RESUMEN
Objective: Our objective was to determine whether equine herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) viral nucleic acids could be detected immediately after foaling from nasal and vaginal swabs, whole blood, and placental tissue of healthy mares. Animals procedure and results: Nasal and vaginal swabs, EDTA blood, and placental tissue (296 samples) were collected from 74 clinically healthy postpartum broodmares within 24 h after giving birth to live, clinically healthy foals. All samples were tested (PCR) for nucleic acids of neuropathogenic and non-neuropathogenic strains of EHV-1, and all were negative. Conclusion and clinical relevance: As EHV-1 was not detected in the immediate postpartum period in healthy mares with uncomplicated foaling, we inferred that EHV-1-positive samples from aborting mares and/or EHV-1 detection in fetal membranes indicate EHV-1-associated abortion.
Tests moléculaires pour l'herpèsvirus équin 1 (EHV-1) chez des juments poulinières post-partum en bonne santé. Objectif: Notre objectif était de déterminer si les acides nucléiques viraux de l'herpèsvirus équin 1 (EHV-1) pouvaient être détectés immédiatement après la mise bas à partir de prélèvements nasaux et vaginaux, de sang total et de tissus placentaires de juments saines. Animaux procédure et résultats: Des écouvillons nasaux et vaginaux, du sang EDTA et du tissu placentaire (296 échantillons) ont été prélevés sur 74 juments poulinières post-partum cliniquement saines dans les 24 heures suivant la naissance de poulains vivants et cliniquement sains. Tous les échantillons ont été testés (PCR) pour les acides nucléiques des souches neuropathogènes et non-neuropathogènes de l'EHV-1, et tous se sont révélés négatifs. Conclusion et pertinence clinique: Comme l'EHV-1 n'a pas été détecté dans la période post-partum immédiate chez des juments en bonne santé avec un poulinage sans complication, nous avons déduit que les échantillons positifs pour l'EHV-1 provenant de juments qui ont avorté et/ou la détection de l'EHV-1 dans les membranes foetales indiquent un avortement associé à l'EHV-1.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Équido 1 , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Periodo Posparto , Animales , Caballos , Herpesvirus Équido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Embarazo , Placenta/virología , Vagina/virología , Aborto Veterinario/virología , ADN Viral/análisis , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinariaRESUMEN
In populations of healthy show horses, the subclinical transmission and circulation of respiratory pathogens can lead to disease outbreaks. Due to recent outbreaks of equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy (EHM) in the USA and Europe, many show organizers have instituted various biosecurity protocols such as individual horse testing, monitoring for early clinical disease and increasing hygiene and cleanliness protocols. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of detecting EHV-1 in the various environmental samples collected from the stalls of subclinical shedders. Four healthy adult horses were vaccinated intranasally with a modified-live EHV-1 vaccine in order to mimic subclinical shedding. Three additional horses served as non-vaccinated controls. All the horses were stabled in the same barn in individual stalls. Each vaccinated horse had nose-to-nose contact with at least one other horse. Prior to the vaccine administration, and daily thereafter for 10 days, various samples were collected, including a 6" rayon-tipped nasal swab, an environmental sponge, a cloth strip placed above the automatic waterer and an air sample. The various samples were processed for nucleic acid purification and analyzed for the presence of EHV-1 via quantitative PCR (qPCR). EHV-1 in nasal secretions was only detected in the vaccinated horses for 1-2 days post-vaccine administration. The environmental sponges tested EHV-1 qPCR-positive for 2-5 days (median 3.5 days) in the vaccinated horses and 1 day for a single control horse. EHV-1 was detected by qPCR in stall strips from three out of four vaccinated horses and from two out of three controls for only one day. EHV-1 qPCR-positive air samples were only detected in three out of four vaccinated horses for one single day. For the vaccinated horses, a total of 25% of the nasal swabs, 35% of the environmental stall sponges, 7.5% of the strips and 7.5% of the air samples tested qPCR positive for EHV-1 during the 10 study days. When monitoring the subclinical EHV-1 shedders, the collection and testing of the environmental sponges were able to detect EHV-1 in the environment with greater frequency as compared to nasal swabs, stationary strips and air samples.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Équido 1 , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Animales , Caballos , Herpesvirus Équido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/prevención & control , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/prevención & control , Esparcimiento de Virus , Microbiología AmbientalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a highly contagious respiratory tract pathogen of horses, and infection may be followed by myeloencephalopathy or abortion. Surveillance and early detection have focused on PCR assays using less tolerated nasal swabs. Here, we assess non-invasive non-contact sampling techniques as surveillance tools in naturally equid gammaherpesvirus 2-shedding horses as surrogates for EHV-1. METHODS: Horses were individually housed for 10 h periods on 2 consecutive days. Sampling included nasal swabs, nostril wipes, environmental swabs, droplet-catching devices, and air sampling. The latter was completed via two strategies: a combined air sample collected while going from horse to horse and a collective air sample collected at a stationary central point for 6 h. Samples were screened through quantitative PCR and digital PCR. RESULTS: Nine horses on day 1 and 11 horses on day 2 were positive for EHV-1; overall, 90.9% of the nostril wipes, 81.8% of the environmental surfaces, and 90.9% of the droplet-catching devices were found to be positive. Quantitative analysis showed that the mean DNA copies detection per cm2 of nostril wipe sampled concentration (4.3 × 105 per day) was significantly (p < 0.05) comparable to that of nasal swabs (3.6 × 105 per day) followed by environmental swabs (4.3 × 105 per day) and droplet catchers (3.5 × 103 per day), respectively. Overall, 100% of the air samples collected were positive on both qPCR and dPCR. In individual air samples, a mean concentration of 1.0 × 104 copies of DNA were detected in per m3 air sampled per day, while in the collective air samples, the mean concentration was 1.1 × 103. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental samples look promising in replacing direct contact sampling. Environmental and air sampling could become efficient surveillance tools at equestrian events; however, it needs threshold calculations for minimum detection levels.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Équido 1 , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Animales , Caballos/virología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Herpesvirus Équido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesvirus Équido 1/genética , Manejo de Especímenes/métodos , Femenino , Esparcimiento de VirusRESUMEN
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) cause a wide variety of central nervous system (CNS) infections including meningitis and encephalitis. While HHV-8 is not typically associated with neurological diseases, several studies have indicated a relationship, such as secondary central nervous system (CNS) metastases and a few isolated cases of HHV-8 encephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV). However, it has not been previously linked to encephalitis in solid organ transplantation (SOT). This case presents the first-ever instance of HHV-8 encephalitis in a SOT recipient. Our case highlights the association of HHV-8-related diseases, such as post-transplant Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), with encephalitis. The patient was diagnosed with KS before developing neurological symptoms and received a prompt clinical response through intravenous foscarnet and ganciclovir treatment for 14 days. It is important to note that HHV-8 is a rare cause of encephalitis, and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion in the appropriate clinical context, allowing for the use of antiviral therapy. This case also underscores the importance of considering the possibility of HHV-8-related diseases in SOT recipients, as they are at risk of developing such infections.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales , Encefalitis Viral , Ganciclovir , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Humano 8 , Sarcoma de Kaposi , Humanos , Herpesvirus Humano 8/aislamiento & purificación , Sarcoma de Kaposi/virología , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/complicaciones , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Encefalitis Viral/virología , Encefalitis Viral/diagnóstico , Encefalitis Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Ganciclovir/uso terapéutico , Foscarnet/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptores de Trasplantes , Trasplante de Órganos/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) infection. Lymphoma cells are coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 60-80% of cases. Tools allowing a reliable PEL diagnosis are lacking. This study reports PEL diagnosis in 4 patients using a Flow-Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FlowFISH) technique that allowed detection of differentially expressed EBV and HHV8 transcripts within the same sample, revealing viral heterogeneity of the disease. Moreover, infected cells exhibited variable expressions of CD19, CD38, CD40, and CD138. Therefore, FlowFISH is a promising tool to diagnose and characterize complex viral lymphoproliferations.
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Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Herpesvirus Humano 8 , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Linfoma de Efusión Primaria , Humanos , Herpesvirus Humano 8/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 8/aislamiento & purificación , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ/métodos , Linfoma de Efusión Primaria/virología , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 4/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/virología , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/complicaciones , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is considered to be the most common agent of severe diarrhea in cattle worldwide, causing fever, diarrhea, ulcers, and abortion. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is also a major bovine respiratory disease agent that spreads worldwide and causes extensive damage to the livestock industry. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a novel nucleic acid amplification method with the advantages of high efficiency, rapidity and sensitivity, which has been widely used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. A dual RPA assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of BVDV and BoHV-1. The assay was completed at a constant temperature of 37 °C for 30 min. It was highly sensitive and had no cross-reactivity with other common bovine viruses. The detection rate of BVDV RPA in clinical samples (36.67%) was higher than that of PCR (33.33%), the detection rate of BoHV-1 RPA and PCR were equal. Therefore, the established dual RPA assay for BVDV and BoHV-1 could be a potential candidate for use as an immediate diagnostic.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina , Herpesvirus Bovino 1 , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico , Recombinasas , Animales , Bovinos , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/genética , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Recombinasas/metabolismo , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina/genética , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina/aislamiento & purificación , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/virología , Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , ADN Viral/genéticaRESUMEN
In this issue, we established rapid, cost-effective, and simple detection methods including recombines polymerase amplification with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) and real-time RPA for cyprinid herpesvirus 3(CyHV-3), and evaluated their sensitivity, specificity, and applicability, the real-time RPA method could achieve sensitive diagnosis of CyHV-3 within 1.3 copies per reaction, respectively. The real-time RPA method is 10-fold more sensitive than RPA-LFD method. The exact number of CyHV-3 can be calculated in each sample by real-time RPA. The sera from koi also can be tested in these methods. In addition, no cross-reaction was observed with other related pathogens, including carp oedema virus (CEV), spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), cyprinid herpesvirus 1(CyHV-1), cyprinid herpesvirus 2(CyHV-2), type I grass carp reovirus (GCRV-I), type II GCRV (GCRV-II), type III GCRV (GCRV-III), and Aeromonas hydrophila.
Asunto(s)
Carpas , Enfermedades de los Peces , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Animales , Enfermedades de los Peces/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Peces/virología , Herpesviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesviridae/genética , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Carpas/virología , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/veterinaria , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Recombinasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Emerging infectious diseases are a threat that contributes to the decline of global chelonian species. Herpesviruses are among the most impactful pathogens described in chelonians and are frequently associated with a range of presentations across hosts with the potential for severe morbidity and mortality. Trachemys herpesvirus 1 (TrHV1) has been reported in red-eared and yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans and Trachemys scripta scripta, respectively) but is largely understudied. Invasive red-eared sliders may serve as a reservoir for transmission to sympatric native species. This study aimed to develop a sensitive and specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of TrHV1 DNA to aid in the characterization of the epidemiology of this virus in aquatic turtles. Two TaqMan-MGB FAM-dye labeled primer-probe sets were designed and evaluated using plasmid dilutions. The higher performing assay was specific for TrHV1 DNA and had a linear dynamic range of 1.0 × 107 to 1.0 × 101 copies per reaction with an R2 of 0.999, slope of -3.386, and efficiency of 97.39%. The limit of detection was 101 copies per reaction, and there was no loss of reaction efficiency in the presence of TrHV1-negative chelonian oral-cloacal DNA. Overall, the Trachemys herpesvirus 1 assay meets established criteria for acceptable qPCR assays and will be a valuable tool in characterizing the epidemiology of Trachemys herpesvirus 1 in chelonians.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tortugas , Animales , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Tortugas/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Herpesviridae/genética , Herpesviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesviridae/clasificación , ADN Viral/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Cartilla de ADN/genéticaRESUMEN
To compare prevalence of positive PCR tests for herpesviruses between patients with and without a history of clinical corneal endothelial allograft rejection (AGR). Retrospective cross-sectional study with two-group comparison. A total of 307 aqueous humor (AH) samples from 235 Patients and 244 eyes who underwent penetrating keratoplasty or Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty or had a diagnostic AH aspiration due to clinical AGR between 2019 and 2023 were tested for DNA of herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). PCR test results were compared between the two groups (with/without AGR). Another sub-analysis examined the results of patients without a history of herpetic keratitis. A total of 8% of eyes with clinical AGR (9/108) had a positive PCR result for one of the herpesviruses (HSV:3, CMV:3, EBV:2, VZV:1). All patients in the group without AGR had negative PCR results for all previous viruses (0/136). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The sub-analysis of eyes without a history of herpetic keratitis also revealed significantly more positive herpes PCR results (7/87) in eyes with AGR than in eyes without AGR (0/42, p = 0.005). Clinical AGR after keratoplasty shows a significant correlation to viral replication. Herpetic infection and AGR could occur simultaneously and act synergistically. Timely differentiation between active herpetic infection and/or AGR is pivotal for proper treatment and graft preservation.
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Infecciones por Citomegalovirus , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Queratitis Herpética , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Humor Acuoso/química , Rechazo de Injerto/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Simplexvirus/genética , Citomegalovirus/genética , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Herpesvirus Humano 3/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ADN Viral/genética , ADN Viral/análisisRESUMEN
Multiple species of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) have caused fatal hemorrhagic disease in African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants. To date, EEHV7 has been detected only in benign pulmonary and skin nodules and in saliva of African elephants and has not been associated with clinical illness. Low-level viremia due to EEHV7A was detected via qPCR in two subadult African elephants during routine surveillance. Hematologic changes were noted in both elephants, including leukopenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, and band heterophilia. Treatment was initiated with famciclovir, antimicrobials, and rectal fluids, and one elephant received plasma transfusions due to a progressive decrease in platelet count. Both elephants remained asymptomatic throughout the viremias, with rapid resolution of hematologic abnormalities. These cases add to the current understanding of the epidemiology of EEHV in African elephants; to the authors' knowledge, they represent the first documentation of clinical disease due to EEHV7 infection in any elephant.
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Elefantes , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , Humanos , Animales , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Famciclovir/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Viremia/veterinariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The results of disparate clinical studies indicate abnormally frequent cases of certain microorganisms in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, these data require clarification and systematization. The study aims to study the structure of the microbial profile in children with ASD and genetic folate cycle deficiency (GFCD) and consider differences in diagnostic approaches for identifying microorganisms of different types. METHODS: The study analyzed medical data from 240 children (187 boys and 63 girls) with GFCD aged 2 to 9 years. The children had clinical manifestations of ASD (the study group, SG). The control group (CG) included 53 clinically healthy children (37 boys and 16 girls) of the same age but without GFCD. Both groups of children were tested on active herpetic infections (HSV-1/2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8), ТТV, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, Borrelia burgdorferi, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Yersinia enterocolitica, Toxoplasma gondii, congenital CMV neuroinfection and postnatal HSV-1/2 encephalitis. The testing used diagnostic methods specified in PubMed-indexed studies. RESULTS: In the SG, TTV was found in 196 children (82%), HHV-7 - in 172 (72%), HHV-6 - in 162 (68%), EBV - in 153 (64%), Streptococcus pyogenes - in 127 (53%), Candida albicans - in 116 (48%), Borrelia - in 107 (45%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae - in 94 (39%), Chlamydia pneumoniae - in 85 (35%), Yersinia entеrocolitica - in 71 (30%), Toxoplasma gondii - in 54 (23%), congenital CMV neuroinfection - in 26 (11%), and postnatal HSV-1/2 encephalitis - in 11 children (5% of cases) (p < p0.05; Z < Z0.05). In the SG, there was a higher microbial load in older children (p < p0.05; Z < Z0.05). No gender differences were found. CONCLUSIONS: The study described and characterized a specific abnormal microbial spectrum with a predominance of viral opportunistic agents in children with ASD associated with GFCD.
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Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus , Encefalitis , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Humano 6 , Masculino , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/complicaciones , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Herpesvirus Humano 6/genética , Ácido FólicoRESUMEN
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHVs), of which eleven (sub)species are currently distinguished, infect either Asian (Elephas maximus) or African elephants (Loxodonta species). While all adult elephants are latently infected with at least one EEHV (sub)species, young elephants, specifically those with low to non-detectable EEHV-specific antibody levels, may develop fatal hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) upon infection. However, animals with high antibody levels against EEHV(1A) gB, an immunodominant antigen recognized by antibodies elicited against multiple (sub)species, may also occasionally succumb to EEHV-HD. To better define which animals are at risk of EEHV-HD, gB and gH/gL ELISAs were developed for each of the Asian elephant EEHV subspecies and assessed using 396 sera from 164 Asian elephants from European zoos. Antibody levels measured against gB of different (sub)species correlated strongly with one another, suggesting high cross-reactivity. Antibody levels against gH/gL of different subspecies were far less correlated and allowed differentiation between these (sub)species. Importantly, while high gB-specific antibody levels were detected in the sera of several EEHV-HD fatalities, all fatalities (n = 23) had low antibody levels against gH/gL of the subspecies causing disease. Overall, our data indicate that (sub)species-specific gH/gL ELISAs can be used to identify animals at risk of EEHV-HD when infected with a particular EEHV (sub)species.
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Elefantes , Trastornos Hemorrágicos , Herpes Simple , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , Animales , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinariaRESUMEN
Epizootics of Koi herpesvirus (KHV) cause mass mortality in koi carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) worldwide. Rapid and accurate virus detection technology is crucial for preventing pathogen spread and minimizing damage. Although several diagnostic assays have been developed for KHV, the analytical and diagnostic performance of the detection methods has not been evaluated. In this study, we developed and validated the diagnostic performance of two molecular diagnostic assays, cross-priming amplification-based lateral flow assay (CPA-LFA) and TaqMan probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To detect KHV, primers and probe were designed based on the thymidine kinase (TK) genes. The detection limits of developed CPA-LFA and real-time PCR assays were determined to be 675.69 copies/µL and 8.384 copies/µL, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the developed assay were determined using fish samples (n = 179). CPA-LFA was found to be 93.67% and 100%, respectively, and real-time PCR was found to be 100% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, the newly developed CPA-LFA and real-time PCR assays accurately and rapidly detect KHV. CPA-LFA is particularly suitable for point-of-care diagnosis because of its simple diagnostic process, and real-time PCR analysis is most suitable for precise diagnosis because it can detect low viral loads.
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Carpas , Enfermedades de los Peces , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , Animales , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Reactividad Cruzada , Enfermedades de los Peces/diagnóstico , Herpesviridae/genéticaRESUMEN
A 23-year-old domestic donkey (Equus asinus) referred for severe respiratory distress due to suspected equine asthma. Ultrasound of the chest revealed bilateral irregular pulmonary consolidation and pleural effusion. Airway endoscopy and tracheal wash cytology showed severe neutrophilic inflammation and bacterial culture was positive for Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Despite aggressive treatment, the donkey died in 48 hours. On post-mortem examination, the lung was whitish, collapsed, and firm, with fibrotic multifocal nodular areas. Pleural effusion and pleuritis were detected. Histologically, the lung architecture was markedly replaced by interstitial fibrosis. The histological features observed were suggestive of a severe chronic fibrosing interstitial pleuropneumonia with type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia and intralesional syncytial cells. Pulmonary fibrosis was associated with the presence of asinine gammaherpesvirus 2 and 5 infection, confirmed by PCR and sequence analysis. The macroscopic and histological pattern of fibrosis was diffuse and interstitial, and the nodular lesions were consistent with spared lung parenchyma, instead of the canonical nodular distribution of the fibrosis observed in equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis. Asinine herpesviral pulmonary fibrosis is uncommon, but should be considered by clinicians in the list of differentials in donkeys with chronic respiratory signs.
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Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Derrame Pleural , Fibrosis Pulmonar , Trombocitopenia , Caballos , Animales , Equidae , Fibrosis Pulmonar/veterinaria , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/complicaciones , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural/veterinaria , Trombocitopenia/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Real-time PCR is the diagnostic technique of choice for the diagnosis and control of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in an outbreak setting. The presence of EHV-1 in nasal swabs (NS), whole blood, brain and spinal cord samples has been extensively described; however, there are no reports on the excretion of EHV-1 in urine, its DNA detection patterns, and the role of urine in viral spread during an outbreak. OBJECTIVES: To determine the presence of EHV-1 DNA in urine during natural infection and to compare the DNA detection patterns of EHV-1 in urine, buffy coat (BC) and NS. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study of natural infection. METHODS: Urine and whole blood/NS samples were collected at different time points during the hospitalisation of 21 horses involved in two EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy outbreaks in 2021 and 2023 in Spain. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to compare the viral DNA load between BC-urine samples in 2021 and NS-urine samples in 2023. Sex, age, breed, presence of neurological signs, EHV-1 vaccination status and treatment data were recorded for all horses. RESULTS: A total of 18 hospitalised horses during the 2021 and 2023 outbreaks were positive for EHV-1, and viral DNA was detected in urine samples from a total of 11 horses in both outbreaks. Compared with BC samples, DNA presence was detected in urine samples for longer duration and with slightly higher concentration; however, compared with NS, detection of EHV-1 in urine was similar in duration with lower DNA concentrations. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Limited sample size, different sampling times and protocols (BC vs. NS) in two natural infection outbreak settings. CONCLUSIONS: EHV-1 was detected in the urine from naturally infected horses. Urine should be considered as complimentary to blood and NS in diagnosis of EHV-1 infection.
HISTORIAL: PCR en tiempo real es la técnica diagnostica de preferencia para el diagnóstico y control del herpes virus equino1 (EHV1) en una situación de brote. La presencia de EHV1 en torulas nasales (TN), muestras de sangre entera, cerebro, y medula espinal ha sido descrita en forma extensa; sin embargo, no hay informes de excreción de EHV1 en orina, la detección del patrón de ADN, y el rol de la orina en la propagación vírica durante un brote. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la presencia de ADN de EHV1 en muestras de orina durante un brote infeccioso natural y comparar los patrones de detección de ADN de EHV1 en orina, capa leucocitaria (CL) y TN. DISEÑO DEL ESTUDIO: Estudio prospectivo en una infección natural en caballos hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Muestras de orina y sangre entera/TN fueron recolectadas a distintos tiempos durante la hospitalización de veintiún caballos involucrados en dos brotes de mielo encefalopatía por EHV1 en 2021 y 2023 en España. PCR a tiempo real cuantitativo fue llevado a cabo para comparar la carga de ADN viral entre muestras de CLorina en 2021 y muestras TNorina en 2023. Sexo, edad, raza, presencia de síntomas neurológicos, estatus de vacunación y datos de tratamiento fueron anotados para todos los caballos. RESULTADOS: Un total de diez y ocho caballos hospitalizados durante los brotes de 2021 y 2023 resultaron positivos a EHV1, y ADN viral fue detectado en muestras de orina en un total de 11 caballos de ambos brotes. En comparación a muestras de CL, la presencia de AND fue detectado por mas largo tiempo y con una concentración ligeramente mas alta; sin embargo, en comparación a TN, la detección de EHV1 en orina fue similar en tiempo pero demostró menor concentración de ADN. LIMITACIONES PRINCIPALES: Tamaño de muestra limitado, tiempos de muestreo diferentes, y de protocolos (CL vs. TN) en dos situaciones de brotes naturales. CONCLUSIONES: Se detecto EHV1 en orina de caballos infectados naturalmente. La recolección, no invasive, de orina debería considerarse como un complemento a las muestras de sangre y TN en el control de caballos infectados en situaciones de brote.
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Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Équido 1 , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Caballos/genética , Animales , Herpesvirus Équido 1/genética , ADN Viral/genética , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Herpesviruses are medium-sized double-stranded DNA viruses. Of more than 80 herpesviruses identified, only 9 human herpesviruses have been found to cause infection in humans. These include herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human cyto-megalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus (HHV-6A, HHV-6B, HHV-7, HHV-8). HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV can be problematic given their characteristic neurotropism which is the ability to invade via fusion of its plasma membrane and reside within neural tissue. HSV and VZV primarily infect mucocutaneous surfaces and remain latent in the dorsal root ganglia for a host's entire life. Reactivation causes either asymptomatic shedding of virus or clinical manifestation of vesicular lesions. The clinical presentation is influenced by the portal of entry, the immune status of the host, and whether the infection is primary or recurrent. Affecting 60% to 95% of adults, herpesvirus-associated infections include gingivostomatitis, orofacial and genital herpes,and primary varicella and herpes zoster. Symptomatology, treatment, and potential complications vary based on primary and recurrent infections as well as the patient's immune status.
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Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr , Herpes Simple , Herpes Zóster , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Humano 6 , Humanos , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/diagnóstico , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Herpesvirus Humano 3/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 6/genéticaRESUMEN
Long-term risk for malignancy is higher among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients compared to the general population. Four non-hepatitis viruses have been recognized as oncogenic in SOT recipients-EBV, cause of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases; human herpes virus 8 (HHV8), cause of Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease; human papilloma virus, cause of squamous cell skin cancers, and Merkel cell polyomavirus, cause of Merkel cell carcinoma. Two of these viruses (EBV and HHV8) belong to the human herpes virus family. In this review, we will discuss key aspects regarding the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases in SOT recipients associated with the two herpesviruses.
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Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr , Gammaherpesvirinae , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Humano 8 , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos , Trasplante de Órganos , Humanos , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/complicaciones , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/etiología , Trasplante de Órganos/efectos adversos , Receptores de TrasplantesRESUMEN
Lung transplantation is an ultimate treatment option for some end-stage lung diseases; due to the intense immunosuppression needed to reduce the risk of developing acute and chronic allograft failure, infectious complications are highly incident. Viral infections represent nearly 30% of all infectious complications, with herpes viruses playing an important role in the development of acute and chronic diseases. Among them, cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, being associated with an increased risk of chronic lung allograft failure. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with transformation of infected B cells with the development of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs). Similarly, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus and human herpesviruses 6 and 7 can also be responsible for acute manifestations in lung transplant patients. During these last years, new, highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests have been developed, and preventive and prophylactic strategies have been studied aiming to reduce and prevent the incidence of these viral infections. In this narrative review, we explore epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment options for more frequent herpes virus infections in lung transplant patients.
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Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr , Herpes Zóster , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Trasplante de Pulmón , Humanos , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/prevención & control , Trasplante de Pulmón/efectos adversos , Herpesvirus Humano 3 , Simplexvirus , Herpes Zóster/complicacionesRESUMEN
Herpes B virus (BV) is a zoonotic virus which can be transmitted from macaques to humans, which is often associated with high mortality rates. Because macaques often exhibit asymptomatic infections, individuals who come into contact with these animals face unexpected risks of BV infections. A serological test is widely performed to investigate BV infections. However, the assay's sensitivity and specificity appeared to be inadequate, and it does not necessarily indicate ongoing viral shedding. Here, we developed LAMP and qPCR assays aiming to detect BVs with a high sensitivity and specificity in various macaque species and validated them using oral swab samples collected from 97 wild cynomolgus macaques living in Thailand. Our LAMP and qPCR assays detected more than 50 and 10 copies of the target sequences per reaction, respectively. The LAMP assay could detect BV within 25 min, indicating its advantages for the rapid detection of BV. Collectively, our findings indicated that both assays developed in this study exhibit advantages and usefulness for BV surveillance and the diagnosis of BV infections in macaques. Furthermore, for the first time, we determined the partial genome sequences of BVs detected in cynomolgus macaques in Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the species-specific evolution of BV within macaques.
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Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Cercopitecino 1 , Humanos , Animales , Herpesvirus Cercopitecino 1/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Filogenia , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Macaca fascicularisRESUMEN
This case report describes the occurrence of canine herpesvirus 1 in a litter of French bulldogs. In addition, the literature dealing with CHV-1 in puppies is summarized. Two puppies were presented due to dyspnea. During the night, one of them developed diarrhea as well as a highly disturbed general condition and was subsequently euthanized the following day. The second puppy was euthanized 6 hours later with a highly disturbed general condition. Necropsy revealed evidence of canine herpesvirus infection. This was confirmed by a virological examination. The presented case report shows that canine herpesvirus infection must also be considered as a cause of death in newborn puppies in Germany.