Cover Essay: La Gente, Controllers of the Universe.

Diego Rivera's mural El hombre controlador del universo (1934) can be read as foreshadowing the anxieties and optimisms about atomic power that shaped popular culture in Mexico during the nuclear age. In epic fashion, Rivera's vision affirms the agency of ordinary people in the face of a technological epoch while eerily anticipating the bipolarity of the Cold War, themes that would be revisited by Julián Soler in his film Santo contra Blue Demon en la Atlantida (1969), which bears out the prophecy of Rivera's mural.

Call it a conspiracy: How conspiracy belief predicts recognition of conspiracy theories.

While conspiracy theories are treated as irrational fringe beliefs in popular culture, conspiracy belief is quite common. Given the disconnect between stereotypes about conspiracy belief and its prevalence, I tested whether people have difficulty recognizing the conspiracy theories that they believe as conspiracy theories. Across two studies I demonstrate that people have considerable difficulty identifying conspiracy theories they believe as conspiracy theories, particularly when they do not take much time to consider whether their beliefs might be conspiracy theories. This is consistent with the notion that people experience "conspiracy blindness." People have trouble recognizing the conspiracy theories they believe as conspiracy theories because they do not take the time to consider whether their beliefs might be conspiracy theories. In Study 2, I demonstrate that people can overcome their conspiracy blindness and recognize the conspiracy theories they believe as conspiracy theories when they are given a definition for "conspiracy theory" and asked to consider their answer. This suggests that people are typically ignorant of their own conspiracy beliefs, but capable of recognizing them when given the tools and motivation to do so. However, recognizing their beliefs as conspiracy theories does not reduce their adherence to those beliefs.

Contextualizing the Impact of Pop Culture on Breast Implant Illness and its Medical Relevance.

INTRODUCTION: Despite a lack of data demonstrating causation, there is growing concern over breast implants and systemic illness. This study examines the impact of rising public interest in breast implant illness (BII) and its implications on breast implant removals (BIR). METHODS: A Google Trends (GT) analysis of each year between 2010 and 2022 was performed globally, and then separately for the United States alone (US), using the search terms "capsular contracture," "breast implant illness," and "breast implant(s) removal". Linear regression was performed to determine significant correlations. Data on BII-related Facebook advocacy groups, relevant pop culture events, numbers of BIR surgeries, and number of BII-related publications were collected and analyzed alongside GT data to determine relevance. RESULTS: For global GT, there was a significant relationship between "breast implant illness" and "breast implant(s) removal" in 2016 (R2=0.62, ß =0.33, p<0.01), 2020 (R2=0.53, ß =0.23, p=0.01), and 2022 (R2=0.60, ß =0.44, p=0.01). In the US, 2016 (R2=0.53, ß =1.75, p=0.01) 2018 (R2=0.61, ß =1.93, p<0.01) and 2020 (R2=0.72, ß=0.91, p<0.01) were significant. In 2020, "capsular contracture" and "breast implant(s) removal" was significant in the US (R2=0.58, ß=0.4, p=0.01). In 2016, Facebook was the platform for the largest BII advocacy group and in 2020 YouTube was the platform for the first BII documentary and TEDx talk. From 2010 to 2020, PubMed publications containing "ASIA" and "BII" increased 24-fold and ASPS reports on BIR rose 70%. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that BII is a topic of global concern and has implications on both academic medicine and clinical practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

"Música Paraense" e Terruá Pará: identidade regional, indústria cultural e psicologia das massas / "Pará Music" and Terruá Pará: regional identity, cultural industry and mass psychology / La «Musique Paraense¼ et le Terruá Pará: identité régionale, l'industrie culturelle et la psychologie des foules / "Música Paraense" y Terruá Pará: identidad regional, industria cultural y psicología de las masas

Desde a consolidação de emissoras de rádio e TV no Pará, a mídia local propaga a ideia de uma "música paraense", título utilizado com frequência em uma série de eventos recentemente produzidos dentro e fora do estado. Ao contestar essa singularização, a presente pesquisa apresenta uma análise psicossociológica dos mecanismos que operam na inter-relação entre indústria cultural e formação de massas, utilizando como objeto privilegiado de estudo o espetáculo Terruá Pará. Visando tal intento, além do recurso à revisão bibliográfica, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental sobre parte do material impresso produzido para a terceira edição do festival. Em termos conclusivos, defende-se que o Terruá Pará, embora pautado por um discurso pretensamente racional em prol da valorização da música regional, torna-se dialeticamente promotor de irracionalidades expressas na sugestão de modos de subjetivação específicos que, desconsiderando diversidades, acabam por reduzir o seu público consumidor à qualidade de multidão abstrata

Since the consolidation of radio and TV broadcasters in Pará, local media has propagated the idea of a "Pará music," moniker often used in a series of events produced in and outside the State. By contesting such singularization, this psychosociological analysis unveils the mechanisms that mediate cultural industry and mass formation by analyzing the spectacle Terruá Pará. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was conducted, as well as a documentary research concerning part of the printed material produced for the festival's third edition. In conclusion, although Terruá Pará appears based on an allegedly rational discourse to value regional music, it dialectically promotes irrationalities expressed in specific modes of subjectivation that, disregarding diversity, reduce its consuming public to the quality of abstract crowd

Depuis la consolidation des stations de radio et télévision à l'état du Pará, les médias locaux ont diffusé l'idée d'une «musique paraense¼, expression souvent utilisée dans une série d'événements récemment produits dans cet état autant que dehors. En contestant cette singularisation, cette recherche présente une analyse psychosociologique des mécanismes agissant dans l'interrelation entre l'industrie culturelle et la formation des foules, en prenant comme objet principal d'étude le spectacle Terruá Pará. Dans ce but, outre le recours à l'étude bibliographique, on a mené une recherche documentaire sur une partie du matériel imprimé produit pour la troisième édition du festival. En conclusion, on soutient que Terruá Pará, bien que guidé par un discours prétendument rationnel en faveur de la valorisation de la musique régionale, devient dialectiquement promoteur d'irrationalités exprimées par la suggestion de modes de subjectivation spécifiques qui, en ignorant les diversités, finissent par réduire son public consommateur à une foule abstraite

Desde la consolidación de las estaciones de radio y televisión en Pará, los medios locales han difundido la "musica paraense", título de uso frecuente en eventos producidos dentro y fuera del Estado. Al impugnar esta singularización, esta investigación presenta un análisis psicosociológico de los mecanismos que operan en la interrelación entre la industria cultural y la formación de masas, utilizando como objeto privilegiado de estudio el espectáculo Terruá Pará. Además del uso de la revisión bibliográfica, fue llevada a cabo una investigación documental sobre parte del material producido para la tercera edición del festival. En conclusión, se argumenta que Terruá Pará, aunque guiado por un discurso supuestamente racional a favor de la valorización de la música regional, se convierte dialécticamente en promotor de irracionalidades expresadas en la sugerencia de modos específicos de subjetivación que, sin tener en cuenta las diversidades, reducen su público consumidor a la calidad de multitud abstracta

Tiempo de pantallas y parentalidad: desafíos y problemáticas / Screen time and parenthood: challenges and problema / Temps d'écran et parentalité: défis et problèmes / Tempo de telas e parentalidade: desafíos e problemas

Este trabajo se basa en una serie de experiencias que decantaron del trabajo realizado con padres en escuelas. Se propone como objetivo abordar los malestares, desafíos y problemáticas que la inmersión virtual de niños y adolescentes le presenta a la parentalidad. En base a las características cambiantes de la cultura conectiva y el grado de familiaridad que los adultos tienen con la tecnología, se marcan dos tiempos de ese trabajo, los iniciales y los actuales, para dar cuenta de una serie de variantes e invariantes que se fueron presentando con el correr de los años. Se desglosan problemáticas que fueron trabajadas grupalmente en los talleres, algunas relacionadas con la ajenidad tecnológica y otras con una marcada naturalización en padres más digitalizados como los actuales, nacidos en un mundo tecnológico. Se aborda la falta de cuidado online, el desacople entre dispositivos institucionales y tecnológicos, el anhelo parental de sistemas de control y filtros, la conmoción que la destreza digital genera en la relación asimétrica, la dinámica de los grupos de WhatsApp de padres, entre tantas otras. El trabajo sostiene que la parentalidad consiste en un dispositivo de donación que, a pesar de los cambios, sigue propiciando la construcción lenta, pero infatigable de un entramado psíquico AU

This work is based on a series of experiences derived from the work carried out with parents in schools. The objective is to address the discomforts, challenges and problems that the virtual immersion of children and adolescents presents to parenting. Based on the changing characteristics of the connective culture andthe degree of familiarity that adults have with technology, two periods of this work are marked, the initial ones and the current ones, to account for a series of variants and invariants that were presented over the years.Problems that were worked on as a group in the workshops are broken down, some related to technological alienation and others with a marked naturalization in more digitized parents like today's parents, born in a technological world. It addresses the lack of online care, the disconnection between institutional and technological devices, the parental desire for control systems and filters, the shock that digital skill generates in the asymmetric relationship, the dynamics of parents' WhatsApp groups, among many others.The work maintains that parenting consists of a donation device that, despite the changes, continues to promote the slow but tireless construction of a psychic framework AU

Ce travail s'appuie sur une série d'expériences dérivées du travail réalisé avec les parents dans les écoles. L'objectif est d'aborder les inconforts, les défis et les problèmes que l'immersion virtuelle des enfants et des adolescents présente à la parentalité. En fonction des caractéristiques changeantes de la culture connective et du degré de familiarité des adultes avec la technologie, deux périodes de ce travail sont marquées, la période initiale et la période actuelle, pour rendre compte d'une série devariantes et d'invariants qui se sont présentés au cours de la période. années.Les problèmes qui ont été travaillés en groupe dans les ateliers sont décomposés, certains liés à l'aliénation technologique et d'autres avec une naturalisation marquée chez des parents plus numérisés comme les parents d'aujourd'hui, nés dans un monde technologique. Il aborde le manque de soins en ligne, la déconnexion entre les dispositifs institutionnels et technologiques, le désir parental de systèmes de contrôle et de filtres, le choc que génère la compétence numérique dans la relation asymétrique, la dynamique des groupes WhatsApp de parents, entre autres. L'ouvrage soutient que la parentalité consiste en un dispositif de don qui, malgré les changements, continue de promouvoir la construction lente mais infatigable d'un cadre psychique AU

Este trabalho baseia-se numa série de experiências derivadas do trabalho realizado com os pais nas escolas. O objetivo é abordar os desconfortos, desafios e problemas que a imersão virtual de crianças e adolescentes apresenta à parentalidade. Com basenas características mutáveis da cultura conectiva e no grau de familiaridade que os adultos têm com a tecnologia, são marcados dois períodos deste trabalho, os iniciais e os atuais, para dar conta de uma série de variantes e invariantes que foram se apresentando ao longo do anos.São decompostos problemas que foram trabalhados em grupo, alguns relacionados com a alienação tecnológica e outros com uma marcada naturalização em pais mais digitalizados como os pais de hoje, nascidos num mundo tecnológico. Aborda a falta de atendimento online, a desconexão entre dispositivos institucionais e tecnológicos, o desejo parental por sistemas e filtros de controle, o choque que a habilidade digital gera no relacionamento assimétrico, a dinâmica dos grupos de WhatsApp dos pais, entre muitos outros.O trabalho sustenta que a parentalidade consiste num dispositivo de doação que, apesar das mudanças, continua a promover a construção lenta mais incansável de um quadro psíquico.Palavras chaves: infancia, adolescencia, virtualidade, subjetificação, parentalidade, dispositivo AU

Using Google Trends for Evaluation of Public Interest in Female Genital Aesthetic Procedures.

BACKGROUND: Genital aesthetics is a treatment that is increasing in popularity. OBJECTIVE: To clarify public interest in genital aesthetic procedures among women between 2004 and 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 12 terms including labiaplasty, vaginoplasty, perineoplasty, laser vaginal rejuvenation, labia cosmetic surgery, vaginal cosmetic surgery, vaginal tightening, genital bleaching, hymenoplasty, clitoroplasty, labiaplasty cost, and vaginal laser were reviewed. To evaluate public attention to female genital aesthetic procedures between January 1, 2004, and January 1, 2022, three 6-year periods were compared about the abovementioned 12 terms. RESULTS: Public attention to labiaplasty and hymenoplasty was significantly higher in 2010 to 2016 than in 2004 to 2010 and 2016 to 2022. Vaginoplasty, laser vaginal rejuvenation, and labia cosmetic surgery terms were researched significantly less in 2010 to 2016 and 2016 to 2022 than in 2004 to 2010 (p = .001). Public interest in vaginal tightening and labiaplasty cost significantly increased from 2004 to 2022. Finally, the term vaginal laser was researched most between 2016 and 2022 (p = .001). CONCLUSION: This study found that public attention to labiaplasty cost and vaginal tightening continuously increased between 2004 and 2022. In addition, public interest in the term vaginal laser significantly increased after 2016. By contrast, vaginoplasty, laser vaginal rejuvenation, and labia cosmetic surgery terms were researched significantly less after 2010.

As Ozempic's Popularity Soars, Here's What to Know About Semaglutide and Weight Loss.

This Medical News article discusses chronic weight management with semaglutide, sold under the brand names Ozempic and Wegovy.

Popular fad diets: An evidence-based perspective.

Despite the emergence of stronger nutritional science over the past two decades, fad diets remain highly popular. However, growing medical evidence has led to the endorsement of healthy eating patterns by medical societies. This thus allows fad diets to be compared to the emerging scientific evidence as to which diets promote or damage health. In this narrative review, the most popular current fad diets are critically analyzed, including low-fat diets, vegan and vegetarian diets, low-carbohydrate diets, ketogenic diets, Paleolithic diets, and intermittent fasting. Each of these diets has some scientific merit, but each has potential deficiencies relative to the findings of nutritional science. This article also presents the common themes that emerge among the dietary guidance of leading health organizations, such as the American Heart Association and the American College of Lifestyle Medicine. While there are important distinctions between dietary recommendations emanating from various medical societies, each recommends eating more unrefined, plant-based foods, while eating fewer highly processed foods and added sugars, and avoiding excessive calorie consumption as an important nutritional strategy for the prevention and management of chronic conditions and promotion of overall health.

Popular diets as selected by adults in the United States show wide variation in carbon footprints and diet quality.

BACKGROUND: Carbon footprints of vegetarian, pescatarian, and other popular diets have been studied previously, but mostly as idealized versions modeled to meet dietary recommendations. Less is known about the footprints of popular diets as they are consumed by US adults, and thus the potential trade-offs with diet quality for free-living individuals. OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the carbon footprint and diet quality of popular diets as selected by a nationally representative sample of US consumers, including the recently trending keto- and paleo-style diets. METHODS: The 2005-2010 NHANES 24-h recall data were used to categorize individual adult diets (n = 16,412) into 6 types: vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian, paleo, keto, and all other diets, referred to here as omnivore diets. Average daily greenhouse gas emissions in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per 1000 kcal (kg CO2-eq/1000 kcal) were calculated for each diet by matching our previously developed database to NHANES individual diet data. Diet quality was determined using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index. Survey-weighted ordinary least-squares regression was used to assess mean differences in diets. RESULTS: The average carbon footprints of vegan (0.69 ± 0.05 kg CO2-eq/1000 kcal) and vegetarian (1.16 ± 0.02) diets were lower (P < 0.05) than those of the pescatarian (1.66 ± 0.04), omnivore (2.23 ± 0.01), paleo (2.62 ± 0.33), or keto (2.91 ± 0.27) diets. Mean HEI scores were highest for pescatarian diets (58.76 ± 0.79) and higher (P < 0.05) for vegetarian (51.89 ± 0.74) than for omnivore (48.92 ± 0.33) or keto (43.69 ± 1.61) diets. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the nuances when evaluating the nutritional quality of diets and their carbon footprints. On average, pescatarian diets may be the healthiest, but plant-based diets have lower carbon footprints than other popular diets, including keto- and paleo-style diets.

Análise acerca de contágio psíquico e fenômenos de massa segundo Edith Stein / Analysis about psychic contagion and mass phenomenons according toEdith Stein

O presente artigo objetiva analisar os fenômenos de massa em seus aspectos psicológicos a partir das contribuições de E. Stein, considerando o impacto e potenciais consequências destrutivas desses fenômenos como apontados por H. Arendt ao estudar governos totalitários. Após contextualizar o debate acercado tema, ocorrido nas últimas décadas do século XIX e as primeiras do século XX, o trabalho pretende reconstruir os passos da análise fenomenológica conduzida por Stein no ensaio sobre o contágio psíquico que é parte da obra Contribuições para uma fundamentação filosófica da Psicologia e das Ciências do Espirito, publicada em 1922. Nessa análise, a autora descreve em detalhe o dinamismo através do qual o fenômeno do contágio psíquico se inicia e se alastra na vivência pessoal e de grupo. O estudo conduzido comprova a originalidade, atualidade e utilidade acerca dessa contribuição da filósofa alemã, inclusive para a psicologia e psiquiatria contemporâneas

This paper aims to analyze mass phenomena in their psychological aspects through the contributions of E. Stein, considering the impact and potential destructive consequences of such phenomena pointed out by H. Arendt when studying totalitarian governments. After contextualizing the debate on the subject, whichtook place in the last decades of the 19th century and the first decades of the20th century, this work intends to reconstruct the steps of the phenomenological analysis conducted by Stein in the essay on psychic contagion that is part of the work Contributions to a philosophical foundation of Psychology and Sciences of the Spirit, published in 1922. In this analysis, the author describes in detail the dynamism through which the phenomenon of psychic contagion begins and spreads in personal and group experiences. The study conducted proves the originality, relevance and usefulness of this contribution of the German philo-sopher, regarding the contemporary psychology and psychiatry

Distinctions in the making: A theoretical discussion of youth and cultural capital.

The aim of this paper is to address the dynamics of contemporary cultural capital by interrogating what counts for young people as valuable cultural resources. Considerable support is given in later scholarship for Bourdieu's model of the social space, as the overall volume of economic and cultural capital combined is regularly found to be the most important axis of opposition, just as in Bourdieu's work Distinction. Yet, while Bourdieu found the second axis to be structured by an opposition between those with cultural rather than economic capital, and vice versa, many later studies instead find oppositions between the young and the old to structure the second axis. Up till now, this finding has not been adequately addressed. In this paper, we hold that considering age-related inequalities offers a powerful way of interpreting recent developments in order to understand the changing stakes of cultural capital, and also their interaction with the intensification of inequalities in economic capital. After a theoretical clarification of the relationship between cultural capital and youth, we will synthesise research on young people and explore the significance of youthful cultural consumption. We will pragmatically focus on the 15-30 years old and put a particular accent on Norwegian studies in our review, as they are the most sophisticated in this genre. Four areas are explored: the restricted role of classical culture; the appeal of popular culture; digital distinctions, and moral-political positions as markers of distinction.

Educação popular em saúde e a convivência com o semiárido: diálogos em verso, prosa e cenopoesia / Popular education in health and living with the semi-arid region: dialogues in verse, prose and scenopoetry

Esta obra traz as produções construídas a partir das linguagens da arte, da prosa, da poesia e da cenopoesia nos momentos de reflexão individuais e coletivos, nas ações educativas e dialógicas de interação entre os diferentes atores sociais, tanto no Curso de Especialização/Aperfeiçoamento em Educação Popular para a Promoção de Territórios Saudáveis na Convivência com o Semiárido como nas ações de interação e/ou intervenção nos territórios. Além de saborear as delícias da sabedoria trazida pelos mestres da cultura popular, podemos trazer nosso corpo inteiro para nos colocarmos no lugar que estas palavras em prosa, poesia e cenopoesia nos levam a vivenciar através das belezas que aqui se apresentam. Esta obra também nos presenteia com a possibilidade de podermos compartilhar com amigos/as, companheiros/as de luta e de jornadas os roteiros cenopoéticos, as poesias em encontros, cursos e atividades na nossa caminhada de produção de vida e libertação!

The power within: Mass media, scientific entertainment, and the introduction of psychical research into China, 1900-1920.

How did a new science initially promoted by only a few individuals eventually become a widespread cultural phenomenon practiced and known by thousands of people? Following a transnational approach, this article traces the introduction of psychical research into China during the first two decades of the 20th century. Known in the Republican period (1912-1949) as Spiritual Science (xinling kexue or xinling yanjiu), psychical research flourished between the 1920s and 1930s, playing a key role in the popularization of applied psychology and mind-cure across China. This article takes a step back from the heyday of Spiritual Science by looking at the period that immediately preceded and helped define it. Focused on wide-circulation newspapers, popular manuals, and stage performances, it teases out the ways in which Chinese popular culture translated European, American, and Japanese psychical research to local Chinese audiences in the midst of China's search for modernity. By naturalizing the reality of psychic powers, spiritual scientists blurred the boundaries between science and superstition in a period when these were posited as diametrically opposed.

The Dissemination, Influence, and Efficiency of Jameson's Cultural Theory Combined with Chinese Mass Culture and Mass Sports Culture in the Sustainable Development of China.

Fredric Jameson's cultural theory forms a crucial part of the Western Marxist theory. Jameson's postmodern cultural theory includes cultural expansion, cultural history, cultural hyperspace, cultural ideology, and so on. The cultural expansion includes the outline of popular sports culture. (1) Content: In order to further understand the acceptance of Jameson's cultural theory in China, this paper explores the communication of Jameson's cultural theory in different cultural groups, different regions, and different communication channels in China based on the questionnaire survey in a larger span of social groups. Meanwhile, based on Jameson's theory, it also reveals that sports is an effective way to achieve national stability and rejuvenation. Mainstream culture not only leads fashion, educates the people, serves society, and promotes development but also has the common characteristics of mass culture, commerce, entertainment, popularity, and media dependence. Sports is both mainstream culture and mass culture, which is the positive energy shared by both. (2) Methods: In order to understand the special meaning of Jameson's cultural theory and its influence on Chinese mass culture and sports, this paper systematically explains Jameson's cultural theory and gives a critical explanation to Jameson's cultural theory, different regions, and different communication channels in China based on the questionnaire survey in a large span of mass culture and sports groups. (3) Results: the majority of readers who buy and read Jameson's cultural works are mainly 25-35 years old with high educational background. The top three regions for the number of consumers who buy his papers and books are Zhejiang, Hubei, and Guangzhou; the top three regions in the number of understanding Jameson's cultural theory are Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen; 41.62% of the respondents only know Jameson's name but have not been exposed to his work; and 34.59% of the respondents have learned about his work through news feeds. (4) Conclusion: the influence of Jameson's cultural theory on Chinese mass culture and sports community is on the rise. Systematic sorting and interpretation of Jameson's cultural knowledge can provide support for Chinese mass culture and mass sports culture to carry forward socialist cultural thoughts.

Dermatographism in popular culture.

Dermatographism was first described by William Heberden (1710-1801) more than 250 years ago as a type of urticaria brought on by rubbing or scratching the skin. In 1859, William Gull (1816-1890) gave it the name factitious urticaria, distinguishing dermatographism from chronic urticaria, in which the skin lesions appear spontaneously. During the 1870s French physicians at the Salpetriere Hospital in Paris became impressed by their ability to write words on the bodies of patients admitted with hysteria and other psychiatric disorders, who also exhibited dermatographism. At first, they described this phenomenon as "autographisme," but by 1890 it became known as "dermographisme," the forerunner of the current term "dermatographism." At the Salpetriere and elsewhere in the world, it became fashionable to photograph patients with dermatographism, to capture the striking urticarial writing on their skin. These photographs were used in atlases and to illustrate dermatology texts and medical journals as well as popular magazines. This contribution presents several vintage photographs of dermatographism from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. Dermatographism has also become featured in popular culture including film, comic books, poetry, and body art, examples of which are provided in this contribution with the assistance of two of our authors, Ariana Page Russell and Jeannine Hall Gailey, who have embraced their dermatographism and have used their artistic and poetic talents to educate and inspire patients about this common skin condition.

Does space matter? Estimation and evaluation of required space for commercial mass culture of grasshoppers (Acridoidea: Orthoptera).

A space-dependent mortality assay was performed on thirty-one short-horned adult grasshopper species (Acridoidea: Orthoptera) to estimate the space required for mass culture of acridids in captivity. Our findings show that acridids have a multidimensional mortality mode at different densities. The correlations between density and mortality of acridids in rearing units follow a sigmoidal curve. Acridid mortality significantly increases with individual numbers up to a threshold, after which mortality does not change even if the density increases further. A log-logistic sigmoidal function expresses the dose (density)-response (mortality) relationship in the majority of acridid species. Mortality of acridids at variable densities does not necessarily correspond with the body-mass of the insects, indicating that mortality is a body-mass independent event. As a ready reference, a utility chart has been prepared, providing the necessary conversion factor for estimating space for a given number of acridids. The present information will be helpful for commercial grasshopper farming in captivity.

Critical assessment of protozoa contamination and control measures in mass culture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is considered a promising "cell factory" for high-value products fucoxanthin and EPA. But its potential has not been realized due largely to microbial contamination. In this study, seven protozoan strains were identified, of which a heterolobosean amoeba was identified as the most frequently occurring and destructive predator in P. tricornutum culture. The addition of 400 mg L-1 NH4HCO3 inhibited amoeba proliferation with little impact on algal growth. Halting culture mixing at night induced a hypoxia environment that further inhibited amoeba growth. Regardless of culture systems employed, a periodical supply of proper amounts of NH4HCO3 alone or in combination with halting culture mixing at night may prevent or treat protozoa contamination in mass culture of P. tricornutum.

Pistas do trabalho de Paulo Benedetti como gestor e produtor de cinema em Barbacena-MG no início do século XX / Ways from paulo benedetti's work as manager and cinema producer in Barbacena-Minas Gerais-Brasil at the beginning of the 20th century

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar pistas do trabalho de gestão e produção de cinema realizado por Paulo Benedetti em Barbacena-MG no início do século XX. Para isso, recorreu-se a análise documental. Conclui-se que Benedetti foi pioneiro na inauguração da primeira casa de projeção fixa de Barbacena e das primeiras filmagens realizadas na cidade; o seu trabalho não foi desenvolvido unicamente de modo autônomo, pois o mesmo filmou também junto a acordos comerciais; houve diversidade de temáticas em seus roteiros, que incluíram, por exemplo, diferentes locais de Barbacena e outros divertimentos da época; a produção dos filmes se deram por motivação própria e também via encomendas.

This article aims to present clues to the work of film management and production carried out by Paulo Benedetti in Barbacena-Minas Gerais-Brasil at the beginning of the 20th century. For this, we resorted to document analysis. It is concluded that Benedetti was a pioneer in the inauguration of the first fixed projection house in Barbacena and the first filming carried out in the city; his work was not developed solely autonomously, as he also filmed together with commercial agreements; there was a diversity of themes in their scripts, which included, for example, different places in Barbacena and other entertainments of the time; the production of the films took place by their motivation and also via commissions.