Gemella bergeri infective endocarditis: a case report and brief review of literature.

Gemella is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria found in the digestive tract of humans. They rarely cause systemic illness but have been recently implicated in several serious infections. We report infective endocarditis caused by Gemella bergeri in a 23-year-old with a bicuspid aortic valve status post-intervention in infancy.

Spread of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolates Despite Validated Infection Control Measures in an Italian Hospital: Antibiotic Resistance and Genotypic Characterization of the Endemic Strain.

An alarming increase of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) isolates was detected in an Italian referral hospital subjected to policies of infection control validated by the Joint Commission International. Analysis of the population structure of 122 consecutive, nonreplicate VREfm isolates collected over an 18-month period identified a single major clone that spread around the whole hospital, rapidly establishing an endemic state. It belonged to sequence type (ST) 17 and showed a highly multidrug-resistant phenotype, being resistant to all antimicrobial classes for the carriage of several resistance determinants. Furthermore, some strains with decreased susceptibility to daptomycin were detected. Eighteen out of the 122 isolates did not group in the major clone. They showed a low spreading potential inside the hospital wards, even if most of them displayed a multidrug-resistant phenotype and belonged to a hospital-adapted lineage. Causes that led to the VREfm endemic state have not been fully elucidated. However, it is conceivable that the increase in systemic antibiotic consumption and the use of selective digestive tract decontamination, including vancomycin in critically ill patients during the period before 2014, may have played a role in the ST17 clone dissemination, but additional traits conferring high fitness in hospital environment cannot be excluded.

[EXPERIENCE OF THE RATIONAL ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY CONDUCTION IN TREATMENT OF CHILDREN FOR THE BURN TRAUMA].

Abstract The principles of rational antibacterial therapy in children for the burn trauma were analyzed. The results of the completed treatment of 808 children for the burn trauma in a Combustiological Department of Municipal clinical hospital of City of Zaporozhye were studied. In 326 (40.3%) children antibacterial therapy was conducted, including one antibiotic--in 268 (82.2%), two and more--in 37 (11.3%). The preparations were prescribed empirically, taking into account bacteriological profile of the Department and the patients premorbidity background present. Prescription of modern anticlostridial probiotics, containing stamms of Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus acedofilus R0052, on background of continuing antibacterial therapy, have constituted the effective measure of prophylaxis for the antibiotic-associated diarrhea, as the most frequent complication of antibacterial therapy.