Use of new-media health information among the elderly and its effect on their health and health management.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study to explore the use of new-media health information and its influence on their health and health management. METHODS: A total of 208 elderly people in Qiqihar City were selected as the survey objects, and a questionnaire was used to investigate their access to health information through new-media platforms. We analyze the factors ( e.g., education、pre-retirement occupation, etc.) in the use of health information on new-media platforms. RESULTS: Monthly income, educational level, pre-retirement occupation and attention of the new-media of the elderly had significant effects on health information acquisition (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of new-media health information among the elderly was diversified and had an impact on their health management. We should standardize the management of new-media health information dissemination platforms and publicize the use of new-media health information in a targeted way, to improve the self-health management of the elderly and reduce their burden on the national medical system.

The Mediating Role of Students' Health Information Literacy Skills: Exploring the Relationship Between Web Resource Utilization and Health Information Evaluation Proficiency.

BACKGROUND: In an increasingly digital age, students rely heavily on web resources to access health information. However, evaluating the reliability and relevance of such information is crucial for informed decision-making. This study examines the importance of students' health information literacy skills (HILS) as mediators, particularly their ability to utilize web resources and successfully evaluate health information. OBJECTIVES: This research investigates the mediating role of students' HILS in the relationship between their utilization of web resources and their proficiency in evaluating health information. METHOD: An online survey was distributed to current students at a public university in Bangladesh as part of the data collection process for this study. Using Google Forms, the authors created a structured questionnaire. The survey was distributed through Messenger groups, Facebook pages and email invitations to reach the target audience effectively. The researchers thoroughly analysed the gathered data using structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques and SmartPLS-4 software to look for correlations between the variables. RESULT: The study revealed that among the 122 participants, a significant number (N = 47) accessed internet health information on an occasional basis, whereas 30 individuals reported using it infrequently. The data revealed that 58 individuals, accounting for 47.5% of the sample, possessed the necessary abilities to access and assess online health information. Additionally, 57 participants, representing 46.7% of the sample, demonstrated proficiency in conducting online health information searches. The measurement model demonstrated good convergent validity, as evidenced by composite reliability (CR) scores and Cronbach's ⍺ values over 0.700 and an average extracted variance (AVE) of 0.500. The structural model demonstrated R2 values exceeding 0.1, thus validating its dependable forecasting capability. Notable effects were seen, with f2 values of 0.335 and 0.317 for the challenges in accessing and evaluating health information (CAEHI) to health information evaluation (HIE) and CAEHI to HILS relationships, respectively. The mediation analysis found that HILS act as a mediator between types of web resources (TWRs) and HIE, with TWR having an indirect impact on HIE through HILS. DISCUSSION: The result supports all hypotheses. Therefore, it is evident that students' HILS mediate the relationship between utilization of web resources and their proficiency in evaluating health information. CONCLUSION: This study's findings could significantly impact instructional practices meant to raise students' health information literacy. This initiative seeks to enable students to make informed decisions about their health by providing them with the necessary tools to analyse and evaluate health-related information. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Research on health information literacy can assist patients and the general public by instructing them on how to assess trustworthy online health resources. Students gave insightful feedback that assisted in shaping the study and guaranteeing its relevancy. If they better comprehend health information literacy, patients and the general public can use web-based resources and critically evaluate health information more accurately.

Patient education in the digital age: An analysis of quality and readability of online information on rhinoplasty.

This study aimed to investigate quality and readability of online rhinoplasty information provided on Turkish websites. We searched for the terms "rhinoplasty" (rinoplasti) and "nose job" (burun estetigi) in Turkish using the Google search engine in May 2023. The first 30 sites for each term were included in the evaluation. We used the DISCERN tool to evaluate quality and the Atesman and Cetinkaya-Uzun formulas to assess readability. According to the Atesman formula, the readability scores of all the websites were moderately difficult. According to the Cetinkaya-Uzun formula, the readability scores of websites were at the instructional reading level. The mean total DISCERN score was 2.33 ±â€…0.60, indicating poor quality. No statistically significant correlations were found between the Atesman or Cetinkaya-Uzun readability scores and the DISCERN scores across all websites (P > .05). Our analysis revealed key areas in which Turkish websites can improve the quality and readability of rhinoplasty information to support decision-making.

Evaluation of treatment information quality on hypertension and diabetes on WeChat and TikTok: A cross-sectional content analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the quality of the information in WeChat and TikTok videos related to hypertension and diabetes treatment. Methods: A sample of 120 Chinese videos was collected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality was evaluated using DISCERN, JAMA and the latest edition of Chinese guidelines for hypertension and diabetes prevention and treatment, and two observers independently scored each video using the three assessment tools. Results: Among all 120 videos, only 10 scored above 38 points in DISCERN, with 45 videos rated as "very poor". None of the video met all JAMA criteria simultaneously, and there were gaps in accuracy and completeness compared to the two guidelines. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between information quality and the number of likes and comments. Conclusion: The current quality of information on the treatment of hypertension and diabetes on WeChat and TikTok was unsatisfactory. Consequently, the government should strengthen oversight of information quality, and social media platforms should actively review health-related content to prevent inaccurate information dissemination. Individuals should enhance their digital and health literacy.

Differences in Fear and Negativity Levels Between Formal and Informal Health-Related Websites: Analysis of Sentiments and Emotions.

BACKGROUND: Searching for web-based health-related information is frequently performed by the public and may affect public behavior regarding health decision-making. Particularly, it may result in anxiety, erroneous, and harmful self-diagnosis. Most searched health-related topics are cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. A health-related web-based search may result in either formal or informal medical website, both of which may evoke feelings of fear and negativity. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to assess whether there is a difference in fear and negativity levels between information appearing on formal and informal health-related websites. METHODS: A web search was performed to retrieve the contents of websites containing symptoms of selected diseases, using selected common symptoms. Retrieved websites were classified into formal and informal websites. Fear and negativity of each content were evaluated using 3 transformer models. A fourth transformer model was fine-tuned using an existing emotion data set obtained from a web-based health community. For formal and informal websites, fear and negativity levels were aggregated. t tests were conducted to evaluate the differences in fear and negativity levels between formal and informal websites. RESULTS: In this study, unique websites (N=1448) were collected, of which 534 were considered formal and 914 were considered informal. There were 1820 result pages from formal websites and 1494 result pages from informal websites. According to our findings, fear levels were statistically higher (t2753=3.331; P<.001) on formal websites (mean 0.388, SD 0.177) than on informal websites (mean 0.366, SD 0.168). The results also show that the level of negativity was statistically higher (t2753=2.726; P=.006) on formal websites (mean 0.657, SD 0.211) than on informal websites (mean 0.636, SD 0.201). CONCLUSIONS: Positive texts may increase the credibility of formal health websites and increase their usage by the general public and the public's compliance to the recommendations. Increasing the usage of natural language processing tools before publishing health-related information to achieve a more positive and less stressful text to be disseminated to the public is recommended.

Comparison of factors affecting Turkish citizens' search for online health information before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Health information consumers can acquire knowledge regarding health problems, combat health problems, make health-related decisions, and change their behaviour by conducting health information searches. This study aims to identify the sociodemographic and economic factors affecting individuals' search for health information on the internet before and during COVID-19. METHODS: In this study, micro data sets of the Household Information Technologies (IT) Usage Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute in 2018 and 2021 were used. The binary logistic regression analysis was also used in the study. RESULTS: It was determined that age, gender, education level, occupation, social media use, searching for information about goods and services, internet banking use, e-government use, having a desktop computer, having a tablet computer, and region variables were associated with the status of searching for health information on the internet during the COVID-19 period. CONCLUSION: The main reasons for the increase in health information searches during the COVID-19 epidemic can be attributed to several key factors, such as society's need for information and meeting its need for information, access to up-to-date health data and increased trust in official sources. The study's findings serve as a valuable resource for health service providers and information sources attempting to identify the health information-seeking behaviour of the public and to meet their needs in this context.

Kentucky Public Librarians and Health Information: Experiences, Resource Use, Community Needs, and Roles for Academic Health Sciences Librarians.

Public libraries serve as sources of health information, and partnerships between public and academic health sciences libraries may improve a community's access to and understanding of health information. Librarians at a medical school in Kentucky conducted interviews with public librarians to better understand their experiences with health information with the goal of informing future outreach to public libraries. All participants reported receiving requests for health-related information at least occasionally. Most participants used books to answer health questions, although a wide range of electronic resources were also used. Implications for academic health sciences librarians are discussed.

eHealth Literacy and Web-Based Health Information-Seeking Behaviors on COVID-19 in Japan: Internet-Based Mixed Methods Study.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, much misinformation and disinformation emerged and spread rapidly via the internet, posing a severe public health challenge. While the need for eHealth literacy (eHL) has been emphasized, few studies have compared the difficulties involved in seeking and using COVID-19 information between adult internet users with low or high eHL. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the association between eHL and web-based health information-seeking behaviors among adult Japanese internet users. Moreover, this study qualitatively shed light on the difficulties encountered in seeking and using this information and examined its relationship with eHL. METHODS: This cross-sectional internet-based survey (October 2021) collected data from 6000 adult internet users who were equally divided into sample groups by gender, age, and income. We used the Japanese version of the eHL Scale (eHEALS). We also used a Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic to assess eHL after we translated it to Japanese. Web-based health information-seeking behaviors were assessed by using a 10-item list of web sources and evaluating 10 topics participants searched for regarding COVID-19. Sociodemographic and other factors (eg, health-related behavior) were selected as covariates. Furthermore, we qualitatively explored the difficulties in information seeking and using. The descriptive contents of the responses regarding difficulties in seeking and using COVID-19 information were analyzed using an inductive qualitative content analysis approach. RESULTS: Participants with high eHEALS and DHLI scores on information searching, adding self-generated information, evaluating reliability, determining relevance, and operational skills were more likely to use all web sources of information about COVID-19 than those with low scores. However, there were negative associations between navigation skills and privacy protection scores when using several information sources, such as YouTube (Google LLC), to search for COVID-19 information. While half of the participants reported no difficulty seeking and using COVID-19 information, participants who reported any difficulties, including information discernment, incomprehensible information, information overload, and disinformation, had lower DHLI score. Participants expressed significant concerns regarding "information quality and credibility," "abundance and shortage of relevant information," "public trust and skepticism," and "credibility of COVID-19-related information." Additionally, they disclosed more specific concerns, including "privacy and security concerns," "information retrieval challenges," "anxieties and panic," and "movement restriction." CONCLUSIONS: Although Japanese internet users with higher eHEALS and total DHLI scores were more actively using various web sources for COVID-19 information, those with high navigation skills and privacy protection used web-based information about COVID-19 cautiously compared with those with lower proficiency. The study also highlighted an increased need for information discernment when using social networking sites in the "Health 2.0" era. The identified categories and themes from the qualitative content analysis, such as "information quality and credibility," suggest a framework for addressing the myriad challenges anticipated in future infodemics.

Quality Assessment of Internet Information Regarding Periodontitis in Persons Living with HIV.

The Internet is the most used source of HIV information second to information received from healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of Internet information about periodontitis in people living with HIV (PLWH). An Internet search was performed on 18 April 2024 using the search terms "Periodontitis", "Periodontal disease", and "Gum disease" in combination with "HIV" in the most popular search engines (Google™, Bing™, and YAHOO!®). The first 20 results from each search term engine were pooled for analysis. Quality was assessed by JAMA benchmarks. Readability was assessed using the Flesch reading ease score (FRES). Origin of the site, type of author, and information details were also recorded. The quality of Internet information about periodontitis in PLWH varied. The mean JAMA score was 2.81 (SD = 1.0). The websites were generally fairly difficult to read (mean FRES = 57.1, SD = 15.0). Most websites provided some advice about self-treatment of oral problems, accompanied by a strong recommendation to seek professional dental care. In conclusion, advanced reading skills on periodontitis in PLWH were required and quality features were mostly not provided. Therefore, healthcare professionals should be actively involved in developing high-quality information resources and direct patients to evidence-based materials on the Internet.

Readability and Information Quality in Cancer Information From a Free vs Paid Chatbot.

Importance: The mainstream use of chatbots requires a thorough investigation of their readability and quality of information. Objective: To identify readability and quality differences in information between a free and paywalled chatbot cancer-related responses, and to explore if more precise prompting can mitigate any observed differences. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study compared readability and information quality of a chatbot's free vs paywalled responses with Google Trends' top 5 search queries associated with breast, lung, prostate, colorectal, and skin cancers from January 1, 2021, to January 1, 2023. Data were extracted from the search tracker, and responses were produced by free and paywalled ChatGPT. Data were analyzed from December 20, 2023, to January 15, 2024. Exposures: Free vs paywalled chatbot outputs with and without prompt: "Explain the following at a sixth grade reading level: [nonprompted input]." Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome measured the readability of a chatbot's responses using Flesch Reading Ease scores (0 [graduate reading level] to 100 [easy fifth grade reading level]). Secondary outcomes included assessing consumer health information quality with the validated DISCERN instrument (overall score from 1 [low quality] to 5 [high quality]) for each response. Scores were compared between the 2 chatbot models with and without prompting. Results: This study evaluated 100 chatbot responses. Nonprompted free chatbot responses had lower readability (median [IQR] Flesh Reading ease scores, 52.60 [44.54-61.46]) than nonprompted paywalled chatbot responses (62.48 [54.83-68.40]) (P < .05). However, prompting the free chatbot to reword responses at a sixth grade reading level was associated with increased reading ease scores than the paywalled chatbot nonprompted responses (median [IQR], 71.55 [68.20-78.99]) (P < .001). Prompting was associated with increases in reading ease in both free (median [IQR], 71.55 [68.20-78.99]; P < .001)and paywalled versions (median [IQR], 75.64 [70.53-81.12]; P < .001). There was no significant difference in overall DISCERN scores between the chatbot models, with and without prompting. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study, paying for the chatbot was found to provide easier-to-read responses, but prompting the free version of the chatbot was associated with increased response readability without changing information quality. Educating the public on how to prompt chatbots may help promote equitable access to health information.

Web scraping of user-simulated online nutrition information for people with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: People diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) often seek to modify their diet guided by online advice, however this advice may not align with national dietary guidelines. The aim of this study was to simulate an online search for dietary advice conducted by a person with MS and evaluate the content. It was hypothesised that a variety of eating patterns are promoted for MS online and these dietary approaches can be contradictory. METHODS: An online search was simulated using Google Trends-informed search terms and Google and Bing search engines. URLs were extracted using R. Nutrition data were extracted including recommendations for diets, foods, supplements, and health professional consultation. Statistical analyses were conducted using R. RESULTS: 73 URLs from 49 websites were extracted, with only 14 results common to both search engines. Dietary recommendations included overall eating patterns (58 webpages, 79%), individual foods (55 webpages, 75%), and supplements (33 webpages, 45%). The most promoted eating pattern for MS was a balanced diet (33 recommendations, 48%), more likely by nonprofit organisations and health information websites (14 and 17 recommendations, 100% and 89%); lifestyle program websites were more likely to recommend restrictive diets (19 recommendations, 100%) (p<0.001). 52% pages advised consulting a health professional, most often a doctor or dietitian. CONCLUSION: A balanced diet is the most recommended eating pattern for MS online, though advice promoting restrictive diets persists.

Assessing the readability and quality of online patient information for laser tattooremoval.

Just as tattoos continue to increase in popularity, many people with tattoos also seek removal, often due to career concerns. Prospective clients interested in laser tattoo removal may do research about the procedure online, as the internet increasingly becomes a resource to get preliminary health information. However, it is important that the online health information on the topic be of high quality and be accessible to all patients. We analyzed 77 websites from a Google search query using the terms "Laser tattoo removal patient Information" and "Laser tattoo removal patient Instructions" to assess this. The websites were evaluated for their readability using multiple validated indices and comprehensiveness. We found that websites had a broad readability range, from elementary to college, though most were above the recommended eighth-grade reading level. Less than half of the websites adequately discussed the increased risk of pigmentary complications in the skin of color clients or emphasized the importance of consulting with a board-certified dermatologist/plastic surgeon before the procedure. Over 90% of the websites noted that multiple laser treatments are likely needed for complete clearance of tattoos. The findings from our study underscore a significant gap in the accessibility and quality of online information for patients considering laser tattoo removal, particularly in addressing specific risks for patients with darker skin tones and emphasizing the need for consulting a board-certified physician before undergoing the procedure. It is important that online resources for laser tattoo removal be appropriately written to allow better decision-making, expectations, and future satisfaction for potential clients interested in the procedure.

Utilizing Digital Twin to Create Personas Representing Ovarian Cancer Patients and Their Families.

OvCa patients and caregivers perceived challenges in online health information seeking. The HELPeR recommendation system utilized digital twins to create personas reflecting real-world OvCa patients and caregivers. The aim of this study was to describe the creation of digital twins and demonstrate their use cases in the study. Digital twins of OvCa patients and caregivers were created by triangulating multiple sources, including online cancer forums, direct interviews with patients and caregivers, domain expert input, and clinical notes. 10 personas were created for both OvCa patients and caregivers who had a variety of cancer trajectories and information interests. These digital twins present a potential solution for training artificial intelligence models at the initial phase when there is a scarcity of user information.

YouTube videos on lymphedema as an information source for Spanish speaking breast cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer-related lymphedema in the upper limb remains one of the most distressful complications of breast cancer treatment. YouTube is considered a potential digital resource for population health and decision making. However, access to inadequate information or misinformation could have undesirable impacts. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the reliability, quality and content of YouTube videos on lymphedema as an information source for Spanish-speaking breast cancer survivors. METHODS: A search of YouTube was conducted in January 2023 using the key words "breast cancer lymphedema" and "lymphedema arm breast cancer." Reliability and quality of the videos were evaluated using the Discern tool, content, source of production, number of likes, comments, views, duration, Video Power Index, likes ratio, view ratio and age on the platform. RESULTS: Amongst the 300 Spanish language videos identified on YouTube, 35 were selected for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 35 selected videos, 82.9% (n = 29) were developed by healthcare or academic professionals and 17.1% (n = 9) by others. Reliability (p < 0.017) and quality (p < 0.03) were higher in the videos made by professionals. The Discern total score (r = 0.476; p = 0.004), reliability (r = 0.472; p = 0.004) and quality (r = 0.469; p = 0.004) were positively correlated with the duration of the videos. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide a strong rationale for educating breast cancer survivors seeking lymphedema information to select videos made by healthcare or academic professionals. Standardised evaluation prior to video publication is needed to ensure that the end-users receive accurate and quality information from YouTube.

Quality and readability of online information and materials on post-surgery breast seroma.

Aims/Background Seroma formation is the most common complication following breast surgery. However, there is little evidence on the readability of online patient education materials on this issue. This study aimed to assess the accessibility and readability of the relevant online information. Methods This systematic review of the literature identified 37 relevant websites for further analysis. The readability of each online article was assessed through using a range of readability formulae. Results The average Flesch-Reading Ease score for all patient education materials was 53.9 (± 21.9) and the average Flesch-Kincaid reading grade level was 7.32 (± 3.1), suggesting they were 'fairly difficult' to read and is higher than the recommended reading level. Conclusion Online patient education materials regarding post-surgery breast seroma are at a higher-than-recommended reading grade level for the public. Improvement would allow all patients, regardless of literacy level, to access such resources to aid decision-making around undergoing breast surgery.

Quality and Readability of Online Health Information on Common Urologic Cancers: Assessing Barriers to Health Literacy in Urologic Oncology.

INTRODUCTION: A growing number of Americans search online for health information related to urologic oncologic care each year. The American Medical Association recommends that medical information be written at a maximum sixth-grade level in order to be comprehensible by the majority of patients. As such, it is important to assess the quality and readability of online patient education material that patients are being exposed to. METHODS: A Google search was performed using the terms "testicular cancer," "prostate cancer," "kidney cancer," and "bladder cancer," and the top 30 results for each were reviewed. Websites were categorized based on their source. Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, the Gunning Frequency of Gobbledygook, and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook indices. Quality was assessed using the DISCERN Quality Index (1-5 scale). RESULTS: A total of 91 websites were included in our analysis. On average, online health information pertaining to urologic cancers is written at a 10th- to 11th-grade reading level, which is significantly higher than that of an average American adult and that recommended by the American Medical Association (P < .01). The overall quality of websites was 3.4 ± 0.7, representing moderate to high quality. There was no significant difference in readability based on cancer type or information source. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being of moderate to high quality, online patient education materials related to common urologic cancers are often written at a grade level that exceeds the reading level of an average American adult. This presents as a barrier to online health literacy and calls into question the utility of these resources.

Is YouTube a Useful Source of Information on Pressure Injuries? A Content, Reliability, and Quality Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the comprehensiveness, reliability, and quality of YouTube videos related to pressure injuries. METHODS: The authors searched YouTube for relevant videos using the keywords "pressure injury", "pressure ulcer", "bedsore", "pressure injury etiology", "pressure injury classification", "pressure injury prevention", "pressure injury risk assessment", and "pressure injury management". Of the 1,023 videos screened, 269 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. For each video, the authors recorded the number of views, likes, and comments; the length; and the video upload source. The Comprehensiveness Assessment Tool for Pressure Injuries, the Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information score, and the Global Quality Score were used to evaluate the comprehensiveness, reliability, and quality of the videos. RESULTS: The mean length of the 269 videos was 6.22 ± 4.62 minutes (range, 0.18-19.47 minutes). Only 14.5% of the videos (n = 39) were uploaded by universities or professional organizations. Most videos included information about PI prevention (69.5%), followed by PI management (27.9%). The mean comprehensiveness score was 2.33 ± 1.32 (range, 1-5). Nearly half of the videos (49.1%) were not reliable. However, the quality of 43.9% of the videos was somewhat useful. The Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information mean scores of universities/professional organizations (P < .001), nonprofit healthcare professionals (P = .015), and independent health information channel videos (P = .026) were higher than the mean score of medical advertising/profit companies channel videos. CONCLUSIONS: This study draws attention to the need for more comprehensive, high-quality, and reliable videos about PIs. It is important that videos on YouTube provide comprehensive and reliable information for patients, caregivers, students, or providers seeking information on PI prevention, assessment, and management.

YouTube/ Bilibili/ TikTok videos as sources of medical information on laryngeal carcinoma: cross-sectional content analysis study.

BACKGROUND: YouTube, a widely recognized global video platform, is inaccessible in China, whereas Bilibili and TikTok are popular platforms for long and short videos, respectively. There are many videos related to laryngeal carcinoma on these platforms. This study aims to identify upload sources, contents, and feature information of these videos on YouTube, Bilibili, and TikTok, and further evaluate the video quality. METHODS: On January 1, 2024, we searched the top 100 videos by default sort order (300 videos in total) with the terms "laryngeal carcinoma" and "throat cancer" on YouTube, "" on Bilibili and TikTok. Videos were screened for relevance and similarity. Video characteristics were documented, and quality was assessed by using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI), Global Quality Score (GQS), and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN). RESULTS: The analysis included 99 YouTube videos, 76 from Bilibili, and 73 from TikTok. Median video lengths were 193 s (YouTube), 136 s (Bilibili), and 42 s (TikTok). TikTok videos demonstrated higher audience interaction. Bilibili had the lowest ratio of original contents (69.7%). Treatment was the most popular topic on YouTube and Bilibili, while that was the prognosis on TikTok. Solo narration was the most common video style across all platforms. Video uploaders were predominantly non-profit organizations (YouTube), self-media (Bilibili), and doctors (TikTok), with TikTok authors having the highest certification rate (83.3%). Video quality, assessed using PEMAT, VIQI, GQS, and mDISCERN, varied across platforms, with YouTube generally showing the highest scores. Videos from professional authors performed better than videos from non-professionals based on the GQS and mDISCERN scores. Spearman correlation analysis showed no strong relationships between the video quality and the audience interaction. CONCLUSIONS: Videos on social media platforms can help the public learn about the knowledge of laryngeal cancer to some extent. TikTok achieves the best flow, but videos on YouTube are of the best quality. However, the video quality across all platforms still needs enhancement. We need more professional uploaders to ameliorate the video quality related to laryngeal carcinoma. Content creators also should be aware of the certification, the originality, and the style of video shooting. As for the platforms, refining the algorithm will allow users to receive more high-quality videos.

Coproducing Health Information Materials With Young People: Reflections and Lessons Learned.

BACKGROUND: This paper describes and critically reflects on how children and young people (CYP) acted as public advisors to coproduce health information materials about Long Covid for younger audiences. This work was underpinned by the Lundy model, a framework which provides guidance on facilitating CYP to actively contribute to matters which affect them. METHODS: Coproduction activity sessions took place with CYP in schools as well as video conferences with a CYP stakeholder group and CYP with Long Covid. Activities encouraged CYP to focus on the content, format, and design of materials and used problem-based and collaborative learning to encourage engagement with the project. Using a range of methods and open discussion, CYP codesigned a series of Long Covid health information materials for younger audiences. RESULTS: Sixty-six CYP (aged 10-18), and two young adults were involved. CYP codesigned specifications for the final materials and provided feedback on early designs. The project led to the development of a series of health information materials targeted at CYP: a short social media campaign with six short videos and a 12-page illustrated leaflet about Long Covid; released on social media and distributed in local area. All the CYP were positive about the project and their involvement. DISCUSSION: Involving CYP led to the development of innovative and engaging information materials (influence). Developing rapport was important when working with CYP and this was facilitated by using approaches and activities to establish an environment (space) where the CYP felt comfortable sharing their views (voice) and being listened to (audience) by the adults in the project. Working with external groups who are willing to share their expertise can help the meaningful involvement of voices 'less heard'. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: One CYP coapplicant contributed to the project design and facilitation of PPIE sessions, 64 CYP were involved in the PPIE sessions to design and feedback on materials. Two young adult media producers worked with CYP to produce these materials, another CYP supported this process. Three public contributors were involved in the preparation of this manuscript.

Engaging the Next Generation in Communication to Address Information Quality.

Information disorder can have adverse consequences on health. While there has been growing attention to health information quality among the general population, there has been less focus on the young adult age group and how their insights and ideas can help to explore the effects and potential interventions to address information quality. Since certain information consumption habits and effects vary among young people, their perspective can provide valuable insights for tackling the increasing issue of misinformation. This Perspective examines past youth involvement efforts to suggest ways to incorporate the youth perspective into improving the quality of health information, particularly through engagement strategies aimed at combating misinformation traits. We then propose a set of five recommendations to advance research to address information disorder, researchers can consider the following steps to engage youth.