Hemoglobin S polymerization and sickle cell disease: A retrospective on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of Pauling's Science paper.

70 years ago, Linus Pauling, the legendary genius of 20th century chemistry, published his famous work on the molecular cause of sickle cell disease, a paper that gave birth to what is now called molecular medicine. In this paper, Pauling left important questions unanswered that have motivated an enormous amount of scientific and clinical research since then. This retrospective discusses the basic science studies that have answered those questions directly related to the kinetics and thermodynamics of hemoglobin S polymerization.

Razas humanas y hémato-ser-antropología: orígenes de los indígenas de Chile y nativos pascuenses en el concierto de las razas humanas / Human races and hemato-sero-anthropology: origins of Chilean natives and natives from Easter Island in the context of human races

Geographical hematology of Bernard and Ruffie, or Hemato-ser-anthropology, intends to establish relationships between hereditary genetic characters of the blood and human races. Blood groups, haptoglobins, abnormal hemoglobin and other biological traits such as color vision are related to the origin of human races, their geographical distribution, history, settlements drifts, invasions, customs, religious beliefs, cult to ancestors dead modifications, culture, language, writting, sculpture, painting and pottery. Our investigations are aimed to locate Chilean natives and natives from Easter Island in the context of human races