Perception and performance of the nursing team in caring for patients with suicide behavior

Objective: to understand the perception and performance of the Nursing team in a hospital emergency service in the care of patients after attempting suicide. Methods: exploratorystudy, with a qualitative approach, carried out through semi-structured interviews with Nursing professionals who work in an Emergency Service. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed as to their content following Bardin's thematic model. Results: seven nurses and four Nursing technicians participated in the study, with an average age of 36 years, most of them female. Suicide attempts are often associated with 'psychic pain' that is opposed to the principles of life preservation; such an attitude has caused suicidal behavior to be misinterpreted by health professionals. Conclusion: most professionals demonstrated a stereotyped 'pre-concept' and full of taboos about patients who attempted suicide, which triggered a service more directed to physical needs and protocol formalities. Few professionals reported carrying out holistic and empathic care, which is so necessary for these people. In this sense, the importance and urgency of training the team in the identification of suicide risks and in the continuity of treatment of surviving individuals is emphasized.

Ethical, legal and professional accountability in emergency nursing practice: An ethnographic observational study.

INTRODUCTION: Accountability in nursing practice is a concept that influences quality care, decision-making, safety standards and staff values. Therefore, understanding accountability and how it affects nursing practice could improve patient care and nurses' working conditions. AIM: The aim of this study was to find factors that influenced ethical, legal and professional accountability in emergency nursing practice. METHODS: A qualitative ethnographic approach using participant observation through convenience sampling was employed as the data collection method, while ethnographic content analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The factors linked to nursing accountability found were classified into four main themes: daily dynamics, work environment evolution, customs and routines and bioethics principles' application. DISCUSSION: The long-term effect of chronic high workload and crowding, which affects nursing accountability, could promote burnout in a junior ED workforce. Changes in the nurses' working conditions need to be implemented to limit the workload to which an ED nurse is subjected to. CONCLUSION: ED nurses have to manage their accountability in difficult situations regularly, which followed patterns of four main themes across the majority of situations. Nonetheless, all those factors were influenced by nursing workload, an ever-present factor that was always considered by ED nurses during decision-making.

Humanization in urgent and emergency services: contributions to nursing care. / Humanização nos serviços de urgência e emergência: contribuições para o cuidado de enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evidence of researches carried out on humanization in urgent and emergency care, considering their contributions to nursing care. METHODS: Integrative review of LILACS, CINAHL, SciELO, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and BDENF databases, using the keywords: humanization of care, urgencies, emergencies, emergency medical services, and nursing. RESULTS: The search resulted in a total of 133 publications, of which 17 were included in the scope of this review. The analysis enabled the elaboration of the evidence units: 'Reception with Risk Classification: a device with good results' and 'Barriers and difficulties to use the guidelines of the National Humanization Policy'. CONCLUSION: The Reception with Risk Classification was evidenced as the main device for the effective implementation of the National Humanization Policy and there are barriers to its effectiveness related to the organization of health care networks, structural problems, and multi-professional work.

Humanização nos serviços de urgência e emergência: contribuições para o cuidado de enfermagem / Humanización en los servicios de urgencia y emergencia: contribuciones para el cuidado en enfermería / Humanization in urgent and emergency services: contributions to nursing care

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar as evidências das pesquisas desenvolvidas sobre a humanização no atendimento de urgência e emergência, tendo em vista suas contribuições para o cuidado de enfermagem. MÉTODOS Revisão integrativa nas bases de dados LILACS, CINAHL, SciELO, Web os Science, SCOPUS e BDENF, utilizando os descritores: humanização da assistência, urgências, emergências, serviços médicos de emergências e enfermagem. RESULTADOS A busca resultou em um total de 133 publicações, sendo 17 incluídas no escopo desta revisão. A análise possibilitou a elaboração das unidades de evidência: Acolhimento com classificação de risco: dispositivo com bons resultados e Barreiras e dificuldades para a utilização das diretrizes da Política Nacional de Humanização. CONCLUSÃO O Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco foi evidenciado como principal dispositivo para a efetiva operacionalização da Política Nacional de Humanização e existem barreiras para sua efetivação relacionadas à organização das redes de atenção à saúde, problemas estruturais e ao trabalho multiprofissional.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar las evidencias de las investigaciones desarrolladas sobre la humanización en la atención de urgencia y emergencia, teniendo en cuenta sus contribuciones en el cuidado de enfermería. MÉTODOS Revisión integradora con búsqueda en bases de datos LILACS, CINAHL, SciELO, Web of Science, SCOPUS y BDENF, utilizando descriptores: humanización de la asistencia, urgencias, emergencias, servicios médicos de emergencias y enfermería. RESULTADOS La búsqueda resultó en un total de 133 publicaciones, siendo 17 incluidas en el alcance de esta revisión. El análisis posibilitó la elaboración de unidades de evidencia: 'Acogida con clasificación de riesgo: dispositivo con buenos resultados' y 'Barreras y dificultades para la utilización de las directrices de la Política Nacional de Humanización'. CONCLUSIÓN El Acogimiento con Clasificación de Riesgo fue evidenciado como principal dispositivo para una efectiva operacionalización de la Política Nacional de Humanización y existen barreras para su efectividad relacionadas con la organización de las redes de atención a la salud, con los problemas estructurales y el trabajo multiprofesional.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the evidence of researches carried out on humanization in urgent and emergency care, considering their contributions to nursing care. METHODS Integrative review of LILACS, CINAHL, SciELO, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and BDENF databases, using the keywords: humanization of care, urgencies, emergencies, emergency medical services, and nursing. RESULTS The search resulted in a total of 133 publications, of which 17 were included in the scope of this review. The analysis enabled the elaboration of the evidence units: 'Reception with Risk Classification: a device with good results' and 'Barriers and difficulties to use the guidelines of the National Humanization Policy'. CONCLUSION The Reception with Risk Classification was evidenced as the main device for the effective implementation of the National Humanization Policy and there are barriers to its effectiveness related to the organization of health care networks, structural problems, and multi-professional work.

Exploring the Sexual Assault Response Team Perception of Interprofessional Collaboration: Implications for Emergency Department Nurses.

There is little research on the dynamics of the sexual assault response team (SART) members' interprofessional collaboration (IPC) practice. The study purposes were to (1) explore the perceptions of IPC among SART members; (2) evaluate the use of Perception of Interprofessional Collaboration Model Questionnaire with the SART; and (3) discuss the implications of the Interprofessional Core Competencies for emergency department nurses and sexual assault nurse examiners. This cross-sectional mixed-methods study (n = 49) was implemented using 4 SART teams in a mid-Atlantic state. There were no statistically significant differences in the subscales within the group level using analysis of variance but offered some valuable insight and content analysis. Emergency department nurses collaborate with different agencies and discipline within their working environment. Understanding the basics of IPC and the perception of IPC within the SART may open doors to further appreciate the dynamics of this team.

Accidents and ethics: a visual-narrative approach.

Emergency department (ED) attendances are continuing to rise, and medical and nursing teams are working under considerable strain. ED clinicians are used to thinking on their feet and possess the skills to multitask, and juggle ever-changing and competing priorities against the clock. This article reports the findings of a study that enabled ED clinicians to take time out to reflect on some of the difficult decisions they make daily, and to ask whether they consider ethical principles in depth, and if they are of any practical help. Findings reveal that autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and distributive justice are evident in contemporary EDs, and clinicians need to be encouraged to incorporate ethical reasoning into their reflective practice. The term 'clinician' refers to doctors and nurses in this article.

Factors that impact on emergency nurses' ethical decision-making ability.

BACKGROUND:: Reliance on moral principles and professional codes has given nurses direction for ethical decision-making. However, rational models do not capture the emotion and reality of human choice. Intuitive response must be considered. RESEARCH PURPOSE:: Supporting intuition as an important ethical decision-making tool for nurses, the aim of this study was to determine relationships between intuition, years of worked nursing experience, and perceived ethical decision-making ability. A secondary aim explored the relationships between rational thought to years of worked nursing experience and perceived ethical decision-making ability. RESEARCH DESIGN AND CONTEXT:: A non-experimental, correlational research design was used. The Rational Experiential Inventory measured intuition and rational thought. The Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale measured perceived ethical decision-making ability. Pearson's r was the statistical method used to analyze three primary and two secondary research questions. PARTICIPANTS:: A sample of 182 emergency nurses was recruited electronically through the Emergency Nurses Association. Participants were self-selected. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:: Approval to conduct this study was obtained by the Adelphi University Institutional Review Board. FINDINGS:: A relationship between intuition and perceived ethical decision-making ability ( r = .252, p = .001) was a significant finding in this study. DISCUSSION:: This study is one of the first of this nature to make a connection between intuition and nurses' ethical decision-making ability. CONCLUSION:: This investigation contributes to a broader understanding of the different thought processes used by emergency nurses to make ethical decisions.

A recusa do cuidado em situações de emergência: uma abordagem fundamentada na teoria Human Becoming / The refusal of care in emergency situations: an approach based on the Human Becoming theory

A unidade de emergência tem a finalidade de receber e atender da melhor maneira possível todos os pacientes que requerem atendimentos emergenciais ou urgentes. No entanto, mesmo o paciente necessitando de cuidado, a enfermagem tem percebido recusa do atendimento por parte de alguns deles. Nesse sentido, questiona-se: quais os sentimentos e posicionamentos que emergem da equipe de enfermagem ao receber a recusa do atendimento por parte do paciente que necessita de cuidados? Sendo assim, o fenômeno deste estudo é a recusa do cuidado em situações de emergência, com uma abordagem fundamentada na teoria Human Becoming. Logo, foi construído o seguinte objetivo geral: Analisar os sentimentos e posicionamentos expressos pela equipe de enfermagem, diante da recusa do cuidado em situações de emergência, numa perspectiva fundamentada na teoria Human Becoming. E os objetivos específicos: Conhecer os sentimentos e os posicionamentos que emergem da equipe de enfermagem, diante da recusa do paciente em situação de urgência e emergência, a partir da relação enfermeiro-pessoa fundamentada na teoria Human Becoming; Discutir quais são os sentimentos e posicionamentos dos profissionais de enfermagem relacionados à teoria Human Becoming e à dimensão ética do cuidar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, de abordagem participativa, desenvolvida em 2016, na unidade de emergência de um Hospital Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética da UERJ sob o Protocolo nº 52543815.9.0000.5259. Os participantes foram os enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem da unidade de emergência. Os dados foram produzidos em 2016 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, Mapa-falante e World Café, e o tratamento dos dados seguiu a orientação da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, emergindo três categorias e uma subcategoria, intituladas: Emoções e sentimentos revelados na recusa; e sua subcategoria: O significado da recusa do cuidado na perspectiva dos participantes; O significado, a ritmicidade e a transcendência no relacionamento enfermeiro-pessoa; e Posicionamento após a recusa e a ética do cuidado. Conclui-se que diversos sentimentos emergem destes profissionais no momento da recusa, tais como a frustração, a raiva, a impotência, a empatia, a indiferença. Também foi possível analisar que muitos princípios da teoria de Parse são aplicados no cotidiano do relacionamento enfermeiro-paciente, na unidade de emergência. Porém, ainda há muito que avançar nesse sentido. Foi possível constatar que os profissionais procuram orientar e elucidar os pacientes, com respeito à autonomia destes.

The emergency unit is intended to receive and best serve all patients who require emergency or urgent care. However, despite the patient's need for care, nurses have noticed refusal of care by some of them. In this sense, this study questions: what are the feelings and positions that emerge from the nursing team when receiving the refusal of care by the patient in need of care? Thus, the phenomenon of this study is the refusal of care in emergency situations, with an approach based on the Human Becoming theory. Therefore, the following general objective was constructed: To analyze the feelings and positions expressed by the nursing team, in face of the refusal of care in emergency situations, from a perspective based on the Human Becoming theory. And the specific objectives: To know the feelings and the positioning that emerge from the nursing team, in the face of the patient's refusal in an emergency and urgent situation, in the context of the nurse-person relationship based on the Human Becoming theory; To discuss what are the feelings and positions of nursing professionals related to the ethical dimension of care and the Human Becoming theory. It is a qualitative, participatory approach. Approved by the Ethics Committee of UERJ under Protocol No. 52543815.9.0000.5259. The scenario for the development of the study was an emergency unit of a municipal hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Participants were the nurses and nursing technicians of the emergency unit. The data were collected in 2016 through interview, talking-map and World Café, and the data treatment followed the orientation of the Bardin Content Analysis, emerging three categories and a subcategory, entitled: Emotions and feelings arising from the refusal; and its subcategory: Motives and motivations for the refusal of care, according to nursing professionals; Meaning, rhythmicity and transcendence in the nurse-person relationship; And Positions after the refusal and relevance of the study. It is concluded that various feelings emerge from these professionals at the time of refusal, such as frustration, anger, impotence, empathy, indifference. It was also possible to analyze that many principles of Parse's theory are applied in the routine of the nurse-patient relationship in the emergency unit. However, there is still a long way to go in this direction. It was possible to verify that the professionals seek to orient and elucidate the patients, with respect to their autonomy.

Ethical issues in the response to Ebola virus disease in US emergency departments: a position paper of the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Emergency Nurses Association and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

The 2014 outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa has presented a significant public health crisis to the international health community and challenged US emergency departments to prepare for patients with a disease of exceeding rarity in developed nations. With the presentation of patients with Ebola to US acute care facilities, ethical questions have been raised in both the press and medical literature as to how US emergency departments, emergency physicians, emergency nurses and other stakeholders in the healthcare system should approach the current epidemic and its potential for spread in the domestic environment. To address these concerns, the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Emergency Nurses Association and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine developed this joint position paper to provide guidance to US emergency physicians, emergency nurses and other stakeholders in the healthcare system on how to approach the ethical dilemmas posed by the outbreak of EVD. This paper will address areas of immediate and potential ethical concern to US emergency departments in how they approach preparation for and management of potential patients with EVD.

Some ethical conflicts in emergency care.

BACKGROUND: Decision-making and assessment in emergency situations are complex and result many times in ethical conflicts between different healthcare professionals. AIM: To analyse and describe situations that can generate ethical conflict among nurses working in emergency situations. METHODS: Qualitative analysis. A total of 16 emergency nurses took part in interviews and a focus group. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Organisational approval by the University Hospital, and informed consent and confidentiality were ensured before conducting the research. RESULT/CONCLUSION: Two categories emerged: one in 'ethical issues' and one in 'emotions and feelings in caring'. The four ethical subcategories are presented: Autonomy, the first sub category: first, the nurse's ability to practise care on an emergency ward and, second, to support the patient and/or relatives in terms of care and medical treatment. The conflicts arise when the nurse ends up in the middle between the patient and the physician responsible for the diagnosis and treatment from a nature scientific perspective. Reification of injured body: patient was often reified and fragmented, becoming just a leg or arm. Different factors contributed in this perspective. Pain: pain relief was often inadequate but more effectively treated in the emergency medical services than at the emergency department. The nurses highlighted the phenomenon of suffering because they felt that pain was only an object, forgetting the patients' care need, like separating mind from body. Death: the nurses felt that the emergency services are only prepared to save lives and not to take care of the needs of patients with 'end-of-life' care. Another issue was the lack of ethical guidelines during a cardiac arrest. Resuscitation often continues without asking about the patient's 'previous wishes' in terms of resuscitation or not. In these situations, the nurses describe an ethical conflict with the physician in performing their role as the patient's advocate. The nurses express feelings of distress, suffering, anger and helplessness.

Ethical and legal challenges associated with disaster nursing.

BACKGROUND: In disaster situations, nurses may face new and unfamiliar ethical and legal challenges not common in their everyday practice. RESEARCH QUESTION/OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to explore Iranian nurses' experience of disaster response and their perception of the competencies required by nurses in this environment. RESEARCH DESIGN: This article discusses the findings of a descriptive study conducted in Iran in 2012. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: This research was conducted in Iran in 2012. Participants included 35 nurses who had experience in healthcare delivery following a disaster event in the past 10 years, either in a hospital or out-of-hospital context. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: This research study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. FINDINGS: From this study, five themes emerged as areas that nurses require competence in to work effectively in the disaster setting. This article focusses on one theme, the ethical and legal issues that arise during disaster response. Within the theme of ethical and legal issues, two sub-themes emerged. (1) Professional ethics explores professional responsibility of nurses as well as sense of ethical obligation. (2) Adherence to law refers to nurses' familiarity with and observation of legal requirements. DISCUSSION: This article adds to a growing pool of literature which explores the role of nurses in disasters. The findings of this study emphasize the need for nurses working in the disaster setting to be aware of professional responsibilities and familiar with legal requirements and the challenges related to observing ethical responsibilities. CONCLUSION: In highlighting these issues, this article may provide a useful starting point for the development of an educational framework for preparing nurses and other health professionals to work in the disaster setting.

Parental presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation of children: the experience, opinions and moral positions of emergency teams in France.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the experience, opinions and moral positions of French emergency physicians (EP) who had taken a paediatric university course on parental presence during child cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and to compare it with the responses of nurses on their teams. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 550 EPs who had taken the course during the previous 6 years; the EPs were also asked to give a copy of the questionnaire to nurses on their staff. Data were collected on experience of parental presence during child CPR, opinions on the practice, arguments for and against parental presence, and the moral positions of respondents regarding their perception of life and the sharing of medical/parental power in the decision-making process. RESULTS: 343 responses were analysed, 47% from EPs (29% response rate) and 53% from nurses. 52% of respondents had experienced parental presence during child CPR, but it had been the physician's wish on only 6% of these occasions. Only 17% of respondents favoured parental presence, with EPs (27%) being favourable more often than nurses (12%). The reasons against parental presence were psychological trauma for the parents, risk of interference with medical management, and care team stress. Respondents not in favour of parental presence expressed this view more for medical reasons than for parent-related reasons. The physicians not in favour of parental presence espoused a moral position predicated on medical power. CONCLUSIONS: A majority of EPs and nurses were reluctant to have parents present during child CPR. Their attitude involved medical paternalism.

[Hospitalization by court order: ethical dilemmas experienced by nurses]. / Internação por ordem judicial: dilemas éticos vivenciados por enfermeiros.

A qualitative study aimed at describing the situations experienced and the ethical dilemmas of nurses in the process of referring and receiving hospitalized patients by court order who require admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). A partially structured interview was conducted with 10 nurses who worked in the ICU and 10 who worked in the Emergency Room (ER) in public and private hospitals in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The data was analyzed following the Semantic Analysis. The results indicated that nurses experienced ethical dilemmas associated with problems of overcrowding in emergency rooms and ICUs, poor specialized technology and orientation as to the benefits provided by law. We concluded that it is essential for nurses to participate in discussions that allow the planning of the different instances that have been promoting this often chaotic situation.

Moral distress in emergency nurses.

INTRODUCTION: For nurses, moral distress leads to burnout, attrition, compassion fatigue, and patient avoidance. METHODS: Using a quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive design, we assessed the frequency, intensity, and type of moral distress in 51 emergency nurses in 1 community hospital using a 21-item, self-report, Likert-type questionnaire. RESULTS: Results showed a total mean moral distress level of 3.18, indicative of overall low moral distress. DISCUSSION: Situations with the highest levels of moral distress were related to the competency of health care providers and following family wishes to continue life support, also known as futile care. Moral distress was the reason given by 6.6% of registered nurses for leaving a previous position, 20% said that they had considered leaving a position but did not, and 13.3% stated that they are currently considering leaving their position because of moral distress.