Are sex differences in the outcome of peritoneal dialysis explained by nurse assistance? A cohort study with data from the Registre de Dialyse Péritonéale de Langue Française.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate sex differences in peritoneal dialysis (PD) outcomes and to explore direct and indirect effects of nurse-assisted PD on outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective study using data from the Registre de Dialyse Péritonéale de Langue Française of incident PD patients between 2005 and 2016. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to analyse transfer to haemodialysis (HD), death, PD failure, peritonitis and renal transplantation. Mediation analyses with a counterfactual approach were carried out to evaluate natural direct and indirect effects of sex on transfer to HD and peritonitis, with nurse-assisted PD as a mediator a priori. RESULTS: Of the 14 659 patients included, there were 5970 females (41%) and 8689 males (59%). Women were more frequently treated by nurse-assisted PD than men [2926/5970 (49.1%) versus 3357/8689 (38.7%)]. In the multivariable analysis, women had a lower risk of transfer to HD [cause-specific hazard ratio {cs-HR} 0.82 {95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77-0.88}], death [cs-HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.85-0.95)], peritonitis [cs-HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.78-0.87)], PD failure [cs-HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.83-0.90)] and a lower chance of undergoing transplant [cs-HR 0.83 (95% CI 0.77-0.90)] than men. There was a direct effect of sex on the risk of transfer to HD [cs-HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.82-0.83)], with an indirect effect of nurse-assisted PD [cs-HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.96-0.99)]. Nurse-assisted PD had no indirect effect on the risk of peritonitis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that compared with men, women have a lower risk of both transfer to HD and peritonitis. Mediation analysis showed that nurse assistance was a potential mediator in the causal pathway between sex and transfer to HD.

Nonsurgical and Minimally Invasive Correction of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Complications.

Peritoneal dialysis catheter complications that require nonsurgical or noninvasive correction by peritoneal dialysis (PD) nurses or practitioner are reviewed. Topics reviewed include compromised PD fluid flow, pericatheter fluid leakage, mechanical integrity disruption, catheter extrusion, and exit site/tunnel complications.

Assistência de enfermagem em diálise peritoneal: aplicabilidade da teoria de orem - estudo de método misto / Asistencia em enfermería em diálisis peritoneal: aplicabilidad de la teoría de orem - estudio de método mixto / Nursing assistance in peritoneal dialysis: applicability of orem theory -mixed method studya

Resumo Objetivo Compreender a aplicabilidade da Teoria Geral de Enfermagem de Orem na assistência prestada aos pacientes em diálise peritoneal domiciliar. Método Estudo de método misto. Na etapa quantitativa realizou-se uma pesquisa transversal, descritiva e exploratória, com 34 pacientes em diálise peritoneal. Aplicou-se um instrumento para caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica e a escala de avaliação da capacidade para o autocuidado - Appraisal of Self Care Agency Scale Revised. Análise dos dados por estatística descritiva. Na abordagem qualitativa, utilizou-se a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Realizaram-se 23 entrevistas domiciliares com 19 participantes. Análise dos dados seguiu as codificações aberta, axial e seletiva. Resultados Dos participantes, 59% tinham capacidade para o autocuidado operacionalizado. Os pacientes em diálise peritoneal atenderam, em diferentes graus, às seis categorias de requisitos de autocuidado de desvio de saúde para a realização da terapia em domicílio. O apoio e a educação destacaram-se como modalidade de sistema de Enfermagem. Conclusão e implicação para a prática A Teoria Geral de Enfermagem de Orem se aplica na assistência de Enfermagem a pessoas em diálise peritoneal. Sugere-se sua utilização como suporte teórico para o Processo de Enfermagem.

Resumen Objetivo comprender la aplicabilidad de la teoría general de enfermería de Orem para ayudar a los pacientes en diálisis peritoneal en el hogar. Método estudio de método mixto. En la etapa cuantitativa, se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio con 34 pacientes en diálisis peritoneal. Se aplicó un instrumento para la caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica y la escala para evaluar la capacidad de autocuidado - Evaluación de la escala de la agencia de autocuidado revisada. Análisis de datos mediante estadística descriptiva. En el enfoque cualitativo, se utilizó la teoría fundamentada. Se realizaron 23 entrevistas domiciliarias con 19 participantes. El análisis de datos siguió una codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. Resultados de los participantes 59% tenían la capacidad de autocuidado operacionalizado. Los pacientes en diálisis peritoneal cumplieron, en diversos grados, las seis categorías de requisitos de autocuidado para la desviación de salud para realizar la terapia en el hogar. El apoyo y la educación se destacaron como una modalidad del sistema de enfermería. Conclusión e implicación para la práctica la teoría general de enfermería de Orem se aplica a los cuidados de enfermería para personas en diálisis peritoneal. Su uso se sugiere como soporte teórico para el Proceso de Enfermería.

Abstract Objective To understand the applicability of Orem's General Nursing Theory in assisting patients on peritoneal dialysis at home. Method Mixed method study. In the quantitative stage, a cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study was carried out with 34 patients on peritoneal dialysis. An instrument was applied for sociodemographic and clinical characterization and the scale for assessing the capacity for self-care - Appraisal of Self Care Agency Scale Revised. Analysis of data using descriptive statistics. In the qualitative approach, Grounded Theory was used. 23 home interviews were conducted with 19 participants. Data analysis followed open, axial and selective coding. Results 59% of the participants had the capacity for operationalized self-care. Patients on peritoneal dialysis met, to varying degrees, the six categories of self-care requirements for health deviation to perform therapy at home. Support and education stood out as a modality of the Nursing system. Conclusion and implication for practice Orem's General Nursing Theory applies to nursing care for people on peritoneal dialysis. Its use is suggested as a theoretical support for the Nursing Process.

Efficacy of Omaha system-based nursing management on nutritional status in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

ABSTRACT: The chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients may have a variety of complications during receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). The malnutrition in CKD patients is related to their lower life quality, higher hospitalization rates, and higher risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as the increased morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is very important to monitor and then manage the nutritional status of CKD patients. Thus, we perform this randomized controlled study protocol to introduce a continuing nursing program based on Omaha system (OS) for the patients with CKD receiving PD treatment.The randomized trial will be implemented from November 2020 to May 2021 and was granted through the Research Ethics Committee of Wuhan No.1 Hospital (2020003281). Two hundred patients meet inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria are included.Patients who meet the following criteria will be selected: voluntary participation, aged 20 to 60; undergoing the regular PD treatment for at least 3 months. Patients will be excluded if the patients are in unstable status, or experience the intermittent PD or some other kinds of dialysis mode, have severe cachexia, infection, or malnutrition, or if they have mental disorders. In control group, patients are given routine treatment, containing general guidance associated with PD and the outpatient telephone calls from the clinical nurses during follow-up. In study group, the patients are given the continuous nursing treatment scheme based on OS. The clinical results are the biochemical parameters after intervention, anthropometry, as well as the subjective global assessment.Table 1 reveals the clinical endpoints between the 2 groups.This protocol can guide nurses to develop a nursing program based on evidence for patients with CKD receiving PD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry6202).

Conhecimento e Atitude: perfil de pessoas com diabetes em diálise / Knowledge and attitude: profile of diabetics in dialysis / Conocimiento y actitud: perfil de personas con diabetes en diálisis

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento e o enfrentamento do diabetes junto a pessoas com diabetes em diálise. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com pacientes com diabetes tipo 2. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Diabetes Knowledge Scale Questionnaire (DKN-A) e o Diabetes Attitude Questionnaire (ATT-19). Resultados: participaram 71 pacientes, com idade média de 61,81±14,93 anos. A retinopatia diabética foi a complicação prevalente (81,69%); hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi a comorbidade (83,09%). A glicemia em jejum apresentou mediana de 152 (124-228,5) mg/dl e a hemoglobina glicada de 7,5 (6,42-8,27) mg/dl. O DKN-A apresentou escore médio de 7,84±2,55 pontos; seu item com maior número de acertos foi a conduta em caso de hipoglicemia; enquanto o com menor número de acertos foi em relação à cetonúria e substituições alimentares. O instrumento ATT-19 obteve média de 50,26±11,7 pontos. Conclusão: pessoas com diabetes, em diálise, apresentam conhecimento deficiente em relação ao diabetes, assim como baixo enfrentamento da doença.

Objective: to identify knowledge of, and coping with, diabetes mellitus among diabetics undergoing dialysis. Method: in this cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes, the instruments used were the Diabetes Knowledge Scale Questionnaire (DKN-A) and Diabetes Attitude Questionnaire (ATT-19). Results: mean age of the 71 participants was 61.81 ± 14.93 years. The most prevalent complication was diabetic retinopathy (81.69%), and the most prevalent comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension (83.09%). Median fasting glycemia and glycated hemoglobin were 152 (124-228.5) mg/dl and 7,5 (6,42-8,27) mg/dl, respectively. Average DKN-A score was 7.84 ± 2.55; the highest success rate was on how to respond to hypoglycemia; the lowest was about ketones in urine and substitute foods. Mean ATT-19 score was 50.26 ± 11.7. Conclusion: the diabetics in dialysis showed deficient knowledge of diabetes and had negative attitudes to the disease.

Objetivo: identificar el conocimiento y el afrontamiento de la diabetes mellitus entre los diabéticos en diálisis. Método: en este estudio transversal de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Diabetes Knowledge Scale Questionnaire (DKN-A) y Diabetes Attitude Questionnaire (ATT-19). Resultados: la edad media de los 71 participantes fue de 61,81 ± 14,93 años. La complicación más prevalente fue la retinopatía diabética (81,69%) y la comorbilidad más prevalente fue la hipertensión arterial sistémica (83,09%). La mediana de la glucemia en ayunas y la hemoglobina glucosilada fueron 152 (124- 228,5) mg / dl y 7,5 (6,42-8,27) mg / dl, respectivamente. La puntuación promedio de DKN-A fue de 7,84 ± 2,55; la tasa de éxito más alta fue sobre cómo responder a la hipoglucemia; el más bajo fue sobre las cetonas en la orina y los alimentos sustitutos. La puntuación media de ATT-19 fue 50,26 ± 11,7. Conclusión: los diabéticos en diálisis mostraban un conocimiento deficiente de la diabetes y actitudes negativas hacia la enfermedad.

Knowledge Acquisition: What Do Our Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis Really Know about Albumin Consumption?

Patients receiving peritoneal dialysis historically have difficulty keeping albumin and phosphorus levels within therapeutic ranges on a consistent basis. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess if patients receiving peritoneal dialysis had a working nutritional knowledge related to albumin levels and to determine if increasing egg consumption would result in an increase of albumin levels. This study was conducted using a prospective quantitative pre-test/post-test knowledge test and assessing the recorded pre-albumin and pre-phosphorus lab values from the electronic medical record, which are drawn each month, and compare them over a one-month period. A convenience sample collection was conducted among 30 adult individuals receiving peritoneal dialysis. Findings in this study suggest that education continues to be a key component for positive outcomes for this patient population.

The Peritoneal Dialysis Transfer Set Replacement Procedure.

Peritoneal dialysis transfer sets (extension lines) are replaced every six to nine months to minimize peritoneal dialysis catheter complications. The aim of this study was to compare a revised non-bag transfer set exchange procedure with the standard bag exchange procedure on nursing time, costs, and safety. Thirty-three people were randomized to two groups - a standard bag exchange procedure group (n = 16) and a non-bag transfer set exchange procedure group (n = 17). The standard bag exchange procedure took a median of 32 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 25 to 38 minutes) compared to the non-bag transfer set exchange procedure of 6 minutes (IQR 4 to 8 minutes) (p Ò 0.0001). There was one episode of peritonitis in each group within the 72-hour follow-up period. The average cost of the non-bag transfer set exchange procedure was $24.54 lower, a 37% cost reduction. This study has shown the revised non-bag transfer set replacement procedure appears to be safe, consume less participant and staff time, and decreases costs.

Intervención de enfermería para disminuir la depresión en pacientes con diálisis peritoneal en un hospital de Veracruz / Nursing intervention to reduce depression in patients with peritoneal dialysis in a Veracruz hospital

Introducción: la depresión en personas con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) tiene efectos en el cumplimiento y aceptación del régimen terapéutico empleado. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de una intervención psicoeducativa de enfermería en la disminución de los síntomas de depresión en pacientes adscritos al Programa de Diálisis Peritoneal del Hospital General de Zona No.32 de Minatitlán, Veracruz. Metodología: estudio cuasi experimental; la muestra se integró con 8 pacientes y el muestreo se estableció por conveniencia. Se utilizó el inventario de depresión de Beck II y se aplicó una intervención de enfermería. Resultados: participaron más mujeres (75%), con 50% que utiliza DPA y 50% DPCA. La depresión mínima (37.5%) y la depresión leve (37.5%) predominaron antes de la intervención; luego de la intervención predominó el grado de depresión mínima (87.5%). La media fue de 14.88 en la prueba preliminar y 5.88 en la posterior (p = 0.007). Conclusiones: la intervención de enfermería mostró eficacia al disminuir los grados de depresión en los pacientes con ERC.

Introduction: Depression in a person with chronic kidney disease (CKD), has an impact on the fulfillment and acceptance of the therapeutic regimen used. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a psychoeducational nursing intervention to reduce depression symptoms in patients assigned to the peritoneal dialysis program of the General Hospital of Zone No.32 of Minatitlán, Ver. Methods: Quasi-experimental, study. Sample was 8 patients. Sampling was by Convenience. The Beck-II Depression Inventory was used; a nursing psychoeducational intervention was applied. Results: Most of the participants were women (75%); 50% uses DPA and 50% DPCA. Minimum depression (37.5%) and mild depression (37.5%) predominated before the intervention; after intervention, the minimum depression level predominated (87.5%). The average in the Pretest was 14.88 and 5.88 in the Posttest (p = .007). Conclusion: The nursing psychoeducational intervention showed efficacy to decrease depression levels in the group of CKD patients studied.

Impact of the implementation of an assisted peritoneal dialysis service on peritoneal dialysis initiation.

BACKGROUND: There is limited information available on the impact that provision of an assisted peritoneal dialysis (PD) service has on the initiation of PD. The aim of this study was to assess this impact in a centre following initiation of assisted PD in 2011. METHODS: This retrospective, single-centre study analysed 1576 patients incident to renal replacement therapies (RRTs) between January 2002 and 2017. Adjusted Cox regression with a time-varying explanatory variable and a Fine and Gray model were used to examine the effect of assisted PD use on the rates and cumulative incidence of PD initiation, accounting for the non-linear impact of RRT starting time and the competing risks (transplant and death). RESULTS: Patients starting PD with assistance were older than those starting unassisted: median (interquartile range): 70.0 (61.5-78.3) versus 58.7 (43.8-69.2) years old, respectively. In the adjusted analysis assisted PD service availability was associated with an increased rate of PD initiation [cause-specific hazard ratio (cs-HR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.21-2.61]. During the study period, the rate of starting PD fell before flattening out. Transplantation and death rates increased over time but this did not affect the fall in PD initiation [for each year in the study cs-HR of starting PD 0.95 (0.93-0.98), sub-distribution HR 0.95 (0.94-0.97)]. CONCLUSIONS: In a single-centre study, introducing an assisted PD service significantly increased the rate of PD initiation, benefitting older patients most. This offsets a fall in PD usage over time, which was not explained by changes in transplantation or death.

Effect of nurse-led food exchange intervention for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis
.

AIM: We aimed to apply nurse-led food exchange model intervention to peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and verify its effectiveness. BACKGROUND: Protein-energy malnutrition is a prominent problem in patients on PD, and it has been estimated that 40% of PD patients suffer from malnutrition to some extent. INTRODUCTION: The rate of malnutrition among PD patients has been relatively high in recent years. Although a lot of effort has been made to alter the situation, an effective method has yet to be implemented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 142 patients according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided them into study group (n = 71) and control group (n = 71) using a random-number table generated by SPSS22.0. The control group received routine dietary guidance and instruction while the study group received nurse-led food exchange intervention. The subjective global assessment (SGA) scale scores, nutrition parameter, and dialysis efficacy indicators between the two groups were compared at baseline and after 12 months of intervention. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in all dimensions at the baseline measures (p > 0.05). However, after 12 months of intervention, the study group represented a higher score of SGA while the control group declined, which was significantly different (p = 0.022). The study group had an improved level of body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, middle-arm muscle circumference, serum albumin, prealbumin, and normalized protein catabolic rate, while the control group showed decreased levels, and these results were significantly different (p = 0.001, p = 0.019, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.043, respectively). Moreover, blood urea nitrogen declined in the study group and increased in the control group, which was significantly different (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Nurse-led food exchange model intervention improved nutrition condition of PD patients dramatically. Implications for nursing and/or health policy: Our study provides a basis for health policy designers to develop nutrition programs and encourage clinical nurses to participate in PD patients' diet management.

Visita domiciliar como suporte da enfermagem na diálise peritoneal: revisão integrativa / Visita domiciliaria como asistencia de enfermería en la diálisis peritoneal: revisión integradora / Home visit as a support for nursing in peritoneal dialysis: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Identificar na literatura como a visita domiciliar é utilizada pelo enfermeiro como ferramenta do cuidado em dialise peritoneal domiciliar. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura de artigos em periódicos, a partir de uma questão norteadora, no período de janeiro de 2014 a janeiro de 2019. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases Scielo; Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, Embase e Cinahl. Resultados Identificaram-se 10 artigos de acordo com as etapas da revisão e as respostas à pergunta norteadora. A visita domiciliar realizada pelo enfermeiro foi descrita como ferramenta de adesão ao tratamento. A prevenção de complicações, como a peritonite, foi citada pelos autores, que em sua maioria, eram médicos e enfermeiros. Conclusão O enfermeiro assiste integralmente ao paciente e família e, assegura o tratamento proposto com fidedignidade. As intervenções de enfermagem no domicílio previnem eventos adversos e frequente avaliação de indicadores do tratamento. Estimular estudos primários nessa área é imprescindível, visto que poucos estudos sobre a temática foram identificados na presente revisão.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar en la literatura cómo se utiliza la visita domiciliaria del enfermero como herramienta de cuidado en diálisis peritoneal domiciliaria. Métodos Revisión integradora de la literatura de artículos en revistas especializadas, a partir de una pregunta orientadora, en el período de enero de 2014 a enero de 2019. La búsqueda bibliográfica fue realizada en las bases Scielo, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, Embase y Cinahl. Resultados Se identificaron diez artículos de acuerdo con las etapas de la revisión y las respuestas a la pregunta orientadora. La visita domiciliaria realizada por el enfermero se describió como herramienta de adherencia al tratamiento. La prevención de complicaciones, como la peritonitis, fue citada por los autores que, en su mayoría eran médicos y enfermeros. Conclusión El enfermero asiste al paciente y a la familia de forma integral y garantiza que el tratamiento propuesto sea fidedigno. Las intervenciones de enfermería en el domicilio previenen eventos adversos y una evaluación frecuente de indicadores del tratamiento. Es imprescindible estimular estudios primarios en esta área, ya que se identificaron pocos estudios sobre esta temática en la presente revisión.

Abstract Objective To identify in the literature how home visit is used by nurses as a tool of care in home peritoneal dialysis. Methods An integrative review of the literature of articles in journals, from a guiding question, from January 2014 to January 2019. The bibliographic search was carried out at Scielo, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Results Ten articles were identified according to the review steps and the answers to the guiding question. The home visit performed by nurses was described as a treatment adherence tool. Complication prevention, such as peritonitis, was cited by the authors, who were mostly physicians and nurses. Conclusion Nurses assist patients and family members in full and ensure the proposed treatment with reliability. Nursing interventions at home prevent adverse events and frequent assessment of treatment indicators. Boosting primary studies in this area is essential, since few studies on the subject have been identified in the present review.

Pacientes em diálise peritoneal: associação entre diagnósticos de enfermagem e seus componentes / Pacientes en diálisis peritoneal: relación entre diagnósticos de enfermería y sus componentes / Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: association between nursing diagnoses and their components

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre os diagnósticos de enfermagem e suas características definidoras, fatores relacionados ou de risco para pacientes em diálise peritoneal. Métodos: Estudo de validação de conteúdo realizado com seis enfermeiros nefrologistas, os quais participaram no presente estudo como peritos. Utilizou-se a técnica de grupo focal. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a regressão logística. Resultados: Para os quatro diagnósticos de enfermagem estudados foram identificados associação com seus componentes como segue. Fadiga: anemia, falta de energia e verbalização de uma constante falta de energia; Deambulação prejudicada: capacidade prejudicada de subir e descer calçadas, capacidade prejudicada de subir escadas e força muscular insuficiente; Constipação: ingestão insuficiente de líquidos, atividade física insuficiente, dor à evacuação, fezes duras e formadas; Volume de líquidos excessivo: mecanismos reguladores comprometidos, azotemia, ingestão maior que o débito, ganho de peso em curto período e eletrólitos alterados. Conclusão: Os diagnósticos analisados integram os domínios: atividade/repouso, eliminação e troca e nutrição e representam associação com seus componentes para os pacientes em diálise peritoneal.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre los diagnósticos de enfermería y sus características definitorias, factores relacionados o de riesgo en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal. Métodos: Estudio de validación de contenido realizado con seis enfermeros nefrólogos, que participaron en este estudio como peritos. Se utilizó la técnica de grupo focal. Para analizar los datos se utilizó la regresión logística. Resultados: Se identificaron relaciones en los cuatro diagnósticos de enfermería estudiados con sus componentes de la siguiente forma. Fatiga: anemia, falta de energía y verbalización de una constante falta de energía; Deterioro de la deambulación: deterioro de la capacidad de subir y bajar escaleras, deterioro de la capacidad de subir escaleras y fuerza muscular insuficiente; Constipación: ingesta insuficiente de líquidos, actividad física insuficiente, dolor al evacuar, heces oscuras y formadas; Volumen excesivo de líquidos: mecanismos reguladores comprometidos, azotemia, ingesta mayor que las pérdidas, aumento de peso en corto período y electrolitos alterados. Conclusión: Los diagnósticos analizados integran los dominios: actividad/reposo, eliminación y cambio y nutrición y representan relación con sus componentes en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between nursing diagnoses and their defining characteristics, related or risk factors for patients on peritoneal dialysis. Methods: Content validation study with six nephrologist nurses, who participated in the study as experts. The focus group technique was used. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: For the four nursing diagnoses studied, was identified an association with its components as follows. Fatigue: anemia, insufficient energy and verbalization of a sustained exhaustion; Impaired walking: impaired ability to navigate curbs, impaired ability to climb stairs and insufficient muscle strength; Constipation: insufficient fluid intake, insufficient physical activity, pain with defecation, hard and formed stools; Excess fluid volume: compromised regulatory mechanisms, azotemia, intake exceeds output, weight gain over short period of time, and electrolyte imbalance. Conclusion: The analyzed diagnoses integrate the following domains: activity/rest, elimination and exchange and nutrition, and are associated with its components for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Ações do enfermeiro na capacitação do usuário e família em diálise peritoneal / La enfermera para el su formación y la familia em la diálisis peritoneal / Nurse actions on user and family training in peritoneal dialysis

The purpose of this study was to know the contributions of nurses to users and their families regarding the training of peritoneal dialysis. The method of descriptive and exploratory bibliographic review with a qualitative approach was used. We obtained as a result some strategies found by nurses to enable users to perform the therapy at home, among them, the need for this professional to have a broad knowledge of the family of the user, in order to verify the good performance of the treatment. Studies show that nurses help reduce the suffering of individuals and their families, as they have the role of facilitating access to care and spiritual resources. Several contributions of the nurse to therapy learning were observed by the research. These contributions allow the human being an integral care and provide the individual and his family with the possibility for self-care at home.

Objetivou-se conhecer as contribuições do enfermeiro para usuários e familiares frente à capacitação da diálise peritoneal. Foi utilizado o método de revisão bibliográfica descritiva e exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. Obteve-se como resultado algumas estratégias encontradas por enfermeiros para capacitar os usuários a realizar a terapia em seu domicílio, entre elas, à necessidade deste profissional deter um amplo conhecimento da família do usuário, a fim de verificar o bom desempenho do tratamento. Estudos demonstram que o enfermeiro auxilia na diminuição do sofrimento dos indivíduos e suas famílias, na medida em que, têm o papel de facilitar o acesso aos recursos assistenciais e espirituais. Diversas contribuições do enfermeiro para aprendizagem da terapia foram observadas pela pesquisa. Contribuições essas que permitem ao ser humano um cuidado integral e fornecem ao indivíduo e sua família a possibilidade para o autocuidado domiciliar.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las contribuciones de lãs enfermeras a los pacientes y las familias que enfrentan la formación de la diálisis peritoneal. Se utilizó el método de revisión de la literatura enfoque cualitativo descriptivo y exploratorio. se obtuvo como resultado algunas de las estrategias que se encuentran por las enfermeras para que los usuarios puedan realizar la terapia en su casa, entre ellos la necesidad de esta bodega profesional de un amplio conocimiento de la família del usuario, con el fin de verificar el cumplimiento del tratamiento. Los estudios muestran que la enfermera ayuda a reducir el sufrimiento de las personas y sus familias, en la medida en que tienen la función de facilitar el acceso a la atención y los recursos espirituales. Varias de las contribuciones de las enfermeras a la terapia de aprendizaje fueron observados por la encuesta. Estas contribuciones que permiten al ser humano el cuidado integral y proporcionar al individuo y su familia La posibilidad para el hogar autocuidado.

Factors associated with nurse assistance among peritoneal dialysis patients: a cohort study from the French Language Peritoneal Dialysis Registry.

Background: No information is available regarding nurse-assisted peritoneal dialysis (PD) in non-elderly subjects. This study was carried out to estimate the rate of nurse-assisted PD among non-elderly patients and to assess which individual and centre factors were associated with nurse-assisted PD. The other objective was to estimate the magnitude of the centre effect on the utilization of nurse-assisted PD using hierarchical modelling. Methods: This was a retrospective study based on data from the French Language Peritoneal Dialysis Registry. Patients incident on PD > 18 and < 65 years of age were included. Results: There were 2269 incidents of PD initiation between January 2008 and December 2012 in 127 PD centres with 114 (5%) on family-assisted PD and 272 (12%) on nurse-assisted PD. At the individual level, compared with autonomous patients, nurse assistance was associated with age {odds ratio [OR] 1.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-2.13]}, gender [OR 0.47 (95% CI 0.35-0.64)], comorbidities and underlying nephropathy. There was significant heterogeneity between centres in the nurse assistance utilization (variance of random effect 0.12). At the centre level, the type of centre, centre experience, centre organization and private nurse density were not associated with nurse-assisted PD. Conclusions: The rate of nurse-assisted PD among non-elderly patients was 12%. There was a significant centre effect in the utilization of nurse assistance that was not explained by the centres' characteristics. Nurse-assisted PD utilization in non-elderly patients is associated with patient characteristics and also with centre practices.

Percepción del cuidado de enfermería del sujeto de cuidado y de enfermería en una institución de salud / Perception of nursing care of the subject of care and nursing in a health institution

La hemodiálisis y la diálisis peritoneal constituyen terapias de carácter crónico de gran impacto en la calidad de vida de las personas que sufren de enfermedad renal. El deterioro continuo y constante que implica esta patología, constituye varios desafíos para enfermería, uno de ellos es el cuidado del enfermo y su cuidador familiar, dadas las condiciones que permanentemente deben ajustarse según sus necesidades. Orientar el cuidado de enfermería teniendo en cuenta la percepción de los pacientes favorece el cumplimiento de la misión de las instituciones, mejorar la calidad de vida de los mismos y su grupo familiar desde el rol de cada miembro del equipo. Objetivo: Describir y comparar la percepción del cuidado de enfermería que tiene el adulto con enfermedad renal crónica y enfermería en una unidad renal en el I semestre 2018. Metodología: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, corte transversal. La investigación empleó la fuente primaria como medio para obtener la información sobre la percepción de cuidado de enfermería que tiene el paciente y enfermería con la técnica de diligenciamiento de instrumentos. Para el análisis de la información se acudió a estadística descriptiva, medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión; e inferencial mediante pruebas no paramétricas para comparación de grupos. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS. Resultados: Se vincularon 92 pacientes en terapia renal (50 hemodiálisis y 42 diálisis peritoneal) y 16 participantes que hacen parte del equipo de enfermería. Los pacientes otorgaron un puntaje mayor al comportamiento de cuidado brindado por enfermería (88,3% pacientes en hemodiálisis y 90,2% pacientes en diálisis peritoneal) respecto al calificado por enfermería (83,4%). En cuanto a la percepción de cuidado, el orden de importancia por dimensiones fue dados en forma similar por los tres grupos de estudio así: cortesía, interacción familia ­paciente, relación y compromiso. Conclusiones: El cuidado de enfermería implica acciones que involucra la relación entre el paciente y la enfermera(o) con una visión integral por parte de enfermería. Este cuidado trasciende lo técnico y el conocimiento teórico, incluye relaciones de confianza, respeto y empatía que la enfermera(o) podrá realizar de acuerdo a sus condiciones y las ofrecidas por la institución.

Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are one of the chronic therapies that impact on the quality of life of people suffering from kidney disease. The continuous and constant deterioration that this pathology implies, constitutes several challenges for nursing, one of them is the care of the sick person and his family caregiver, given the conditions that must be permanently adjusted according to your needs; thus, for Dialy-Ser, be able to guide nursing care taking into account the perception of patients favors the fulfillment of the mission that seeks to improve the quality of life of them and their family group from the role of each member of the team, for the case, from nursing, moreover, will allow the future to model how to reorient this type of care in other institutions of similar nature. Objective: Describe and compare the perception of nursing care that the adult with chronic kidney disease and nursing they have in a renal unit in the first semester 2018. Methodology: descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study. The research used the primary source as a means of obtaining information on the perception of nursing care. Descriptive statistics used, with measures of central tendency and dispersion will be used. The statistical package SPSS version 22.0 license Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Results: The patients granted higher score to behavior of nursing care (88,3% hemodialysis patients and 90,2% peritoneal dialysis patients) with respect to those qualified by nursing (83.4%).In terms of the perception of care, the order of importance by dimensions was given in a similar way by the three study groups as follows: courtesy, family-patient interaction, relationship and commitment. Conclusion: Nursing care involves actions that involve the relationship between patient and nurse between patient and nurse with integral vision by nursing. This care transcending the technique knowledge and theoretical knowledge, It includes relationships of trust, respect and empathy that the nurse can perform according to their conditions and the functions of the institution.

Exit site care in the Netherlands: the use of guidelines in practice.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper is to describe the quality of exit site care by evaluating the use of the Dutch exit site guideline over a period of 15 years. METHOD: The special interest group (SIG) for peritoneal dialysis (PD) analysed results of three surveys concerning general exit site care among members of the Dutch Association for nurses and carers (V&VN), the dialysis and nephrology section. RESULTS: In 2002 (when no guidelines were available) the survey showed huge diversity in practice, with no definition of the post-operative period after catheter placement and no uniform monitoring of the exit site. There was a difference in use of dressings and exit site care. In 2009, the survey showed that most dialysis centres worked with the first guideline of the V&VN (2006) and exit site classification (2006). However, at this time, there was still diversity in the way exit site care was undertaken. In 2016, there was widespread use of guidelines and classification alongside a more individual approach to practice. Differences occured in use of disinfectant, antimicrobial ointment, swimming and going to the sauna. CONCLUSION: The exit site guideline has been widely used in the Netherlands, improving quality in care and utilising a more individual patient approach in care. However, there are still differences identified in practice for which the evidence-base and evaluation will be undertaken to supplement the guideline and attribute to exit site care practice.

Burnout Syndrome Among Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Nurses.

INTRODUCTION: Burnout, a syndrome with 3 dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduction of personal accomplishment, is very common among hemodialysis nurses, while data are scarce regarding the prevalence of burnout syndrome (BS) among peritoneal dialysis (PD) nurses. This study aimed to assess and compare demographic and professional characteristics and burnout levels in hemodialysis and PD nurses, and to investigate factors that increase the level of burnout in dialysis nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 171 nurses from 44 dialysis centers in Turkey were included in a cross-sectional survey study. Data were collected using a questionnaire defining the social and demographic characteristics and working conditions of the nurses as well as the Maslach Burnout Inventory for assessment of burnout level. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the level of burnout between the hemodialysis and PD nurses groups. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores were higher among the shift workers, nurses who had problems in interactions with the other team members, and those who wanted to leave the unit, as well as the nurses who would not attend training programs. In addition, male sex, younger age, limited working experience, more than 50 hours of working per week, and working in dialysis not by choice were associated with higher depersonalization scores. Personal accomplishment score was lower among the younger nurses who had problems in their interactions with the doctors, who would not regularly attend training programs, and who felt being medically inadequate. CONCLUSIONS: Improving working conditions and relations among colleagues, and also providing further dialysis education are necessary for minimizing burnout syndrome. Burnout reduction programs should mainly focus on younger professionals.

The Sustainable Kidney Care Foundation's contribution to the improvement of AKI management in developing countries using peritoneal dialysis.

Professional organizations, such as kidney foundations, have been active for over half a century in the field of nephrology, serving as the basic institutions for advocacy, disease education, prevention, and treatment. These organizations have focused efforts in four areas: supporting the training of clinical specialists, raising awareness about kidney disease, improving patient outcomes, and organizing continuing medical education. These activities, while essential for the success of nephrology organizations, do not usually initiate renal service programs in the neediest of places. To remedy the lack of renal programs in many developing countries, the Sustainable Kidney Care Foundation (SKCF) was founded with the objective of establishing treatment programs for acute kidney injury (AKI) in areas of the world where none exist. Today SKCF is active in 5 sub-Saharan African countries and is growing.