Congenital crico-thyroid dysplasia: a comprehensive description.

INTRODUCTION: We describe a first case of human congenital crico-thyroid dysplasia associated to a right sided aortic arch and an aberrant subclavian artery. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient presented with a two-weeks history of acute dyspnea, and reported hoarseness since his childhood. An urgent tracheotomy was performed, followed by direct laryngoscopy. Endoscopic examination showed a deviation of the dorsoventral axis of the larynx, with an obstructive submucosal swelling the area of the right false cord and aryepiglottic fold. Computed tomography conducted the following day confirmed the crico-thyroid dysplasia, an infected laryngocele, and the presence of a right sided aortic arch and an aberrant subclavian artery. CONCLUSION: The embryological basis of these anomalies is attributed to congenital defects of the development of the fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches. To our knowledge, the congenital crico-thyroid dysplasia has not been previously reported in human. This case underscores the importance of recognizing anatomical variations in laryngeal cartilages, understanding their embryological origins, and potential associated malformations.

Undiagnosed laryngocele: an airway emergency.

Laryngoceles are rare dilated laryngeal saccules that can present as acute airway obstruction and lead to airway emergencies. A man, presented to the emergency room, with difficulty in breathing and change in voice. An unevaluated pulsatile swelling was present on the left side of neck. Since, the patient was in stridor, an awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB)-guided intubation was planned with readiness for emergency tracheostomy, if needed. On FOB, an edematous supraglottic area with a narrowed glottic opening was observed. The procedure was abandoned and a surgical tracheostomy was performed to secure the airway. Postoperative contrast-enhanced CT neck revealed a huge laryngocele in left cervical region. We recommend that a high index of suspicion for presence of laryngocele should be kept in mind when a patient presents with stridor with pulsatile neck swelling. Timely aspiration of laryngocele may help in amelioration of the respiratory distress avoiding emergency tracheostomy.

Mixed laryngocele mimicking thyroid nodule.

Laryngocele is defined as a dilation of the laryngeal saccule forming an air sac. Some differential diagnoses for laryngocele have been reported. The aim of the present paper was to describe a case of a patient referred for the evaluation a suspected thyroid nodule that was subsequently diagnosed as a mixed laryngocele. A 31-year-old male with no clinical manifestations was referred by an endocrinologist to undergo Doppler ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy due to a preliminary ultrasonographic diagnosis of a nodule apparently in the thyroid. The diagnosis of laryngocele was raised considering the cytopathological analysis and imaging exam. Computed tomography of the neck confirmed this hypothesis. The patient was counseled to consult a surgeon, but, up to the end of this report, continued asymptomatic and in follow-up. We report a mixed laryngocele with different clinical behavior, showing that laryngocele may appear to be another entity and drawing the attention of clinicians to imaging similarities.

[Surgical treatment of laryngocele]. / Laryngokeleeseteink mutéti megoldásai.

Laryngocele is a unilateral or bilateral dilation of the saccule or appendix of the laryngeal ventricle. It is a benign lesion, often without any specific symptom, diagnosed unintentionally, but it can cause life-threatening airway obstruction, needing emergency tracheotomy. The authors present three cases of laryngocele and the related surgical methods. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(31): 1235-1240.

Symptomatic head and neck lipomas.

INTRODUCTION: Lipomas are very common benign lumps that could be encountered in any part of the body but with limited proportion being present in the head and neck region. CASE SUMMARY: In this article, three different cases of symptomatic cervical lipomas were illustrated, with their different diagnostic as well as therapeutic approaches and will be discussed in light of medical literature. DISCUSSION: These cervical tumors tend to grow slowly giving variable signs that include dysphagia, dyspnea, dysphonia due to the mass effect of surrounding structures or can be present as simple as a cosmetic concern. Clinicians must bear in mind the malignant transformation of lipomas, which can be challenging to diagnose. With this article, authors will try to highlight the importance of maintaining a good communication between surgeons, pathologists and radiologists as an essential part of the medical management.

Initial experience with image-guided surgical navigation in transoral surgery.

BACKGROUND: Surgical navigation using image guidance may improve the safety and efficacy of transoral surgery (TOS); however, preoperative imaging cannot be accurately registered to the intraoperative state due to deformations resulting from placement of the laryngoscope or retractor. This proof of concept study explores feasibility and registration accuracy of surgical navigation for TOS by utilizing intraoperative imaging. METHODS: Four patients undergoing TOS were recruited. Suspension laryngoscopy was performed with a CT-compatible laryngoscope. An intraoperative contrast enhanced CT scan was obtained and registered to fiducials placed on the neck, face, and laryngoscope. RESULTS: All patients were successfully scanned and registered. Registration accuracy within the pharynx and larynx was 1 mm or less. Target registration was confirmed by localizing endoscopic and surface structures to the CT images. Successful tracking was performed in all 4 patients. CONCLUSION: For surgical navigation during TOS, although a high level of registration accuracy can be achieved by utilizing intraoperative imaging, significant limitations of the existing technology have been identified. These limitations, as well as areas for future investigation, are discussed.

Laryngopyocoele with contralateral laryngocoele: a rare cause of respiratory distress.

We present the case of a 76-year-old patient who attended our emergency department with signs of sepsis and severe respiratory distress. She had stridor, type 1 respiratory failure and a left-sided neck swelling. On CT, it was initially misdiagnosed as parapharyngeal abscess. When the imaging was reviewed, it was found to be a left-sided mixed laryngopyocoele obstructing the larynx with an asymptomatic contralateral laryngocoele. The internal component of the left laryngopyocoele was excised through a microlaryngoscopy approach while the external component was approached through a transcervical incision. The patient recovered well despite a postoperative myocardial infarction. Both laryngocoeles and laryngopyocoeles are rare, with the latter being the rarer of the two, however, extensive literature review could not identify any previous cases where both have coexisted in the same patient.

Laryngopyocele: A deep neck infection diagnosed by emergency ultrasound.

Laryngopyocele is a rare diagnosis that can cause life-threating conditions such as airway obstruction and even death. Emergency ultrasound (POCUS) can be very helpful during the diagnosis and monitoring of the illness because it is both easy to apply and repeatable. A deep neck infection was diagnosed as laryngopyocele by POCUS in the emergency department; this is the first case in the literature.

Laryngopyocoele in an adult female mimicking an infected branchial cyst.

The incidence of laryngopyocoele is very unusual and only 41 cases have been documented in the world literature. Although hoarseness and stridor are the predominant symptoms associated with laryngocoele,patient can present with a recurrent neck abscess misleading to an infected branchial cyst. Complete excision of the cyst can be effectively achieved by the transcervical approach, especially in case of a large lateral cyst in a stable patient.

[Dyspnoea revealing laryngopyocele]. / Une dyspnée révélant une laryngopyocèle.

Laryngocele is rare; it is an abnormal dilatation of the laryngeal appendix or of the Morgagni's ventricular pouch. Its size is variable. When it is small, it is usually asymptomatic. When it is large, it can manifest as a cervical anterolateral paralaryngeal mass. Diagnosis is based on CT scan. Treatment approach is still discussed. Endoscopic CO2 laser treatment has aroused great interest in recent years. We here report the clinical observation of a 24-year old woman with a 4-year history of intermittent dyspnea. Endoscopic examination showed an increase in the bulge of the right ventricular band associated with arytenoid oedema. Cervical CT scan with contrast medium objectified well-defined, hypodense collection next to the right thyroid cartilage, contrast enhanced in the periphery without bone lysis or lysis of the cartilage. It pressed the vallecula left with discreet infiltration of the surrounding grease. The diagnosis of internal laryngopyocele was suspected, confirming the clinical data. The patient was treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids before cervicotomy since it was not possible to perform endoscopic marsupialisation due to non-availability of the laser.

Bilateral combined laryngocele.

Laryngocele is an uncommon condition that represents a benign dilatation of the laryngeal saccule with air and/or fluid, arising in the region of the laryngeal ventricle. Laryngoceles, or laryngomucocele can be classified as internal, or combined. The aim of presenting this rare case of a bilateral combined laryngocele, are to emphasize the importance of diagnostic laryngoscopy in upper airway pathologies evaluation, increase awareness in the general otolaryngologist community, and to highlight the external surgical method.

Laryngocele: Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India.

OBJECTIVES: To study the details of clinical profile and management of laryngocele at a tertiary care teaching hospital of eastern India. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study. Case series of six patients of laryngocele. METHODS: Six patients of laryngocele were examined at the Outpatient Department of ENT of Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, between August 2010 and January 2014. The details of the patients, such as age, gender, occupations, clinical presentations, imaging modalities and treatment options, are discussed. RESULTS: The common clinical presentations of laryngocele are hoarseness of voice and swelling in the neck. Sometimes, laryngocele patients are asymptomatic. The patients were in the range of 45-70 years old, among them five were males and one was female. The diagnosis was made clinically and radiologically. Among the six patients, five were treated by surgical approach. CONCLUSIONS: Laryngocele is an abnormal dilatation of the laryngeal saccule. It is a very rare clinical condition. Hoarseness of voice and swelling in the neck are common clinical presentations in laryngocele. Imaging studies are essential for making diagnosis, determining the type, localization, extent of laryngocele and for treatment. Surgery is the treatment of choice in laryngocele.

Recurrent laryngopyocele: CT-guided hookwire localization for re-excision surgery.

Laryngopyocele recurrence after initial surgical resection is a very rare occurrence. We present a case of recurrent laryngopyocele in which CT fluoroscopy-guided hookwire placement was used to facilitate resection. In this article, we illustrate the imaging findings of laryngopyocele, review the approach to management, and describe the CT fluoroscopy-guided hookwire placement procedure.

Multidetector computed tomography in nonmalignant laryngeal disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is the examination of choice for laryngeal imaging in benign and malignant lesions. This review gives an overview of the MDCT scanning technique and discusses the advantages and disadvantages in investigation of benign lesions of the larynx. RECENT FINDINGS: MDCT is not the primary diagnostic method for benign lesions on the vocal folds. However, CT is indispensable for the diagnostic investigation of immobility of the vocal fold, for laryngoceles, and for laryngeal trauma, and may allow the exact delineation of extension and nature of benign laryngeal disease. The improved spatial resolution with consecutive high-quality two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions using thin-slice MDCT allows a better detection of laryngeal anatomic structures and benign pathologies. SUMMARY: The investigation of choice in diagnosing the cause of hoarseness is laryngoscopy and/or laryngostroboscopy, respectively. Nevertheless, thin-slice MDCT with multiplanar 2D and 3D volume-rendered reconstructions is essential for exact anatomic definition and extension and diagnosis of subtle benign laryngeal diseases.