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1.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39147447

RESUMEN

Obesity is a well-known risk factor for testicular function; however, dulaglutide's effect on the testis in obesity has received little attention. Currently, clinicians prescribe the antidiabetic drug dulaglutide only off-label for weight management in non-diabetics. Investigating the impact of this novel compound on obesity is critical for determining whether it has any disruptive effects on testicular cells. We used a well-known animal model of high-fat diet-induced obesity in this investigation, and testicular dysfunction was determined by sperm DNA damage, spermatocyte chromosomal abnormalities, and spermiogram analysis. Following a 12-week high-fat diet challenge, mice were randomly assigned to dulaglutide (0.6 mg/kg/day) or saline treatments for five weeks. Testes and sperm cells were collected 24 h after the last dulaglutide injection. Untreated obese mice had a lower testes/body weight ratio, more sperm DNA damage, diakinesis-metaphase I chromosomal abnormalities, a lower sperm count/motility, more cell morphological defects, and an altered testicular redox balance. In obese mice, dulaglutide injection efficiently restored all disturbed parameters to their control levels. Dulaglutide injection into healthy mice exhibited no significant harmful effects at the applied regimen. As a result, we infer that dulaglutide therapy might bring obese men additional benefits by recovering testicular dysfunction induced by obesity.


Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Péptidos Similares al Glucagón , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas , Obesidad , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión , Testículo , Animales , Masculino , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/farmacología , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Péptidos Similares al Glucagón/análogos & derivados , Péptidos Similares al Glucagón/farmacología , Péptidos Similares al Glucagón/uso terapéutico , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ratones , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/farmacología , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/patología , Testículo/metabolismo , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico
2.
Eur J Pharmacol ; 977: 176744, 2024 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38897438

RESUMEN

Approximately 90% of diabetic males have varying degrees of testicular dysfunction. The current study investigates the possible beneficial consequences of ranolazine against T1DM-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were assorted into 4 groups; normal, diabetic (single 50 mg/kg STZ, I.P.) and ranolazine (40 and 80 mg/kg, orally). The present investigation revealed that the hypoglycemic impact of ranolazine significantly improved the testicular weight and body weight of the final rats, as well as the concentration of blood testosterone, sperm count, and viability, all of which were associated with STZ-induced testicular dysfunction. Furthermore, as demonstrated by elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) activity and lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, diabetic rats administered ranolazine showed a noteworthy improvement in the oxidant/antioxidant ratio. Furthermore, a substantial rise in beclin-1 concentration was seen in conjunction with a significant decrease in thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) concentrations when ranolazine was administered. Although ranolazine exhibited a reduction in inflammation as seen by lower expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and cluster of differentiation (CD68) in the testicles, these biochemical findings were validated by improvements in the morphological and histopathological outcomes of both the pancreatic and testicular tissues. In conclusion, daily oral administration of ranolazine (40 and 80 mg/kg) for 8 weeks could be a promising therapy for T1DM-induced testicular dysfunction through its dose-dependent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.


Asunto(s)
Beclina-1 , Interleucina-18 , FN-kappa B , Ranolazina , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de Señal , Testículo , Animales , Masculino , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Ranolazina/farmacología , Ranolazina/uso terapéutico , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Interleucina-18/metabolismo , Interleucina-18/sangre , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología , Ratas , Beclina-1/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Testiculares/prevención & control , Enfermedades Testiculares/etiología , Enfermedades Testiculares/patología , Testosterona/sangre , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular
3.
PLoS One ; 19(4): e0301454, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38603728

RESUMEN

Testicular dysfunction is a prevalent health problem frequently reported in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Oxidative-inflammatory reactions, hormonal and spermatic abnormalities often accompany this illness. Herbal remedies "particularly wild plants" including chicory (Chicorium Intybus) and purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) are emerging as popular agents for people dealing with these issues due to their ability to act as antioxidants, reduce inflammation, and exhibit antidiabetic effects. According to the collected data, the daily administration of chicory (Ch) seed-extract (250 mg/kg) or purslane (Pu) seed-extract (200 mg/kg) to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (50 mg/kg) for 30 days resulted in the normalization of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum fructosamine, insulin levels, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), as well as reducing lipid peroxidation end-product malondialdehyde (MDA) level, aldehyde oxidase (AO) and xanthene oxidase (XO) activities. While caused a considerable improvement in glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) when compared to diabetic rats. Ch and Pu extracts had a substantial impact on testicular parameters including sperm characterization, testosterone level, vimentin expression along with improvements in body and testis weight. They also mitigated hyperlipidemia by reducing total lipids (TL), total cholesterol (TC) levels, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Furthermore, oral administration of either Ch or Pu notably attuned the elevated proinflammatory cytokines as tumor necrotic factor (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) together with reducing apoptosis and DNA damage. This was achieved through the suppression of DNA-fragmentation marker 8OHdG, triggering of caspase-3 immuno-expression, and elevation of Bcl-2 protein. The histological studies provided evidence supporting the preventive effects of Ch and Pu against DM-induced testicular dysfunction. In conclusion, Ch and Pu seed-extracts mitigate testicular impairment during DM due to their antihyperglycemic, antilipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.


Asunto(s)
Cichorium intybus , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Resistencia a la Insulina , Portulaca , Enfermedades Testiculares , Humanos , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Portulaca/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Plantas Comestibles/metabolismo , Glucemia/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Estrés Oxidativo , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Inflamación , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Glutatión/metabolismo , Colesterol/farmacología
4.
Reprod Sci ; 31(8): 2433-2446, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38658488

RESUMEN

One of the adverse effects of the antineoplastic drug cisplatin (CS) is damage to testicular tissue. This study aimed to examine the potential therapeutic effect of thymoquinone (TQ), a strong antioxidant, against testicular damage caused by CS. In the experiment, 28 rats were used, and the rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (n = 7), CS (n = 7), CS + TQ (n = 7), and TQ (n = 7). The experiment was called off after all treatments were finished on day 15. Blood serum and testicular tissues were utilized for biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, mRNA expression, and gene protein investigations. The testosterone level decreased and oxidative stress, histopathological damage, dysregulation in mitochondrial dynamics, inflammation and apoptotic cells increased in testicular tissue due to CS administration. TQ supplementation showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects in response to CS-induced testicular damage. In addition, TQ contributed to the reduction of CS-induced toxic effects by regulating the TNF-α/OTULIN/NF-κB pathway. TQ supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy against CS-induced testicular damage by regulating the TNF-α/OTULIN/NF-κB axis, inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Benzoquinonas , Cisplatino , FN-kappa B , Estrés Oxidativo , Testículo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Masculino , Animales , Benzoquinonas/farmacología , Cisplatino/toxicidad , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Ratas , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Testosterona/sangre , Enfermedades Testiculares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Testiculares/patología , Enfermedades Testiculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico
5.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 129: 111566, 2024 Mar 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38364740

RESUMEN

Studies have identified Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) as a promising agent in improving idiopathic male infertility; however, its role in chemically or environmentally induced testicular dysfunction is not well-established. We investigated the potential of CoQ10 to attenuate methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular damage and to identify molecular targets of CoQ10 effects. Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal dose of 20 mg/kg MTX on the fifth day of the 10-day experimental protocol. 100 mg/kg CoQ10 was given orally daily for ten days, alone or combined with MTX. The testes of MTX-treated animals showed thickened tunica albuginea, distortion of seminiferous tubules with a marked reduction of germinal lining, a few primary spermatocytes with no spermatozoa, apoptotic cells, congested sub-capsular and interstitial blood vessels, and interstitial edema. Reduction of reproductive hormones and increased oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic biomarkers levels were also seen in the MTX-treated rats. CoQ10 + MTX-treated rats were protected against MTX-induced testicular histological changes and showed improvement in testosterone, luteinizing-, and follicle-stimulating hormone serum levels compared to the MTX group. The testes of the CoQ10 + MTX-treated rats showed reduced malondialdehyde, myloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor -α, interleukin-6 and -1ß and Bax: Bcl2 ratio and enhanced glutathione, and catalase compared to MTX alone. CoQ10 enhanced MTX-induced downregulation of Nrf2 and PPAR-γ signaling and modulated its downstream targets, the inducible nitric oxide synthase, NF-κB, Bax, and Bcl2. In conclusion, CoQ10 targeted the Nrf2-PPAR-γ signaling loop and its downstream pathways, mitigating MTX-induced oxidative stress-related damages and alleviating the testicular dysfunction MTX caused. Our data suggest Nrf2-PPAR-γ signaling as a potential therapeutic target in testicular toxicity, where oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis trigger damage.


Asunto(s)
Metotrexato , Enfermedades Testiculares , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Metotrexato/toxicidad , Ratas Wistar , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Receptores Activados del Proliferador del Peroxisoma/metabolismo , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Enfermedades Testiculares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Testiculares/prevención & control , Antioxidantes/farmacología
6.
Biofactors ; 50(4): 845-862, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38344831

RESUMEN

The prevalence of testicular dysfunction is increasing as it is a common diabetes mellites (DM) complication. The objective of this study is to explore the potential protective effect of sulbutiamine against testicular hypofunction associated with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM in rats. Sulbutiamine was administered orally (60 mg/kg) to male Wistar rats for 8 weeks starting 72 h after a single injection of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.p.). Blood glucose level (BGL), serum testosterone level, sperm number, and motility were determined. Testicular tissue was examined histopathologically, and the Johnson score was evaluated. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein kinase C (PKC), nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were measured. Apoptosis was evaluated by immunohistochemical determination of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax), and caspase-3. Sulbutiamine administration managed to reduce BGL and boost testicular function as manifested by increased testicular weight, testosterone level, sperm number, and motility compared to the STZ group. Additionally, histopathological examination revealed an improved histological picture and Johnson score of testicular tissue after sulbutiamine treatment. Sulbutiamine administration reduced testicular PKC, MDA, and PCNA levels and increased Nrf2 compared to the untreated group. Moreover, sulbutiamine treatment suppressed apoptosis triggered by STZ as evidenced by elevated Bcl-2, decreased Bax and reduced caspase-3. The present work revealed for the first time a promising protective role of sulbutiamine against STZ-induced testicular dysfunction which may add to the clinical utility of sulbutiamine. The underlying mechanisms involve reducing BGL and PKC, activating Nrf2 and inhibiting apoptosis.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , Proteína Quinasa C , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2 , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal , Testículo , Masculino , Animales , Ratas , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteína Quinasa C/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Testosterona/sangre , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Estreptozocina , Enfermedades Testiculares/prevención & control , Enfermedades Testiculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Testiculares/etiología , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Testiculares/patología , Enfermedades Testiculares/inducido químicamente
7.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 9794, 2023 06 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37328499

RESUMEN

Busulfan (BUS) is an anticancer agent with serious adverse effects on various body organs, including the lung and testis. Sitagliptin was proven to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic effects. This study aims to evaluate whether sitagliptin, a DPP4I, ameliorates BUS-induced pulmonary and testicular injury in rats. Male Wistar rats were split into control, sitagliptin (10 mg/kg), BUS (30 mg/kg), and sitagliptin + BUS groups. Weight change, lung and testis indices, serum testosterone, sperm parameters, markers of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH)], inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)], and relative expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and forkhead box protein type O1 (FOXO1) genes were estimated. Histopathological examination of lung and testicular tissues was done to detect architectural changes [Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E)], fibrosis (Masson's trichrome), and apoptosis (caspase-3). Sitagliptin treatment reduced body weight loss, lung index, lung and testis MDA, serum TNF-α and sperm abnormal morphology, and increased testis index, lung and testis GSH, serum testosterone, sperm count, viability and motility. SIRT1/FOXO1 balance was restored. Also, sitagliptin attenuated fibrosis and apoptosis in lung and testicular tissues via reducing collagen deposition and caspase-3 expression. Accordingly, sitagliptin ameliorated BUS-induced pulmonary and testicular damage in rats via attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Enfermedades Testiculares , Humanos , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Busulfano/farmacología , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Sirtuina 1/metabolismo , Semen/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Enfermedades Testiculares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Oxidativo , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/patología , Testosterona , Pulmón/patología , Apoptosis
8.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2022: 9137812, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35770047

RESUMEN

The testis is susceptible to ionizing radiation, and male infertility and sexual dysfunction are prevalent problems after whole-body or local radiation exposure. Currently, there is no approved agent for the prevention or treatment of radiation-induced testicular injury. Herein, we investigated the radioprotective effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an organosulfur compound that acts as a free radical scavenger, on testicular injury. Treatment of mice with a single dose of DMSO prior to 5 Gy irradiation restored sex hormones and attenuated the reduction in testis weight. Histological analyses revealed that DMSO alleviated the distorted architecture of seminiferous tubules and promoted seminiferous epithelium regeneration following irradiation. Moreover, DMSO provided quantitative and qualitative protection for sperm and preserved spermatogenesis and fertility in male mice. Mechanistically, DMSO treatment enhanced GFRα-1+ spermatogonial stem cell and c-Kit+ spermatogonial survival and regeneration after radiation. DMSO also alleviated radiation-induced oxidative stress and suppressed radiation-induced germ cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, DMSO efficiently reduced DNA damage accumulation and induced the expression of phosph-BRCA1, BRCA1, and RAD51 proteins, indicating that DMSO facilitates DNA damage repair with a bias toward homologous recombination. In summary, our findings demonstrate the radioprotective efficacy of DMSO on the male reproductive system, which warrants further studies for future application in the preservation of male fertility during conventional radiotherapy and nuclear accidents.


Asunto(s)
Traumatismos por Radiación , Protectores contra Radiación , Enfermedades Testiculares , Animales , ADN , Dimetilsulfóxido/farmacología , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Traumatismos por Radiación/tratamiento farmacológico , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Semen , Espermatogénesis , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Testículo
9.
Comput Math Methods Med ; 2022: 7174399, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35242210

RESUMEN

The testicles and sperm are extremely susceptible to inflammation and oxidative stress. Although Zhibai Dihuang Pill (ZDP) has been reported to treat various infertilities including male infertility induced by Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection, its mechanism is still poorly understood. This study is aimed at clarifying the underlying mechanism of ZDP to protect against UU-infected male infertility. We found that UU-infected infertile rats exhibited weight loss, reduced food intake, and decreased sperm count and vitality. The administration of ZDP improved the general state and sperm motility of rats. In addition, UU infection led to spermatogenesis disorders, impaired secretory function and blood-testis barrier (BTB) of Sertoli cells, and elevated inflammation and oxidative stress. As expected, ZDP suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress to alleviate spermatogenesis disorders. Our research showed that ZDP could improve spermatogenesis disorders and testicular function primarily through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. ZDP exerts its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects via the MAPK signaling pathway, thus playing an important role in ameliorating spermatogenesis failure and testicular dysfunction.


Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Infertilidad Masculina/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Ureaplasma/tratamiento farmacológico , Ureaplasma urealyticum , Animales , Biología Computacional , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Infertilidad Masculina/etiología , Infertilidad Masculina/metabolismo , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Testiculares/etiología , Enfermedades Testiculares/metabolismo , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología , Infecciones por Ureaplasma/complicaciones , Infecciones por Ureaplasma/metabolismo
10.
J Pediatr Urol ; 18(2): 115.e1-115.e8, 2022 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35144886

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Testicular torsion is still an urgent surgical condition and without any treatment it can cause infertility. The main pathophysiology of testicular torsion ischaemic injury however; the main sequalae of detorsion is reperfusion injury. Furthermore; treatments to prevent ischemic reperfusion injury due to decreased blood flow are important to preserve testicular function. AIMS: Human chorionic gonadotropin ß (ß-hCG) is an anabolic hormone that supports steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Vitamin C (Vit-C) is one of the water-soluble vitamins and is also a potent antioxidant in ischemic damage. Moreover, it has protective effects by increasing blood and lymph flow in the testicles. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ß-hCG, Vit-C and their combination on ischemic reperfusion injury occurring after surgical treatment of testicular torsion. STUDY DESIGN: Animal research studies. METHODS: The study was performed on 25 male Wistar albino rats. The animals were divided equally into 5 groups. In the first group "Control Group," left orchiectomy was performed. In the second group "Sham Group," a 720° clockwise torsion was created and after 4 h of left testicular torsion it was detorsioned for 4 h and then left orchiectomy was performed. In the third group same procedure was applied with 30 mg vitamin C was administered via intraperitoneal route once a week for 3 weeks. In the fourth group after same surgical procedures 75 IU ß-hCG was administered via intraperitoneal route once a week for 3 weeks. In the fifth group after 4 h left testicle torsion it was detorsioned for 4 h then, 75 IU ß-hCG and vitamin C together were administered via intraperitoneal route once a week for 3 weeks. Left orchiectomy was performed after 3 weeks in the third, fourth and fifth groups. Specimens were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: Testicular tissue histopathological evaluations were performed. A high histopathological stage indicates more testicular damage, and a low one was indicated less testicular damage. The average histopathological grade of vitamin C + ß-hCG group was significantly higher than the average histopathological grade of the control, the sham group and vitamin C group. The average histopathological grade of the vitamin C group was significantly lower than the average histopathological grade of sham and ß-hCG groups. The ratio of the testicular atrophy of the Vitamin C + ß-hCG group (100%) was higher than sham (40%) and ß-hCG (40%) groups with a significant difference. A significant statistical difference was found among all groups histopathological grades of testicular tissue. CONCLUSION: In animals taking vitamin C, an improvement of histopathological findings and a significant decrease in histological stages has been provided. However, it was observed that the histological findings of ß-hCG and ß-hCG + vitamin C groups worsened. It was found that ß-hCG increased oxidative damage in the testicles and this damage can be so severe that exceeding the capacity of potent antioxidants such as Vitamin C. We believe that ß-hCG can be harmful to testicles exposed to oxidative damage.


Asunto(s)
Daño por Reperfusión , Torsión del Cordón Espermático , Enfermedades Testiculares , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Isquemia/complicaciones , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Daño por Reperfusión/etiología , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/complicaciones , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/tratamiento farmacológico , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/patología , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Testiculares/etiología , Testículo/patología , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico
11.
Hum Exp Toxicol ; 41: 9603271221078867, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35196152

RESUMEN

Background: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting compound inducing degeneration of testes. Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenol with various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Purpose: This research evaluated effects of different doses of GA on DEHP-induced testicular injury in adult mice.Research Design: Male mice were randomly divided into five groups and treated with agents for two weeks; group (I) received normal saline and corn oil (5 mL/kg/day, p. o.), group (II) received DEHP (2 g/kg/day, dissolved in corn oil, p. o.), groups (III, IV, and V) received DEHP + GA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, p. o.). Body and testes weights, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were evaluated. The number of sperms and sperm motility and viability were analyzed in the cauda epididymis. Histological changes, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines levels were examined in testes.Results: Body and testes weights, the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte and early spermatid, and late spermatid and sperm vitality, and progressive motility were significantly reduced in mice exposed to DEHP. Serum testosterone level decreased and serum LH and FSH levels increased in DEHP-exposed mice. These alterations were associated with the increased oxidative stress level and inflammatory responses in testicular tissue. Treatment with GA (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) attenuated DEHP-induced alterations in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines and reversed abnormality in sperm characteristic and number, tissue structure, and serum hormones levels.Conclusions: Results indicated that GA might be a promising agent against male gonadal toxicity induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals including DEHP.


Asunto(s)
Disruptores Endocrinos/toxicidad , Ácido Gálico/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Ftálicos/toxicidad , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Testiculares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones
12.
Life Sci ; 289: 120218, 2022 Jan 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34890588

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cancer and its therapies can impact fertility in various ways, and therefore a growing number of cancer survivors face fertility as a significant concern. The cytotoxic alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CP) is commonly used as an antineoplastic agent; unfortunately, its use is significantly associated with male infertility and damage to the reproductive system. AIM: The present study aimed to assess the possible beneficial effects of Irbesartan (IRB) in a rat model of CP-induced testicular toxicity. MAIN METHODS: The effects of treatment were assessed by measuring peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression via qRT-PCR, the immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of apoptotic markers, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), determination of the count and viability of epididymal sperm, oxidative stress markers via biochemical analysis, serum testosterone, caspase-1, and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels via ELISA, histopathological assessment, and fibrosis by Masson's trichrome (MT) stain. KEY FINDINGS: There was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), caspase-1, and IL-18 contents, NF-κB, NLRP3, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, and MT staining in testicular tissue after CP administration compared to the normal control group. Whereas reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), PPAR-γ expression, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) staining, serum testosterone, and the count and viability of epididymal sperm were decreased compared to the normal control group. The IRB treatment has reversed CP-induced testicular toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE: It is possible to conclude that IRB revealed a significant testicular protective effect against CP via antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects.


Asunto(s)
Ciclofosfamida/efectos adversos , Interleucina-18/biosíntesis , Irbesartán/farmacología , FN-kappa B/biosíntesis , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/biosíntesis , PPAR gamma/biosíntesis , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Testiculares , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ciclofosfamida/farmacología , Infertilidad Masculina/inducido químicamente , Infertilidad Masculina/tratamiento farmacológico , Infertilidad Masculina/metabolismo , Infertilidad Masculina/patología , Masculino , Ratas , Enfermedades Testiculares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Testiculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Testiculares/patología
13.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol ; 435: 115833, 2022 01 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34933056

RESUMEN

Clinical utilization of doxorubicin (DOX), which is a commonly used chemotherapeutic, is restricted due to toxic effects on various tissues. Using hesperetin (HST), an antioxidant used in Chinese traditional medicine protects testis against DOX-induced toxicity although the molecular mechanisms are not well-known. The study was aimed to examine the possible role of the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) and dynamin 1-like dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in the therapeutic effects of HST on the DOX-induced testicular toxicity. Rats were divided into Control, DOX, DOX + HST, and HST groups (n = 7). Single-dose DOX (15 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally and HST (50 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage every other day for 28 days. Total antioxidant status (TAS), histopathological evaluations, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression level detection analyses were performed. Histopathologically, DOX-induced testicular damage was ameliorated by HST treatment. DOX reduced testicular TAS levels and increased oxidative stress markers, 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Also, upregulated mTOR and DRP1 expressions with DOX exposure were decreased after HST treatment in the testis (p < 0.05). On the other hand, DOX-administration downregulated miR-150-5p and miR-181b-2-3p miRNAs, targeting mTOR and mRNA levels of beclin 1 (BECN1) and autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), autophagic markers. Furthermore, these levels were nearly similar to control testis samples in the DOX + HST group (p < 0.05). The study demonstrated that HST may have a therapeutic effect on DOX-induced testicular toxicity by removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by modulating the mTOR and DRP1 expressions, which have a critical role in regulating the balance of generation/elimination of ROS.


Asunto(s)
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos , Doxorrubicina , Dinaminas/biosíntesis , Hesperidina/uso terapéutico , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/biosíntesis , Enfermedades Testiculares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Proteína 5 Relacionada con la Autofagia/biosíntesis , Proteína 5 Relacionada con la Autofagia/genética , Beclina-1/biosíntesis , Beclina-1/genética , Dinaminas/genética , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , MicroARNs/biosíntesis , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/genética , Enfermedades Testiculares/patología , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología
14.
Rev Int Androl ; 20(1): 17-23, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33531214

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to investigate the protective effect of taxifolin (3,5,7,3,4-pentahydroxy flavanone), a strong antioxidant, against testicular I/R injury in rats biochemically and histopathologically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 50mg/kg taxifolin was administered to taxifolin+testicular torsion-detorsion (TTTD, n-10) group of Albino Wistar male rats by oral gavage. Distilled water .5ml as a solvent was administered to testicular torsion-detorsion (TTD, n-10) and Healthy Control (SG, n-10) groups using the same method. An hour after the administration of taxifolin and distilled water, anaesthesia (ketamine 60mg/kg) was administered to all animal groups. TTD and TTTD group animals were subjected to testicular torsion at 720 degrees for four hours during anaesthesia. At the end of this period, testicular detorsion was applied and perfusion was allowed for four hours. Sham operation was applied to SG group. RESULTS: Our biochemical experiment results showed that the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in testicular tissue of TTD group presented a significant increase compared to SG and TTTD groups whereas total glutathione (tGSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels decreased. In addition, while TTD group presented severe histopathological damage in germinal epithelium cell and seminiferous tubule, mild damage was observed in TTTD group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our experiment indicate that taxifolin could be useful in the treatment of testicular I/R damage.


Asunto(s)
Daño por Reperfusión , Torsión del Cordón Espermático , Enfermedades Testiculares , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Testiculares/etiología , Agua
15.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 101(Pt A): 108197, 2021 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34626874

RESUMEN

Twisting of the spermatic cord is a common dangerous health problem that may be accompanied with testicular necrosis and infertility. Cilostazol (CLZ) is a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A inhibitor used for treatment of intermittent claudication. It has a great role in myocardial, spinal cord and hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion. However, till now, there are no researches evaluating its role in testicular ischaemia/reperfusion (TIR). The current work studies its capability to improve TIR induced injury with more concentration on the mechanisms involved in such effect. Four groups of animals were included: sham, TIR induced group, TIR plus CLZ low dose (10 mg/kg), TIR plus CLZ high dose (30 mg/kg). Our results proved that TIR had significant decrease of the serum ELISA of testosterone, marked disturbances in oxidative stress evaluated parameters as malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ELISA measurement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1ß) inflammatory mediators, apoptotic marker (caspase3) using western blotting, immunohistochemistry of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). TIR reduced the protective agents as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) by ELISA method with marked germinal cell apoptosis. The biochemical results were confirmed by the histopathological findings that showed marked decrease in both Johnsen's score and Cosentino's score. However, treatment with CLZ significantly reversed the profound TIR damaging effects, on the basis of its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities with recuperation of the testicular vascularity. Modulation of HIF/VEGF and cAMP/SIRT1 pathways showed a great role in mediating such effect.


Asunto(s)
Cilostazol/uso terapéutico , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Western Blotting , Cilostazol/administración & dosificación , AMP Cíclico/análisis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Interleucina-1beta/análisis , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sirtuina 1/análisis , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/complicaciones , Enfermedades Testiculares/etiología , Testículo/química , Testículo/patología , Testosterona/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis
16.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(4): 1123-1131, ago. 2021. ilus, tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385439

RESUMEN

SUMMARY: Adriamycin (ADR) is an anthracycline antibiotic used for treatment of many types of cancer. However, its applications may damage to healthy tissues. Chloroquine (CLQ) is an anti-inflammatory agent used in treatment of many inflammation associated diseases such as malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, it is used in the treatment of pneumonia caused by COVID-19. The aim of this study is to determine possible therapeutic effects of Chloroquine on Adriamycin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. We investigated the effect of CLQ on testicular injury caused by ADR. Rats were divided into four groups: Control, ADR, CLQ, ADR+CLQ. After administrations, animals were sacrificed, and testis tissues were extracted from the animals for the further examinations. Histopathological changes in testis tissues were evaluated and TNF-α and IL-6 immunostaining were performed to determine the expression levels of these cytokines. TUNEL method were used for evaluation of apoptotic index. Moreover, serum testosterone levels were measured by ELISA assay. We observed that ADR group showed histopathological deterioration when compared to the Control group and CLQ treatment ameliorated this damage induced by Adriamycin.An increase in TNF-α and IL-6 immunoreactivities and in the number of apoptotic cells and a decrease in serum testosterone levels were determined in the ADR group compared to the Control and CLQ group. Furthermore, our examinations showed an improvement in testicular tissue in ADR+CLQ group in terms of these parameters when compared to the ADR group. We suggest that CLQ can be used as a protective agent to reduce the toxic effects of Adriamycin as a result of its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.


RESUMEN: La adriamicina (ADR) es un antibiótico de antraciclina que se usa para el tratamiento de muchos tipos de cáncer. Sin embargo, sus aplicaciones pueden dañar los tejidos sanos. La cloroquina (CLQ) es un agente antiinflamatorio que se utiliza en el tratamiento de enfermedades asociadas a la inflamación, tal como la malaria y la artritis reumatoide. También se utiliza en el tratamiento de la neumonía causada por COVID-19. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los posibles efectos terapéuticos de la cloroquina sobre la toxicidad testicular inducida por adriamicina en ratas. Investigamos el efecto de CLQ sobre la lesión testicular causada por ADR. Las ratas se dividieron en cuatro grupos: Control, ADR, CLQ, ADR + CLQ. Después de las administraciones, se sacrificaron los animales y se extrajeron los testículos de los animales para los exámenes adicionales. Se evaluaron los cambios histopatológicos en los tejidos testiculares y se realizó la inmunotinción de TNF-α e IL-6 para determinar los niveles de expresión de estas citocinas. Se utilizó el método TUNEL para la evaluación del índice apoptótico. Además, los niveles de testosterona en suero se midieron mediante un ensayo ELISA. El grupo ADR mostró un deterioro histopatológico en comparación con el grupo Control y observamos que el tratamiento con CLQ mejoró el daño inducido por Adriamicina. Un aumento en las inmunorreactividades de TNF-α e IL-6 y en el número de células apoptóticas además de una disminución en los niveles séricos de testosterona se determinaron en el grupo de ADR en comparación con el grupo de control y CLQ. Además, nuestros exámenes mostraron una mejora en el tejido testicular en el grupo ADR + CLQ en términos de estos parámetros en comparación con el grupo ADR. Sugerimos que CLQ se puede utilizar como agente protector para reducir los efectos tóxicos de la Adriamicina, gracias a sus propiedades antiinflamatorias y antiapoptóticas.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Enfermedades Testiculares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Doxorrubicina/efectos adversos , Cloroquina/administración & dosificación , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Inmunohistoquímica , Interleucina-6 , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Ratas Wistar , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Inflamación , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos
17.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 279: 114390, 2021 Oct 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34224812

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Raffia palm (Raphia hookeri G. Mann & H. Wendl) wine (RPW) is a natural beverage obtained from the R. hookeri consumed for refreshment and medicinal purposes. For medicinal purposes, it is used singly or as macerating agent for other medicinal plants for the treatment of several diseases. AIM: This study investigates the effect of Raffia palm wine on dysregulated lipid metabolic pathways in testicular tissues of type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. METHODS: Raffia palm wine (150 and 300 mg/kg bodyweight) was administered to two T2D groups respectively, another T2D group was not administered treatment and served as negative control, while metformin served as the standard drug. After 6 weeks of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and the testes collected. After weighing, the organs were homogenized in 20% methanol/ethanol and centrifuged at 20,000 g to extract the lipid metabolites. RESULTS: GC-MS analysis of the supernatants revealed an alteration of the metabolites on induction of T2D, with concomitant generation of 10 metabolites. Raffia palm wine inhibited the T2D-generated metabolites while replenishing cholesterol and squalene levels, with concomitant generation of 7 and 8 metabolites for low and high dose treatment respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis of the metabolites revealed a decreased level of steroid biosynthesis and increased level of fatty acid biosynthesis. Raffia palm wine inactivated glycerolipid, fatty acid, and arachidonic acid metabolisms, fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid elongation in mitochondria pathways, and activated pathways for plasmalogen synthesis, mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain saturated fatty acids. CONCLUSION: The replenishment and generation of these metabolites and additional ones as well as activation of pathways involved in energy generation, phospholipids, antioxidant activity, steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis suggest a therapeutic effect of Raffia palm wine against hyperglycemic-induced testicular dysfunction.


Asunto(s)
Bebidas Alcohólicas , Columbiformes , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Testiculares/etiología , Testículo/metabolismo
18.
Turk J Med Sci ; 51(3): 1531-1543, 2021 06 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33550762

RESUMEN

Backround/aim: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a drug used for treatment of many malignant diseases. However, it can cause serious side effects such as hemorrhagic cystitis and male infertility. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous mediator and is suggested to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. In this study, dose-dependent effects of H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis and testicular dysfunction were investigated in rats. Material and methods: Rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8): control, CP, NaHS25 µmol/kg, NaHS50 µmol/kg, and NaHS100 µmol/ kg. After treatment for 7 days intraperitoneally (ip), a single ip dose of CP 200 mg/kg was given on the 8th day. Then, treatment was continued for 7 days. In bladder and testicular tissues, IL 6, IL 10, cGMP, NO, H2S, FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. Histopathological examination with H&E staining, as well as immunohistochemical staining for acrolein in bladder and caspase-3 and APAF-1 in testis were performed. Results: NaHS prevented the increased IL 6 and IL 10 values induced by CP as well as prevented the decrease in cGMP values associated with CP. There was no significant change in FSH values, but the LH value, which increased with CP, decreased with 25, 50, and 100 µmol/kg NaHS. In contrast, testosterone decreased in the CP group and increased in the treatment groups. NaHS was effective in many biochemical and histopathological parameters at 25 and 50 µmol/kg doses, and this effect decreased at 100 µmol/kg dose. Conclusion: H2S has a protective and therapeutic effect on hemorrhagic cystitis and testicular dysfunction induced by cyclophosphamide. It can be suggested that H2S is a promising molecule in facilitating cancer treatment.


Asunto(s)
Cistitis , Hemorragia , Enfermedades Testiculares , Animales , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidad , Cistitis/inducido químicamente , Cistitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Hormona Folículo Estimulante , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Hemorragia/tratamiento farmacológico , Sulfuro de Hidrógeno , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-6 , Masculino , Ratas , Enfermedades Testiculares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Testiculares/prevención & control , Testosterona
19.
J Inorg Biochem ; 216: 111312, 2021 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33388704

RESUMEN

The insulin enhancing activity, histological analysis and, testicular degeneration by a VIVO-complex containing the 2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))diethanolate ligand, VOIV(C6H14N2O2-κ2N,κ2O), abbreviated VIVO(BHED), were investigated in diabetic male Wistar rats. The complex was administered by oral gavage of freshly prepared solutions of vanadium complex. Biological studies demonstrated that the vanadium complex normalized the elevated glucose levels in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and these compounds also avoided common responses in diabetic animals such as weight loss and reduction in the size of the epididymis, prostate, testis and seminal gland. The 51V NMR and EPR studies showed the formation of VIVO(BHED) and the oxidation product [VVO2BHED]- with two possible decomposition pathways. In summary, these studies demonstrate that the VIVO(BHED) complex or its decomposition products show similar effects as insulin in decreasing elevated blood glucose levels.


Asunto(s)
Complejos de Coordinación , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diaminas , Hipoglucemiantes , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Testículo , Vanadio , Animales , Atrofia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Diaminas/química , Diaminas/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Enfermedades Testiculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Testiculares/patología , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología , Vanadio/química , Vanadio/farmacología
20.
Life Sci ; 269: 119031, 2021 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33453244

RESUMEN

AIMS: Cadmium (Cd) is a prevalent environmental contaminant that incurs deleterious health effects, including testicular impairment. Sitagliptin, a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has demonstrated marked cardio-, hepato-, and reno-protective actions, however, its impact on Cd-triggered testicular dysfunction has not been formerly investigated. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the probable beneficial impact of sitagliptin against Cd-evoked testicular impairment which may add to its potential clinical utility. The underlying mechanisms pertaining to the balance between testicular autophagy and apoptosis were explored, including the AMPK/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The testicular tissues were examined using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA. Sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/day, by gavage) was administered for 4 consecutive weeks. KEY FINDINGS: Sitagliptin attenuated the testicular impairment via improvement of the relative testicular weight, sperm count/motility, sperm abnormalities, and serum testosterone. Additionally, sitagliptin counteracted Cd-induced histologic aberrations/disrupted spermatogenesis. Interestingly, sitagliptin augmented the defective autophagy as demonstrated by upregulating Beclin 1 protein expression and lowering p62 SQSTM1 protein accumulation. These effects were mediated via the activation of testicular AMPK/mTOR pathway as proven by increasing p-AMPK (Ser485, Ser491)/total AMPK and diminishing p-mTOR (Ser2448)/total mTOR protein expression. Additionally, sitagliptin suppressed the testicular apoptotic events via downregulating Bax and upregulating Bcl-2 protein expression. In tandem, sitagliptin suppressed the oxidative stress through lowering lipid peroxides and activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway via upregulating the protein expression of Nrf2, and the downstream effectors HO-1 and GPx. SIGNIFICANCE: Sitagliptin attenuated Cd-induced testicular injury via boosting the autophagy/apoptosis ratio through activation of AMPK/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.


Asunto(s)
Autofagia , Cadmio/toxicidad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfato de Sitagliptina/farmacología , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Animales , Hemo Oxigenasa (Desciclizante)/genética , Hemo Oxigenasa (Desciclizante)/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Masculino , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Enfermedades Testiculares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Testiculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Testiculares/patología , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología
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