings on miRNAs and PD therapy, with emphasis on evidence for changes in peritoneal miRNA expression during long-term PD treatment. Recent work indicates that PD effluent- (PDE-) derived cells change their miRNA expression throughout the course of PD therapy, contributing to the loss of peritoneal cavity homeostasis and peritoneal membrane function. Changes in miRNA expression profiles will alter regulation of key molecular pathways, with the potential to cause profound effects on peritoneal cavity homeostasis during PD treatment. However, research to date has mainly adopted a literature-based miRNA-candidate methodology drawing conclusions from modest numbers of patient-derived samples. Therefore, the study of miRNA expression during PD therapy remains a promising field of research to understand the mechanisms involved in basic peritoneal cell homeostasis and PD failure.
Asunto(s)
Homeostasis/efectos de los fármacos , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Diálisis Peritoneal/efectos adversos , Fibrosis Peritoneal/etiología , Fibrosis Peritoneal/metabolismo , Animales , Soluciones para Diálisis/efectos adversos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , HumanosAsunto(s)
Pancreatectomía/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/cirugía , Hemorragia Posoperatoria , Humanos , Páncreas/patología , Páncreas/fisiopatología , Pancreatectomía/métodos , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/clasificación , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/etiología , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/fisiopatología , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare soft tissue tumour which belongs to fibroblastic/myofibroblastic group of tumours. The most often it appears in pleura, also in pericardium, internal organs, peritoneum and extraperitoenal space. SFT was first described as a new type of pleura's tumour by Klemperer and Rabin in 1931. The histogenesis of SFT's has been discussed for years suggesting its mesothelial origin. Recently, SFT has been classified as a mesenchymal fibroblastic tumour. We report a very rare case of 71-year old man suffering from gigantic solitary fibrous tumour of extraperitoneal space who underwent curative surgery in the Department of General, Gastroenterological and Oncologic Surgery in 2011.
Asunto(s)
Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Tumores Fibrosos Solitarios/diagnóstico , Tumores Fibrosos Solitarios/patología , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Tumores Fibrosos Solitarios/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Monitoreo Fisiológico/métodos , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Diálisis Peritoneal/métodos , Presión , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/diagnóstico , Fallo Renal Crónico/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Diálisis Peritoneal/efectos adversos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Curva ROC , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A 91 year old patient presented with constipation, abdominal distension, weakness and anorexia lasting for two days. Computed tomography revealed multiple peritoneal masses with significant growth within days and local invasiveness without regard to anatomical boundaries. No lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly were found. Abdominal paracentesis showed 60,000 cells/mm3 presumed to be neutrophils. During follow-up, there were no clinical or radiographic signs of peritonitis. Trans-abdominal true-cut biopsy from the peritoneal masses was consistent with diffuse large B cell lymphoma germinal center B cell type, clinically presenting as peritoneal lymphomatosis. FISH cytogenetic study identified single BLC-6 gene in the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. We speculated that this aberration in the patient's immune system cells contributed to this rare, unusual and aggressive lymphoma presentation in an otherwise non-immune compromised patient.
Asunto(s)
Ascitis/etiología , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso , Neoplasias Peritoneales , Supuración/etiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ascitis/diagnóstico , Ascitis/fisiopatología , Líquido Ascítico/patología , Biopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Reordenamiento Génico de Linfocito B , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/complicaciones , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/genética , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/patología , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/fisiopatología , Masculino , Invasividad Neoplásica , Cavidad Peritoneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Neoplasias Peritoneales/complicaciones , Neoplasias Peritoneales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Peritoneales/fisiopatología , Supuración/patología , Supuración/fisiopatología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
The main osmotic agent used in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution is glucose because of its great osmotic power, simple metabolism, and safety. Once into the systemic circulation, however, glucose can be a cause for metabolic complications including hyperglycemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia. The glucose absorbed from peritoneal cavity leads to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, which is associated with oxidative stress. Long-term exposure of peritoneal membrane to glucose in PD solution also has local effects such as functional and structural changes leading to peritoneal membrane failure. Moreover, the intraperitoneal glucose absorption induces conditions similar to postprandial hyperglycemia, which is a proven independent risk factor of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Though speculative, glucose toxicity might explain a higher mortality of PD patients after the first few years compared with those on hemodialysis. Glucose degradation products (GDPs) induce apoptosis of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs), renal tubular epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, and facilitating epithelial mesenchymal transition of PMCs. GDPs provide a stronger reactivity than glucose in the formation of advanced glycation end-products, a known cause for microvascular complications and arteriosclerosis. Unfortunately, clinical studies using a low-GDP PD solution have provided mixed results on the residual renal function, peritonitis, peritoneal membrane function, and mortality; consistent outcome data are not readily available at present.
Asunto(s)
Soluciones para Diálisis/efectos adversos , Glucosa/metabolismo , Cavidad Peritoneal/fisiopatología , Diálisis Peritoneal/efectos adversos , Apoptosis , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Soluciones para Diálisis/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Femenino , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/etiología , Hiperglucemia/fisiopatología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Despite many years of extensive investigations and increasing number of studies, the pathogenesis of endometriosis remains unclear Accumulated data suggests that disrupted iron metabolism may induce oxidative stress in the peritoneal cavity of endometriosis patients.