RESUMEN
The effect of simultaneous application of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) and polychromatic near-infrared (NIR) radiation on bovine blood was examined to determine whether NIR light decreases the susceptibility of red blood cells (RBCs) to oxidative stress. The study assessed various exposure methods, wavelength ranges, and optical filtering types. Continuous NIR exposure revealed a biphasic response in cell-free hemoglobin changes, with antioxidative effects observed at low fluences and detrimental effects at higher fluences. Optimal exposure duration was identified between 60 s and 15 min. Protective effects were also tested across wavelengths in the range of 750-1100 nm, with all of them reducing hemolysis, notably at 750 nm, 875 nm, and 900 nm. Comparing broadband NIR and far-red light (750 nm) showed no significant difference in hemolysis reduction. Pulse-dosed NIR irradiation allowed safe increases in radiation dose, effectively limiting hemolysis at higher doses where continuous exposure was harmful. These findings highlight NIR photobiomodulation's potential in protecting RBCs from oxidative stress and will be helpful in the effective design of novel medical therapeutic devices.
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Eritrocitos , Hemólisis , Rayos Infrarrojos , Estrés Oxidativo , terc-Butilhidroperóxido , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de la radiación , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Bovinos , Animales , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Hemólisis/efectos de la radiación , terc-Butilhidroperóxido/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Hemoglobinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
This research article introduces dielectric and thermodynamic state functions as physical markersdetecting both radiation effects and biological repairs to such damages. The red blood cells of rats were physically investigated in this work after whole body irradiation by 7 Gy of gamma rays and trying for reducing the damage effect of ionizing radiation by using the one of the best medicinal plants, Moringa leaves, which are rich with plentiful amounts of antioxidants and nutrients. The animals were divided into six groups; control, Moringa, irradiated, protected, treated, pro-treated. The physical parameters measured were impedance and DC conductivity then, relaxation time, activation energy and enthalpy change were calculated. Most of these parameters showed that the damage occurred in RBCs membrane due to ionizing radiation needs more than four weeks after irradiation to recover. As dipolar relaxation required much more time to occur and charge conduction were greatly reduced.
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Moringa , Ratas , Animales , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Rayos gamma , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la PlantaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Preparing small-dose red cell concentrates (RCCs) is a common practice for pediatric and neonatal transfusions. However, there is a lack of quality monitoring data to indicate that both the preparation and storage of small-dose RCCs does not alter in vitro red cell quality. The present study seeks to provide data to support this practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate quality of stored small aliquots, six ABO/Rh matched leukoreduced citrate phosphate-dextrose/saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (LR CPD/SAGM) RCCs were pooled and split into 30 ml aliquots, 80 ml aliquots, and a standard 290 ml unit, with testing performed for up to 43 days post-collection. To evaluate the impact of irradiation on small-dose RCC preparation, a total of 48 independent LR CPD/SAGM RCCs were used (non-irradiated: n = 24; irradiated: n = 24). Aliquoting with/without irradiation was performed within 7 days of collection and baseline testing was performed within 24 h of aliquot production. RESULTS: Limited variability in hemolysis, mean cell volume, and extracellular potassium concentrations were seen between the different aliquot sizes throughout the 43-day storage period. Aliquot production did not accentuate damage based on any of these tested parameters in both the non-irradiated and irradiated subsets. A significant increase was seen in the potassium concentrations in the irradiated parent and aliquot samples relative to their non-irradiated counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Non-irradiated small-aliquot dose RCCs meet in vitro quality criteria required for safe transfusion throughout the 42-day storage period. The same can be said for aliquots derived from irradiated units and tested within 24 h of aliquot production.
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Carcinoma de Células Renales , Neoplasias Renales , Conservación de la Sangre , Niño , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Rayos gamma , Hemólisis , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Potasio , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The state of red blood cells (RBCs) and their functional possibilities depend on the structural organization of the membranes. Cell morphology and membrane nanostructure are compositionally and functionally related to the cytoskeleton network. In this work, the influence of agents (hemin, endogenous oxidation during storage of packed RBCs, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature, and potential of hydrogen (pH) changes) on the relationships between cytoskeleton destruction, membrane nanostructure, and RBC morphology was observed by atomic force microscope. It was shown that the influence of factors of a physical and biochemical nature causes structural rearrangements in RBCs at all levels of organization, forming a unified mechanism of disturbances in relationships "cytoskeleton-membrane nanosurface-cell morphology". Filament ruptures and, consequently, large cytoskeleton pores appeared. The pores caused membrane topological defects in the form of separate grain domains. Increasing loading doses led to an increase in the number of large cytoskeleton pores and defects and their fusion at the membrane nanosurfaces. This caused the changes in RBC morphology. Our results can be used in molecular cell biology, membrane biophysics, and in fundamental and practical medicine.
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Membrana Celular/ultraestructura , Citoesqueleto/ultraestructura , Eritrocitos/patología , Adulto , Células Cultivadas , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Hemina/toxicidad , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Luz/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxidantes/toxicidadRESUMEN
Background and Purpose. Postexposure onset of dietary restriction (DR) is expected to provide therapeutic nutritional approaches to reduce health risk from exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) due to such as manned space exploration, radiotherapy, or nuclear accidents as IR could alleviate radiocarcinogenesis in animal models. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study is aimed at investigating the effect from postexposure onset of DR on genotoxicity and genomic instability (GI) induced by total body irradiation (TBI) in mice. Materials and Methods. Mice were exposed to 2.0 Gy of accelerated iron particles with an initial energy of 500 MeV/nucleon and a linear energy transfer (LET) value of about 200 keV/µm. After TBI, mice were either allowed to free access to a standard laboratory chow or treated under DR (25% cut in diet). Using micronucleus frequency (MNF) in bone marrow erythrocytes, induction of acute genotoxicity and GI in the hematopoietic system was, respectively, determined 1 and 2 months after TBI. Results and Conclusions. TBI alone caused a significant increase in MNF while DR alone did not markedly influence the MNF. DR induced a significant decrease in MNF compared to the treatment by TBI alone. Results demonstrated that postexposure onset of DR could relieve the elevated MNF induced by TBI with high-LET iron particles. These findings indicated that reduction in acute genotoxicity and late GI may be at least a part of the mechanisms underlying decreased radiocarcinogenesis by DR.
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Inestabilidad Genómica/efectos de la radiación , Hierro/efectos adversos , Animales , Núcleo Celular/efectos de la radiación , Dietoterapia/métodos , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad/métodos , Radiación IonizanteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gamma irradiation of blood products is used to prevent transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease by inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes that are implicated in the disease. Gamma irradiation also damages the red blood cells (RBCs). It is unknown whether hypoxia reduces the efficacy of gamma irradiation in inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation (LP). The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of hypoxia on gamma irradiation-induced inhibition of LP and on the in vitro properties of RBCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four units (300-340 ml each) of less than 8-h-old ABO-matched leukocyte reduced red cell concentrates (LR-RCC) in additive solution 3 were pooled in pairs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from non-leukocyte reduced RCCs and added back to the pool at a final concentration of 2 × 105 /ml. The pool was divided equally into a conventional storage bag A and a hypoxic processing and storage bag B. The units were gamma-irradiated at 25Gy on day 7 for the LP experiment and on either day 7 or 14 for the RBC quality experiments. LP was measured using a limiting dilution assay, and several in vitro metrics of RBCs were measured. RESULTS: Gamma irradiation inhibited T-lymphocyte proliferation by 4.7 × 104 -fold reduction in both hypoxic and conventional storage. The in vitro metrics of RBC quality were better preserved in hypoxic storage. DISCUSSION: T lymphocytes present in hypoxic RBC are equally susceptible to gamma irradiation as conventional storage. Hypoxic storage also reduces the deleterious effects of gamma irradiation on RBCs.
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Conservación de la Sangre , Leucocitos Mononucleares , Proliferación Celular , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Rayos gamma , Humanos , HipoxiaRESUMEN
High natural-background radioactivity levels occur in the semi-arid region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. We have studied the lizard Phyllopezus periosus, an endemic species of the Brazilian caatinga with saxicolous habitat, as a bioindicator of environmental quality. Specimens were collected in three areas, an environmental protection area and two areas recognized as having high natural background radiation, one of these being a mining area. Level of metals and gamma radiation emitters present in the water sources potentially used by the lizards were measured. The biological endpoints assessed were micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in blood samples. Significant differences in background radioactivity levels were found among the assessed areas. Statistically significant differences in micronuclei and nuclear abnormality frequencies were seen, among the study areas and a relationship between radioactivity level and genetic damage was observed.
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Radiación de Fondo/efectos adversos , Eritrocitos , Lagartos , Animales , Brasil , Núcleo Celular/genética , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/efectos de la radiación , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de la radiación , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/veterinaria , Análisis Citogenético/veterinaria , Clima Desértico , Ecosistema , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Eritrocitos/patología , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Lagartos/sangre , Lagartos/genética , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad/veterinaria , RadiactividadRESUMEN
Optical folding and rotation behavior of red blood cells (RBCs) in polarized laser tweezers are considerably important for understanding the biophysical and biomechanical properties using the fast probing method. Here, a dual-mode polarized single-laser tweezers technique with distinct principal axes exhibiting different polarization states is presented and designed to investigate the deformation, optical folding, and rotation of single living cells with one measurement. RBC optical folding and rotation speed are measured in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), including follow up of patients after hydroxyurea (HU) treatment for at least three months. Folding angle and rotation speed are significantly lower in patients with SCD and do not significantly differ in patients treated by HU compared with the healthy control group. The RBC folding angle and rotation speed in patients treated with HU drug increase linearly at lower laser powers and rapidly at higher powers, and increase much slowly in patients not treated with HU. The difference in the folding angle and rotation speed of RBCs could be useful for drug response in SCD or predicting pain crisis in SCD.
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Anemia de Células Falciformes/sangre , Anemia de Células Falciformes/tratamiento farmacológico , Eritrocitos/fisiología , Hidroxiurea/administración & dosificación , Anemia de Células Falciformes/metabolismo , Antidrepanocíticos/administración & dosificación , Biomarcadores/análisis , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Recuento de Eritrocitos , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Humanos , Rayos Láser , Masculino , Pinzas Ópticas , Rotación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Most women with breast cancer can become pregnant and give birth while undergoing radiation therapy and breastfeeding is generally not contraindicated. The induction of long-lived reactive species in proteins, such as casein by X-ray radiation and DNA damage to unexposed organisms, has been shown when ingesting irradiated cheese. To determine whether exposing lactating rats to X-rays increases the number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) in peripheral blood of their unexposed or breastfeeding rat pups, 15 female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Negative control; Experimental group exposed to X-rays, and group exposed to X-rays plus vitamin C. The mothers of groups 2 and 3 were irradiated for three consecutive days after giving birth, returning them to their respective cages each time to continue lactation. A blood sample was taken from the mothers and pups at 0, 24, and 48 hr. Blood smears were stained with acridine orange to analyze MNEs. In mother rats, the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) increased significantly at 24 and 48 hr in both study groups exposed to radiation. Likewise, in rat pups the MNPCE and MNE frequencies increased in both groups with radiation and radiation plus vitamin C at 24 and 48 hr, and a protection from vitamin C was observed. In conclusion, the genotoxic damage produced in rat pups that were lactated by mothers irradiated with X-rays is possibly due to the effect of long-lived reactive species that were formed in the breast milk of female Wistar rats during the irradiation process.
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Daño del ADN/genética , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Lactancia/efectos de la radiación , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Neoplasias de la Mama/complicaciones , Neoplasias de la Mama/radioterapia , Daño del ADN/efectos de la radiación , Eritrocitos/patología , Femenino , Lactancia/genética , Masculino , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Madres , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Rayos X/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Irradiation of red blood cells (RBCs) inactivates residual donor T lymphocytes to prevent transfusion-associated graft-vs-host disease (TA-GVHD) but can have adverse effects on recipients and inventory management. Reported incidence of TA-GVHD is lower when leukoreduced RBCs and older blood products are transfused; therefore, the impact of leukoreduction and storage was evaluated as an alternative prevention strategy. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Effectiveness of leukoreduction filters on white blood cell (WBC) proliferation was evaluated by filtering buffy coat (BC) products and isolating residual WBCs. Additionally, leukoreduced RBCs were spiked with 5 × 106 WBCs on Day 21 of hypothermic storage, then stored and processed on Days 7, 14, and 21 to obtain residual WBCs to investigate the impact of hypothermic storage on their viability and proliferative ability. Viability of residual WBCs was assessed by staining with annexin V and an antibody cocktail for flow cytometry analysis. Proliferative ability was assessed by placing carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled residual WBCs into culture for 6 days with phytohemagglutinin before flow cytometry assessment. RESULTS: Filtration of BC units depleted WBCs, particularly T lymphocytes, to 0.001% ± 0.003% cells/unit, although proliferative activity remained consistent with prefiltration levels of WBCs. WBCs in stored RBCs remained viable even on Day 21 of storage; however, the proliferative activity decreased to 0.24% ± 0.41%. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothermic storage of RBCs for 21 days or more is sufficient to inactivate T lymphocytes, which may help prevent TA-GVHD when irradiated RBCs are not available.
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Criobiología/métodos , Eritrocitos/fisiología , Procedimientos de Reducción del Leucocitos/métodos , Reacción a la Transfusión/prevención & control , Conservación de la Sangre/métodos , Proliferación Celular/fisiología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de la radiación , Transfusión de Eritrocitos/efectos adversos , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Filtración , Citometría de Flujo/métodos , Humanos , Incidencia , Procedimientos de Reducción del Leucocitos/estadística & datos numéricos , Leucocitos/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/efectos de la radiación , Factores de Tiempo , Reacción a la Transfusión/epidemiología , Reacción a la Transfusión/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We used laboratory indicators to evaluate the quality of pathogen-reduced red blood cell suspension (RBCS) compared with gamma-irradiated RBCS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine biochemical and metabolic parameters of RBCS, we obtained 50 whole blood units from healthy volunteers and randomized them into 2 groups: 25 were pathogen-reduced, and then, RBCS prepared from them. RBCS from the other 25 was gamma-irradiated. Sampling was carried out on day zero before and after treatment and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. To determine lymphocyte inactivation, we collected another 35 whole blood units. Each was sampled to form 3 study groups: untreated, gamma-irradiated and pathogen-reduced. Daily sampling was carried out during 3 days of storage. RESULTS: The quality of RBCS from both groups was largely the same, except for haemolysis and red blood cell fragility, which were more pronounced in the pathogen-reduced group. This finding limited the shelf life of pathogen-reduced RBCS to 14 days. Lymphocyte viability was significantly reduced after both treatments. Proliferation of lymphocytes after pathogen reduction was reduced to the detection limit, while low-level proliferation was observed in gamma-irradiated samples. CONCLUSION: Pathogen-reduced red blood cells have acceptable quality and can be used for transfusion within 14 days. Results of inactivation of lymphocytes demonstrate that pathogen reduction technology, applied on WB, can serve as an alternative to irradiation.
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Conservación de la Sangre/métodos , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Conservación de la Sangre/normas , Recuento de Eritrocitos , Eritrocitos/citología , Rayos gamma , Hemólisis , Humanos , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), which generally increases with age, is a risk marker for morbidity and mortality in various diseases. We investigated the association between elevated RDW and prior radiation exposure by examining longitudinal RDW changes in 4204 atomic-bomb survivors over 15 years. A positive association was found between RDW and radiation dose, wherein RDW increased by 0·18%/Gy. This radiation-associated effect increased as the participants aged. Elevated RDW was also associated with higher all-cause mortality. The biological mechanisms underlying these observed associations merit further investigation.
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Supervivientes a la Bomba Atómica/estadística & datos numéricos , Índices de Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Exposición a la Radiación/efectos adversos , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Morbilidad/tendencias , Mortalidad/tendencias , Dosis de Radiación , Análisis de Regresión , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated blood components processed by the platelet rich plasma (PRP) method from fresh whole blood (FWB) treated with a pathogen reduction technology (PRT). The effects of storage temperature on PRT treated platelet concentrates (PCs) were also examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PRT was performed using riboflavin and ultraviolet light on FWB in citrate phosphate dextrose anticoagulant. Following PRT, red blood cells (RBCs), PCs, and plasma for fresh frozen plasma (FFP), were isolated by sequential centrifugation. RBCs were stored at 4°C, FFP at -80°C, and PC at 22°C or at 4°C. Components were assayed throughout their storage times for blood gases, chemistry and CBC, hemostatic function as well as platelet (PLT) and RBC integrity. RESULTS: Component processing following PRT resulted in a significant drop in platelet recovery. Most PRT-PC bags fell below AABB guidelines for platelet count. PRT-PC also showed a decrease in clot strength and decreased aggregometry response. Platelet caspases were activated by PRT. Storage at 4°C improved platelet function. In PRT-FFP, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time (PT and aPTT) were prolonged; factors V, VII, VIII, and XI, protein C, and fibrinogen were significantly decreased. Free hemoglobin was elevated two-fold in PRT-RBC. CONCLUSION: Blood components isolated by the PRP method from PRT-treated WB result in a high percentage of PC that fail to meet AABB guidelines. FFP also shows diminished coagulation capacity. However, PRT-RBC are comparable to control-RBC. PRT-WB retains acceptable hemostatic function but alternatives to the PRP method of component separation may be more suitable.
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Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Plasma/metabolismo , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas/metabolismo , Anticoagulantes/farmacología , Factores de Coagulación Sanguínea/metabolismo , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre , Conservación de la Sangre , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Tiempo de Tromboplastina Parcial , Recuento de Plaquetas , Pruebas de Función Plaquetaria , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas/efectos de los fármacos , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas/efectos de la radiación , Tiempo de Protrombina , Riboflavina/farmacología , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
Ahematological and morphological investigation was made of the effects of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) stimulus on oxidized erythrocyte membrane using the smear method and spectroscopic measurement. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) was used for oxidative stress, and verapamil was used as reduction agent on red blood cells (RBCs). Our PMF stimulator system was designed to generate a maximum intensity of 0.27 T at a transition time of 0.102 ms. The morphology of oxidized RBCs, and oxidative stressed RBCs after treatment with a reducing agent were observed before and after PMF. Light absorbance of hemoglobin (Hb) was measured in the membrane as well as plasma, through hemolysis of RBCs. Absorbance for a sample exposed to PMF before the oxidation treatment was lower than that for a sample not exposed to PMF in the plasma. This means that PMF plays a role in preventing hemolysis of erythrocyte membrane from oxidative stress. Our results were confirmed using an osmotic fragility test. Hemolysis in the case of PMF treatment is 28% lower than that of non-PMF treatment. As a result, PMF stimulus is proposed to achieve an improvement of RBCs aggregation and prevent RBCs from oxidative stress, and could be used in various clinical fields related to peripheral vascular diseases. For further clinical application, we need to optimize PMF intensity and stimulated duration.
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Eritrocitos , Hemólisis , Campos Magnéticos , Estrés Oxidativo , Membrana Eritrocítica , Eritrocitos/patología , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Hemólisis/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Campos Magnéticos/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Purpose: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of silymarin and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to ameliorate the damage caused by gamma radiation.Materials and methods: MSCs were given by intravenous injection to male rats (1.4 × 107 cells), 1 day next to gamma radiation (4Gy). While, silymarin was administered orally at a dose of 70 mg/kg b. wt., 3 days before irradiation and continued for 21 days post irradiation.Results: After 1 and 3 weeks post-irradiation, the results revealed a significant decline in red blood corpuscles (RBCs), white blood corpuscles (WBCs) and platelets count with rising in serum lipid profile [total lipids (TL), total glycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels] and total bilirubin; while significant decreases in serum total protein and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were observed. In irradiated animals receiving double treatment with MSCs and silymarin; amelioration of the changes observed in hematological and biochemical parameters when comparing with the irradiated group.Conclusions: Treatment with a radio-protector (such as silymarin) in addition to MSCs transplantation was recommended to protect against gamma radiation injury.
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Antioxidantes/farmacología , Rayos gamma , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de la radiación , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Silimarina/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Plaquetas/efectos de la radiación , Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Leucocitos/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , RatasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the effect of additional acute irradiation (AAI) in sub-lethal range on the peculiarities of formation of qualitative composition of red blood and adaptive possibilities of the hematopoietic system of fish in reservoirs within the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), contaminated with radionuclides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the Prussian carp Carassius gibelio Bloch (2-3 years old) from Vershyna Lake (impacted reservoir in the CEZ) and Dibrova Lake (reference reservoir), where the average absorbed dose rate (ADR) was, respectively, 110.80 and 0.07 µGy/h. The fish were exposed by a single X-ray dose at the unit RUM-17 (ADR - 0.89 Gy/min) at dose of 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 Gy. Morphological and cytogenetic studies of red blood cells were per- formed dynamically for the 1st, 7th and 30th day after irradiation. The blood was taken from the tail vein and stained by Pappenheim's method. Cytomorphological abnormalities of erythrocytes were analyzed for 3000 cells (). RESULTS: In blood of fish from the impacted reservoir (Vershyna Lake) on the 1st day after AAI, the average number of all types of deformations of erythrocytes cells increased in 2.1 times, and in fish of the reference reservoir (Dibrova Lake) - in 5.2 times. General spectrum of erythrocyte disturbances in fish of Vershyna Lake has increased from 4 to 6 types (in 1.5 times), and Dibrova Lake - from 2 to 5 types (in 2.5 times). However, further observations of the dynamics of morphological disorders of fish's blood cells from Vershyna Lake on the 7th and the 30th day after AAI showed a significant increase in pathological processes in comparison with the reference reservoir, namely - an increase in the number of gross damage of DNA molecules - amitosis (on average in 14.8 times), erythrocytes with septum in the nucleus (in 1.9 times), as well as structural disorders in the cells - protuberances (in 10.5 times), cells with vacuolate cytoplasm (in 8.6 times). CONCLUSIONS: The red blood cells of the fish of the impacted reservoir show a greater vulnerability to AAI, which manifests itself in an increase in the number of erythrocytes with pathology of mitosis and may indicate a violation of the genetic structures of cells due to long-term radiation exposure.
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Carpas/sangre , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Lagos/química , Radioisótopos/toxicidad , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Agua/toxicidad , Rayos X/efectos adversos , Animales , Eritrocitos/patología , Dosis de Radiación , UcraniaRESUMEN
Male C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to daily 24-h illumination over 14 days and daily intragastrically received melatonin (1 mg/kg) or water (placebo). Controls were kept under standard day/night (14/10 h) conditions. Melatonin prevented the development of anemia in mice exposed to continuous illumination, which was proven by higher blood hemoglobin levels by the end of the experiment in melatonin-treated animals in comparison with the placebo group. Studies by the low-field NMR spectrometry detected lower lean body mass, total body water, and especially, fat content (by ~13%) in animals receiving placebo. Melatonin treatment led to an increase in the lean body mass and total body water on day 7 (in comparison with the placebo group) without affecting fat mass. On day 14 of continuous illumination, lean body mass increased in comparison with the corresponding parameter in the control and placebo groups. Melatonin had no effect on the physical endurance of mice exposed to continuous illumination (assessed by the grid hanging test).
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Composición Corporal/efectos de la radiación , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Luz , Melatonina/farmacología , Animales , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , FotoperiodoRESUMEN
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) occurs as a result of partial- or whole-body, high-dose exposure to radiation in a very short period of time. Survival is dependent on the severity of the hematopoietic sub-syndrome of ARS. In this study, we investigated the mitigating effects of a lipid molecule, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG), on the kinetics of hematopoietic cells, including absolute neutrophil count (ANC), red blood cells (RBCs) and platelet counts, in mice after gamma-ray total-body irradiation (TBI). Male and female BALB/c mice (11 weeks old) received a LD70/30 dose of TBI. PLAG significantly and dose-dependently attenuated radiation-induced mortality (P = 0.0041 for PLAG 50 mg/kg; P < 0.0001 for PLAG 250 mg/kg) and body weight loss (P < 0.0001 for PLAG 50 and 250 mg/kg) in mice. Single-fraction TBI sharply reduced ANC within 3 days postirradiation and maintained the neutropenic state (ANC < 500 cells/µl) by approximately 26.8 ± 0.8 days. However, administration of PLAG attenuated radiation-induced severe neutropenia (ANC < 100 cells/µl) by effectively delaying the mean day of its onset and decreasing its duration. PLAG also significantly mitigated radiation-induced thrombocytopenia (P < 0.0001 for PLAG 250 mg/kg) and anemia (P = 0.0023 for PLAG 250 mg/kg) by increasing mean platelet and RBC counts, as well as hemoglobin levels, in peripheral blood. Moreover, delayed administration of PLAG, even at 48 and 72 h after gamma-ray irradiation, significantly attenuated radiation-induced mortality in a time-dependent manner. When compared to olive oil and palmitic linoleic hydroxyl (PLH), only PLAG effectively attenuated radiation-induced mortality, indicating that it has a distinctive mechanism of action. Based on these preclinical observations, we concluded that PLAG has high potential as a radiation countermeasure for the improvement of survivability and the treatment of hematopoietic injury in gamma-ray-induced ARS.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Radiación Aguda/sangre , Síndrome de Radiación Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Diglicéridos/uso terapéutico , Radiación Ionizante , Irradiación Corporal Total/efectos adversos , Animales , Plaquetas/efectos de la radiación , Peso Corporal , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Rayos gamma , Cinética , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Neutrófilos/efectos de la radiación , Recuento de Plaquetas , Trombocitopenia/etiologíaRESUMEN
Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on proinflammatory cytokines and hematological parameters, among the employees of a power plant, which are one of the most important occupational groups exposed to ELF-EMFs extensively.Materials and methods: The studied population included 112 employees of a power plant as the exposed group and 138 unexposed employees who were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The magnetic flux density and the strength of the electric field were determined by spot measurements and according to the IEEE C95.3.1 standard. Proinflammatory cytokines including serum interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); and hematologic parameters of all subjects were measured.Results: The mean level of IL-1ß and IL-6, white blood cell count (WBC) and red blood cell count (RBC), lymphocyte percentage (Lym%), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelet count (PLT) and procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly more in the exposed group, than the unexposed group. The mean serum levels of IL-6, IL-1ß and some of the hematological parameters including WBC, lymphocyte, RBC and hematocrit were higher in technicians which had the highest level of exposure to magnetic fields compared to other groups and these relations were linear.Conclusions: Long-term exposure to ELF-EMFs probably affects immune responses, by stimulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and increasing some hematological parameters.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/efectos de la radiación , Citocinas/metabolismo , Campos Electromagnéticos/efectos adversos , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Leucocitos/efectos de la radiación , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Hematócrito , Humanos , Inflamación , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Centrales Eléctricas , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective: This study represents a viable assessment of the effect of the low-level laser (LLL) of 635 nm and ultraviolet (UV) of 265 nm on biophysical properties of blood. Materials and methods: Blood samples were divided into two main groups: one for irradiation by LLL and the other for irradiation by UV. Each group was divided into three aliquots. First aliquot: whole blood was exposed to radiation. The second aliquot: erythrocytes were exposed to radiation and resuspended in autologous plasma. The third aliquot: plasma was exposed to radiation, and erythrocytes were resuspended in it. The following parameters were measured after irradiation by LLL and UV for all aliquots: whole blood viscosity, microscopic aggregation index, deformation index, and Zeta potential. Results: A decrease in whole blood viscosity due to irradiation by LLL was observed. To the contrary, an increase in whole blood viscosity due to irradiation by UV was detected. A significant reduction in erythrocytes' aggregation was observed as a result of LLL and UV radiation. Erythrocytes' deformability was strongly affected by UV radiation, while there was no significant effect from LLL. Another noticeable change observed was an increase in Zeta potential due to UV and a decrease in Zeta potential values, as a result of LLL irradiation. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that LLL and UV can be used to change some biological processes, as well as cellular properties.