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1.
Cell Rep ; 43(5): 114141, 2024 May 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38656869

RESUMEN

The cellular source of positive signals that reinvigorate T cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) for the therapeutic efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade has not been clearly defined. We now show that Batf3-lineage dendritic cells (DCs) are essential in this process. Flow cytometric analysis, gene-targeted mice, and blocking antibody studies revealed that 4-1BBL is a major positive co-stimulatory signal provided by these DCs within the TME that translates to CD8+ T cell functional reinvigoration and tumor regression. Immunofluorescence and spatial transcriptomics on human tumor samples revealed clustering of Batf3+ DCs and CD8+ T cells, which correlates with anti-PD-1 efficacy. In addition, proximity to Batf3+ DCs within the TME is associated with CD8+ T cell transcriptional states linked to anti-PD-1 response. Our results demonstrate that Batf3+ DCs within the TME are critical for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade efficacy and indicate a major role for the 4-1BB/4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) axis during this process.


Asunto(s)
Antígeno B7-H1 , Factores de Transcripción con Cremalleras de Leucina de Carácter Básico , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Células Dendríticas , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1 , Proteínas Represoras , Microambiente Tumoral , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Ligando 4-1BB/metabolismo , Ligando 4-1BB/genética , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción con Cremalleras de Leucina de Carácter Básico/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción con Cremalleras de Leucina de Carácter Básico/genética , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Miembro 9 de la Superfamilia de Receptores de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/metabolismo
2.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 1900, 2024 Mar 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429261

RESUMEN

Although co-stimulation of T cells with agonist antibodies targeting 4-1BB (CD137) improves antitumor immune responses in preclinical studies, clinical success has been limited by on-target, off-tumor activity. Here, we report the development of a tumor-anchored ɑ4-1BB agonist (ɑ4-1BB-LAIR), which consists of a ɑ4-1BB antibody fused to the collagen-binding protein LAIR. While combination treatment with an antitumor antibody (TA99) shows only modest efficacy, simultaneous depletion of CD4+ T cells boosts cure rates to over 90% of mice. Mechanistically, this synergy depends on ɑCD4 eliminating tumor draining lymph node regulatory T cells, resulting in priming and activation of CD8+ T cells which then infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. The cytotoxic program of these newly primed CD8+ T cells is then supported by the combined effect of TA99 and ɑ4-1BB-LAIR. The combination of TA99 and ɑ4-1BB-LAIR with a clinically approved ɑCTLA-4 antibody known for enhancing T cell priming results in equivalent cure rates, which validates the mechanistic principle, while the addition of ɑCTLA-4 also generates robust immunological memory against secondary tumor rechallenge. Thus, our study establishes the proof of principle for a clinically translatable cancer immunotherapy.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Linfocitos T Reguladores , Animales , Ratones , Anticuerpos , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Inmunoterapia , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/terapia , Microambiente Tumoral , Ligando 4-1BB/inmunología
3.
Mol Biol Rep ; 51(1): 408, 2024 Mar 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38460043

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: To describe an oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) encoding SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL that is capable of inducing tumor regression in therapeutic assays. Herein, we tested whether the antitumor effect is given by the induction of a tumor-specific immune response, as well as the minimum dose needed to elicit antitumor protection and monitor the OAd biodistribution over time. METHODS AND RESULTS: C57BL/6 mice (n = 5) per group were immunized twice with OAds encoding SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL, SA-E7-4-1BBL, or SP-SA-4-1BBL and challenged with TC-1 cancer cells. The DNA construct SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL was employed as a control via biolistic or PBS injection. Groups without tumor development at 47 days were rechallenged with TC-1 cells, and follow-up lasted until day 90. The minimum dose of OAd to induce the antitumor effect was established by immunization using serial dilution doses. The cytometry bead assay and the ELISpot assay were used to evaluate cytokine release in response to ex vivo antigenic stimulation. The distribution profile of the OAd vaccine was evaluated in the different organs by histological, immunohistochemical and qPCR analyses. The OAd SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL-immunized mice did not develop tumors even in a rechallenge. A protective antitumor effect was observed from a dose that is one hundredth of most reports of adenoviral vaccines. Immunization with OAd increases Interferon-gamma-producing cells in response to antigen stimulation. OAd was detected in tumors over time, with significant morphological changes, contrary to nontumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The OAd SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL vaccine confers a prophylactic, safe, long-lasting, and antigen-dependent antitumor effect mediated by a Th1 antitumor immune response.


Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra el Cáncer , Neoplasias , Animales , Ratones , Papillomavirus Humano 16 , Ligando 4-1BB/genética , Ligando 4-1BB/farmacología , Distribución Tisular , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Adenoviridae/genética , Inmunidad , Neoplasias/terapia
4.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol ; 83(5): 446-456, 2024 May 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38416872

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: Myocardial fibrosis, a common complication of myocardial infarction (MI), is characterized by excessive collagen deposition and can result in impaired cardiac function. The specific role of CD137 in the development of post-MI myocardial fibrosis remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of CD137 signaling using CD137 knockout mice and in vitro experiments. CD137 expression levels progressively increased in the heart after MI, particularly in myofibroblast, which play a key role in fibrosis. Remarkably, CD137 knockout mice exhibited improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis compared with wild-type mice at day 28 post-MI. The use of Masson's trichrome and picrosirius red staining demonstrated a reduction in the infarct area and collagen volume fraction in CD137 knockout mice. Furthermore, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen I, key markers of fibrosis, was decreased in heart tissues lacking CD137. In vitro experiments supported these findings because CD137 depletion attenuated cardiac fibroblast differentiation, and migration, and collagen I synthesis. In addition, the administration of CD137L recombinant protein further promoted alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and collagen I synthesis, suggesting a profibrotic effect. Notably, the application of an inhibitor targeting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway attenuated the profibrotic effects of CD137L. To conclude, this study provides evidence that CD137 plays a significant role in promoting myocardial fibrosis after MI. Inhibition of CD137 signaling pathways may hold therapeutic potential for mitigating pathological cardiac remodeling and improving post-MI cardiac function.


Asunto(s)
Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Fibrosis , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Infarto del Miocardio , Miembro 9 de la Superfamilia de Receptores de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral , Remodelación Ventricular , Animales , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/genética , Infarto del Miocardio/enzimología , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Remodelación Ventricular/efectos de los fármacos , Miembro 9 de la Superfamilia de Receptores de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/metabolismo , Miembro 9 de la Superfamilia de Receptores de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/genética , Masculino , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Miofibroblastos/metabolismo , Miofibroblastos/patología , Miofibroblastos/enzimología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Miocardio/patología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/enzimología , Ligando 4-1BB/metabolismo , Ligando 4-1BB/genética , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Transducción de Señal , Movimiento Celular , Ratones , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Diferenciación Celular , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/enzimología , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos
5.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res ; 43(1): 13, 2024 Jan 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38191418

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Inflammation in the eye is often associated with aggravated ocular diseases such as uveal melanoma (UM). Poor prognosis of UM is generally associated with high potential of metastatic liver dissemination. A strong driver of metastatic dissemination is the activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulating transcription factor ZEB1, and high expression of ZEB1 is associated with aggressiveness of UM. While ZEB1 expression can be also associated with immune tolerance, the underlying drivers of ZEB1 activation remain unclear. METHODS: Transcriptomic, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses were used to investigate the impact on clinical prognosis of immune infiltration in the ocular tumor microenvironment. A metastatic liver dissemination model of was developed to address the role of natural killer (NK) cells in driving the migration of UM. RESULTS: In a pan-cancer TCGA analysis, natural killer (NK) cells were associated with worse overall survival in uveal melanoma and more abundant in high-risk monosomy 3 tumors. Furthermore, uveal melanoma expressed high levels of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 4-1BB ligand, particularly in tumors with monosomy 3 and BAP1 mutations. Tumors expressing 4-1BB ligand induced CD73 expression on NK cells accompanied with the ability to promote tumor dissemination. Through ligation of 4-1BB, NK cells induced the expression of the ZEB1 transcription factor, leading to the formation of liver metastasis of uveal melanoma. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the present study demonstrates a role of NK cells in the aggravation of uveal melanoma towards metastatic disease.


Asunto(s)
Ligando 4-1BB , Melanoma , Humanos , Melanoma/genética , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Células Asesinas Naturales , Monosomía , Microambiente Tumoral
6.
Neuromolecular Med ; 25(4): 616-631, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37796401

RESUMEN

Anxiety manifestations and cognitive dysfunction are common sequelae in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Microglia-mediated inflammatory signaling is involved in anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction during acute infection with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying microglia activation and behavioral and cognitive deficits in sepsis have not been in fully elucidated. Based on previous research, we speculated that the CD137 receptor/ligand system modulates microglia function during sepsis to mediate classical neurological SAE symptoms. A murine model of SAE was established by injecting male C57BL/6 mice with LPS, and cultured mouse BV2 microglia were used for in vitro assays. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, and ELISA were used to assess microglial activation and the expression of CD137L and inflammation-related cytokines in the mouse hippocampus and in cultured BV2 cells. In addition, behavioral tests were conducted in assess cognitive performance and behavioral distress. Immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR analyses showed that hippocampal expression of CD137L was upregulated in activated microglia following LPS treatment. Pre-treatment with the CD137L neutralizing antibody TKS-1 significantly reduced CD137L levels, attenuated the expression of M1 polarization markers in microglia, and inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in both LPS-treated mice and BV2 cells. Conversely, stimulation of CD137L signaling by recombinant CD137-Fc fusion protein activated the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultures BV2 microglia. Importantly, open field, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze spontaneous alternation test results indicated that TKS-1 administration alleviated anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory decline in mice with LPS-induced SAE. These findings suggest that CD137L upregulation in activated microglia critically contributes to neuroinflammation, anxiety-like behavior, and cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of LPS-induced sepsis. Therefore, therapeutic modulation of the CD137L/CD137 signaling pathway may represent an effective way to minimize brain damage and prevent cognitive and emotional deficits associated with SAE.


Asunto(s)
Ligando 4-1BB , Encefalopatía Asociada a la Sepsis , Sepsis , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hipocampo , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Microglía , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias , Sepsis/complicaciones , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sepsis/metabolismo , Encefalopatía Asociada a la Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Encefalopatía Asociada a la Sepsis/metabolismo , Ligando 4-1BB/efectos de los fármacos , Ligando 4-1BB/metabolismo , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico
7.
Cancer Immunol Immunother ; 72(11): 3567-3579, 2023 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37605009

RESUMEN

Immunotherapy utilizing checkpoint inhibitors has shown remarkable success in the treatment of cancers. In addition to immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune co-stimulation has the potential to enhance immune activation and destabilize the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. CD137, also known as 4-1BB, is one of the potent immune costimulatory receptors that could be targeted for effective immune co-stimulation. The interaction of the 4-1BB receptor with its natural ligand (4-1BBL) generates a strong costimulatory signal for T cell proliferation and survival. 4-1BBL lacks costimulatory activity in soluble form. To obtain co-stimulatory activity in soluble form, a recombinant 4-1BBL protein was generated by fusing the extracellular domains of murine 4-1BBL to a modified version of streptavidin (SA-4-1BBL). Treatment with SA-4-1BBL inhibited the development of lung tumors in A/J mice induced by weekly injections of the tobacco carcinogen NNK for eight weeks. The inhibition was dependent on the presence of T cells and NK cells; depletion of these cells diminished the SA-4-1BBL antitumor protective effect. The number of lung tumor nodules was significantly reduced by the administration of SA-4-1BBL to mice during ongoing exposure to NNK. The data presented in this paper suggest that utilizing an immune checkpoint stimulator as a single agent generate a protective immune response against lung cancer in the presence of a carcinogen. More broadly, this study suggests that immune checkpoint stimulation can be extended to a number of other cancer types, including breast and prostate cancers, for which improved diagnostics can detect disease at the preneoplastic stage.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Miembro 9 de la Superfamilia de Receptores de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral , Ratones , Animales , Carcinógenos/toxicidad , Linfocitos T , Ligando 4-1BB , Proteínas Recombinantes , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inducido químicamente , Microambiente Tumoral
8.
J Immunol Res ; 2023: 2457006, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37469388

RESUMEN

Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are selectively expressed in mammalian immune cells and have been linked to immune responses in host defense and autoimmune disease. In macrophages, miRNAs regulate cell metabolism by repressing the expression of genes such as transcription factors, enzymes, and metabolism-related molecules, as well as the expression of genes that impact inflammatory responses and phenotype determination. Previous studies showed that miR-22 plays a role in a variety of biological processes, such as cancer cell growth, cell survival, and cell expansion. In CD4 + T cells of inflammatory bowel disease patients, miR-22 is upregulated and regulates inflammasome-mediated responses. However, it has not yet been determined how miR-22 contributes to the activation of innate immune cells. In this study, we identified a mechanism of toll-like receptors- (TLR-) dependent miR-22 induction that regulates the downstream signaling pathway linking inflammatory responses and macrophage polarization. MiR-22 is induced via TLR-signaling, which regulates the induction of Slc2a1 (glucose transporter 1 and Glut1) and Tnfsf9 (tumor necrosis factor 9, 4-1BB ligand, and 4-1BBL) mRNAs that contribute to sustained inflammatory responses and the polarization of macrophages. Our observations support further efforts to explore a potential therapeutic strategy using miR-22 for the modulation of excessive macrophage activation for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.


Asunto(s)
Ligando 4-1BB , MicroARNs , Animales , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 1/genética , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 1/metabolismo , Ligando 4-1BB/metabolismo , Macrófagos , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo , Mamíferos/genética , Mamíferos/metabolismo
10.
Cancer Immunol Immunother ; 72(9): 3029-3043, 2023 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37310433

RESUMEN

Targeting co-stimulatory receptors promotes the activation and effector functions of anti-tumor lymphocytes. 4-1BB (CD137/TNFSF9), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFR-SF), is a potent co-stimulatory receptor that plays a prominent role in augmenting effector functions of CD8+ T cells, but also CD4+ T cells and NK cells. Agonistic antibodies against 4-1BB have entered clinical trials and shown signs of therapeutic efficacy. Here, we have used a T cell reporter system to evaluate various formats of 4-1BBL regarding their capacity to functionally engage its receptor. We found that a secreted 4-1BBL ectodomain harboring a trimerization domain derived from human collagen (s4-1BBL-TriXVIII) is a strong inducer of 4-1BB co-stimulation. Similar to the 4-1BB agonistic antibody urelumab, s4-1BBL-TriXVIII is very potent in inducing CD8+ and CD4+ T cell proliferation. We provide first evidence that s4-1BBL-TriXVIII can be used as an effective immunomodulatory payload in therapeutic viral vectors. Oncolytic measles viruses encoding s4-1BBL-TriXVIII significantly reduced tumor burden in a CD34+ humanized mouse model, whereas measles viruses lacking s4-1BBL-TriXVIII were not effective. Natural soluble 4-1BB ligand harboring a trimerization domain might have utility in tumor therapy especially when delivered to tumor tissue as systemic administration might induce liver toxicity.


Asunto(s)
Ligando 4-1BB , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Ratones , Animales , Humanos , Ligando 4-1BB/genética , Agentes Inmunomoduladores , Miembro 9 de la Superfamilia de Receptores de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/genética , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral , Células Asesinas Naturales
11.
Microb Cell Fact ; 22(1): 67, 2023 Apr 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37041591

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies have demonstrated substantial potential for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, its application is limited due to the difficulty in the production of a large number of NK cells in vitro and the insufficient therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors in vivo. Engineered antibodies or fusion proteins targeting activating receptors and costimulatory molecules of NK cells have been developed to encounter these problems. They are mostly produced in mammalian cells with high cost and long processing times. Yeast systems, such as Komagataella phaffii, present a convenient manipulation of microbial systems with the key advantages of improved folding machinery and low cost. RESULTS: In this study, we designed an antibody fusion protein scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL, composed of the single chain variant fragment (scFv) of anti-CD16A antibody and the three extracellular domains (ECDs) of human 4-1BBL in a single-chain format (sc) with the GS linker, aiming to boost NK cell proliferation and activation. This protein complex was produced in the K. phaffii X33 system and purified by affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL complex showed comparable binding abilities to its two targets human CD16A and 4-1BB as its two parental moieties (scFvCD16A and monomer ECD (mn)4-1BBL). scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL specifically stimulated the expansion of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived NK cells in vitro. Furthermore, in the ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model, adoptive NK cell infusion combined with intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL further reduced the tumor burden and prolonged the survival time of mice. CONCLUSION: Our studies demonstrate the feasibility of the expression of the antibody fusion protein scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL in K. phaffii with favourable properties. scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL stimulates PBMC-derived NK cell expansion in vitro and improves the antitumor activity of adoptively transferred NK cells in a murine model of ovarian cancer and may serve as a synergistic drug for NK immunotherapy in future research and applications.


Asunto(s)
Leucocitos Mononucleares , Neoplasias Ováricas , Femenino , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Ligandos , Ligando 4-1BB/uso terapéutico , Células Asesinas Naturales , Anticuerpos , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Mamíferos
12.
Immunol Cell Biol ; 101(5): 458-464, 2023 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36811384

RESUMEN

Since NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) are primarily overexpressed on multiple types of solid tumors but absent on most normal tissues, NKG2DLs could be optimal antigens for CAR-T cells. To date, there have been two types of NKG2DL CARs: (i) the extracellular domain of NKG2D fused to the CD8a transmembrane domain, signaling domains of 4-1BB and CD3ζ (NKBz) and (ii) full-length NKG2D fused to the CD3ζ signaling domain (chNKz). Although NKBz- and chNKz-engineered T cells both showed antitumor activities, a comparison of their functions has not been reported. In addition, use of the 4-1BB signaling domain into the CAR construct could prolong the persistence and resistance to antitumor activities of CAR-T cells, we designed a new NKG2DL CAR, full-length NKG2D fused to the signaling domains of 4-1BB and CD3ζ (chNKBz). Among the two types of NKG2DL CAR-T cells reported in previous studies, we found that chNKz T cells had stronger antitumor ability than NKBz T cells in vitro, but their antitumor activity in vivo is similar. The chNKBz T cells showed antitumor activity superior to that of chNKz T cells and NKBz T cells in vitro and in vivo, providing a new option for the immunotherapy of NKG2DL-positive tumor patients.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Linfocitos T , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inmunoterapia , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva , Subfamilia K de Receptores Similares a Lectina de Células NK , Transducción de Señal , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Ligando 4-1BB/metabolismo
13.
Hum Gene Ther ; 34(21-22): 1145-1161, 2023 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36851890

RESUMEN

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies but has yet to achieve similar success in solid tumors due to a lack of persistence and function in the tumor microenvironment. We previously reported the augmentation of CAR T cell therapy in an engineered solid tumor model through the secretion of anti-PD-1 single-chain fragment variable region (scFv), as shown by enhanced CAR T cell antitumor efficacy, expansion, and vitality. We have since improved the platform to create a superior cellular product-CAR T cells secreting single-chain trimeric 4-1BB ligand fused to anti-PD-1 scFv (αPD1-41BBL). 4-1BB signaling promotes cytotoxic T lymphocyte proliferation and survival but targeting 4-1BB with agonist antibodies in the clinic has been hindered by low antitumor activity and high toxicity. CAR T cells using 4-1BB endodomain for costimulatory signals have demonstrated milder antitumor response and longer persistence compared to CAR T cells costimulated by CD28 endodomain. We have, for the first time, engineered CD28-costimulated CAR T cells to secrete a fusion protein containing the soluble trimeric 4-1BB ligand. In vitro and in vivo, CAR19.αPD1-41BBL T cells exhibited reduced inhibitory receptor upregulation, enhanced persistence and proliferation, and a less differentiated memory status compared to CAR T cells without additional 4-1BB:4-1BBL costimulation. Accordingly, CAR19.αPD1-41BBL T cell-treated mice displayed significantly improved tumor growth control and overall survival. Spurred on by our preclinical success targeting CD19 as a model antigen, we produced mesothelin-targeting CAR T cells and confirmed the enhanced solid tumor efficacy of αPD1-41BBL-secreting CAR T cells.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos , Animales , Ratones , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos/genética , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos/metabolismo , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/genética , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T , Antígenos CD28 , Ligando 4-1BB/metabolismo , Neoplasias/terapia , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva , Microambiente Tumoral
14.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 160: 114360, 2023 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36804121

RESUMEN

In the present study, a series of novel L-phenylalanine dipeptides were designed and synthesized by a multi-step sequence of reactions, including carbodiimide-mediated condensation, hydrolysis, mixed anhydride condensation, and nucleophilic substitution. Among them, compound 7c exhibited potent antitumor activity against prostate cancer cell PC3 in vitro and in vivo via inducing apoptosis. We investigated the significantly differentially expressed proteins in the cells caused by the compound 7c to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of PCa cell growth, which indicated that 7c mainly regulated the protein expression of apoptosis-related transcription factors, including c-Jun, IL6, LAMB3, OSMR, STC1, OLR1, SDC4 and PLAU; and 7c also regulated the protein expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL6, CXCL8, TNFSF9, TNFRSF12A and OSMR, and the phosphorylation levels of RelA. The action target confirmed that TNFSF9 protein is the critical binding target of 7c. These findings suggested that 7c could regulate the apoptosis and inflammatory response related signaling pathways for the inhibition of the proliferation of PC3 cells, implying that 7c could be considered a promising therapeutic candidate for PCa therapy.


Asunto(s)
Hiperplasia Prostática , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Fenilalanina/farmacología , Fenilalanina/uso terapéutico , Interleucina-6 , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Proliferación Celular , Apoptosis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ligando 4-1BB
15.
Mol Cancer Ther ; 22(1): 89-101, 2023 01 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36343381

RESUMEN

4-1BB (CD137) is an activation-induced costimulatory receptor that regulates immune responses of activated CD8 T and natural killer cells, by enhancing proliferation, survival, cytolytic activity, and IFNγ production. The ability to induce potent antitumor activity by stimulating 4-1BB on tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells makes 4-1BB an attractive target for designing novel immuno-oncology therapeutics. To minimize systemic immune toxicities and enhance activity at the tumor site, we have developed a novel bispecific antibody that stimulates 4-1BB function when co-engaged with the tumor-associated antigen 5T4. ALG.APV-527 was built on the basis of the ADAPTIR bispecific platform with optimized binding domains to 4-1BB and 5T4 originating from the ALLIGATOR-GOLD human single-chain variable fragment library. The epitope of ALG.APV-527 was determined to be located at domain 1 and 2 on 4-1BB using X-ray crystallography. As shown in reporter and primary cell assays in vitro, ALG.APV-527 triggers dose-dependent 4-1BB activity mediated only by 5T4 crosslinking. In vivo, ALG.APV-527 demonstrates robust antitumor responses, by inhibiting growth of established tumors expressing human 5T4 followed by a long-lasting memory immune response. ALG.APV-527 has an antibody-like half-life in cynomolgus macaques and was well tolerated at 50.5 mg/kg. ALG.APV-527 is uniquely designed for 5T4-conditional 4-1BB-mediated antitumor activity with potential to minimize systemic immune activation and hepatotoxicity while providing efficacious tumor-specific responses in a range of 5T4-expressing tumor indications as shown by robust activity in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. On the basis of the combined preclinical dataset, ALG.APV-527 has potential as a promising anticancer therapeutic for the treatment of 5T4-expressing tumors.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Biespecíficos , Neoplasias , Anticuerpos de Cadena Única , Humanos , Anticuerpos Biespecíficos/farmacología , Anticuerpos Biespecíficos/uso terapéutico , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Linfocitos T , Miembro 9 de la Superfamilia de Receptores de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral , Ligando 4-1BB/metabolismo
16.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(18)2022 Sep 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36142828

RESUMEN

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignant cancer of the urinary system. Drug therapy, chemotherapy, and radical prostatectomy are the primary treatment methods, but drug resistance and postoperative recurrence often occur. Therefore, seeking novel anti-tumor compounds with high efficiency and low toxicity from natural products can produce a new tumor treatment method. Matijin-Su [N-(N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanyl)-O-acetyl-L-phenylalanol, MTS] is a phenylalanine dipeptide monomer compound that is isolated from the Chinese ethnic medicine Matijin (Dichondra repens Forst.). Its derivatives exhibit various pharmacological activities, especially anti-tumor. Among them, the novel MTS derivative HXL131 has a significant inhibitory effect against prostate tumor growth and metastasis. This study is designed to investigate the effects of HXL131 on the growth and metastasis of human PCa cell lines PC3 and its molecular mechanism through in vitro experiments combined with proteomics, molecular docking, and gene silencing. The in vitro results showed that HXL131 concentration dependently inhibited PC3 cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, arrested cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and inhibited cell migration capacity. A proteomic analysis and a Western blot showed that HXL131 up-regulated the expression of proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and migration-related proteins CYR61, TIMP1, SOD2, IL6, SERPINE2, DUSP1, TNFSF9, OSMR, TNFRSF10D, and TNFRSF12A. Molecular docking, a cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and gene silencing showed that HXL131 had a strong binding affinity with DUSP1 and TNFSF9, which are important target genes for inhibiting the growth and metastasis of PC3 cells. This study demonstrates that HXL131 exhibited excellent anti-prostate cancer activity and inhibited the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells by regulating the expression of DUSP1 and TNFSF9.


Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Ligando 4-1BB , Apoptosis , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Dipéptidos/farmacología , Dipéptidos/uso terapéutico , Fosfatasa 1 de Especificidad Dual/genética , Humanos , Interleucina-6/farmacología , Masculino , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Fenilalanina/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Proteómica , Serpina E2/farmacología
17.
Immunol Cell Biol ; 100(9): 705-717, 2022 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35916066

RESUMEN

Aberrant expression of the proto-oncogene BCL6 is a driver of tumorigenesis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Mice overexpressing BCL6 from the B cell-specific immunoglobulin heavy chain µ intron promoter (Iµ-Bcl6Tg/+ ) develop B cell lymphomas with features typical of human DLBCL. While the development of B cell lymphoma in these mice is tightly controlled by T cells, the mechanisms of this immune surveillance are poorly understood. Here we show that CD4 T cells contribute to the control of lymphoproliferative disease in lymphoma-prone Iµ-Bcl6Tg/+ mice. We reveal that this CD4 T cell immuno-surveillance requires signaling by the co-stimulatory molecule CD137 ligand (CD137L; also known as 4-1BBL), which may promote the transition of pre-malignant B cells with an activated phenotype into the germinal center stage via reverse signaling, preventing their hazardous accumulation. Thus, CD137L-mediated CD4 T cell immuno-surveillance adds another layer of protection against B cell malignancy to that provided by CD8 T cell cytotoxicity.


Asunto(s)
Ligando 4-1BB , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso , Ligando 4-1BB/metabolismo , Animales , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Centro Germinal/metabolismo , Humanos , Cadenas Pesadas de Inmunoglobulina , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/genética , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/metabolismo , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/patología , Ratones , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-6/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-6/metabolismo
18.
Front Immunol ; 13: 918837, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35935980

RESUMEN

Autoimmunity involves a loss of immune tolerance to self-proteins due to a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental provocation, which generates autoreactive T and B cells. Genetic susceptibility affects lymphocyte autoreactivity at the level of central tolerance (e.g., defective, or incomplete MHC-mediated negative selection of self-reactive T cells) and peripheral tolerance (e.g., failure of mechanisms to control circulating self-reactive T cells). T regulatory cell (Treg) mediated suppression is essential for controlling peripheral autoreactive T cells. Understanding the genetic control of Treg development and function and Treg interaction with T effector and other immune cells is thus a key goal of autoimmunity research. Herein, we will review immunogenetic control of tolerance in one of the classic models of autoimmunity, the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes (T1D). We review the long (and still evolving) elucidation of how one susceptibility gene, Cd137, (identified originally via linkage studies) affects both the immune response and its regulation in a highly complex fashion. The CD137 (present in both membrane and soluble forms) and the CD137 ligand (CD137L) both signal into a variety of immune cells (bi-directional signaling). The overall outcome of these multitudinous effects (either tolerance or autoimmunity) depends upon the balance between the regulatory signals (predominantly mediated by soluble CD137 via the CD137L pathway) and the effector signals (mediated by both membrane-bound CD137 and CD137L). This immune balance/homeostasis can be decisively affected by genetic (susceptibility vs. resistant alleles) and environmental factors (stimulation of soluble CD137 production). The discovery of the homeostatic immune effect of soluble CD137 on the CD137-CD137L system makes it a promising candidate for immunotherapy to restore tolerance in autoimmune diseases.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Ligando 4-1BB , Animales , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/metabolismo , Linfocitos T Reguladores
19.
Front Immunol ; 13: 915890, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35812455

RESUMEN

4-1BB is a T cell costimulatory receptor and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Here, we show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) decreases the cellular response to its ligand (4-1BBL). Gal-3 binds to both soluble 4-1BB (s4-1BB) and membrane-bound 4-1BB (mem4-1BB), without blocking co-binding of 4-1BBL. In plasma, we detected complexes composed of 4-1BB and Gal-3 larger than 100 nm in size; these complexes were reduced in synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis. Both activated 4-1BB+ T cells and 4-1BB-transfected HEK293 cells depleted these complexes from plasma, followed by increased expression of 4-1BB and Gal-3 on the cell surface. The increase was accompanied by a 4-fold decrease in TNFα production by the 4-1BBhighGal-3+ T cells, after exposure to 4-1BB/Gal-3 complexes. In RA patients, complexes containing 4-1BB/Gal-3 were dramatically reduced in both plasma and SF compared with healthy plasma. These results support that Gal-3 binds to 4-1BB without blocking the co-binding of 4-1BBL. Instead, Gal-3 leads to formation of large soluble 4-1BB/Gal-3 complexes that attach to mem4-1BB on the cell surfaces, resulting in suppression of 4-1BBL's bioactivity.


Asunto(s)
Galectina 3 , Miembro 9 de la Superfamilia de Receptores de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral , Ligando 4-1BB/química , Ligando 4-1BB/metabolismo , Galectina 3/química , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/metabolismo , Miembro 9 de la Superfamilia de Receptores de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/metabolismo
20.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 13: 922501, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35846320

RESUMEN

Senile osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease, leading to increased bone brittleness and risk of fragile fractures. With the acceleration of population aging, osteoporosis has gradually become one of the most serious and prevalent problems worldwide. Bone formation is highly dependent on the proper osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the bone marrow microenvironment, which is generated by the functional relationship among different cell types, including osteoblasts, adipogenic cells, and bone marrow stromal cells in the bone marrow. It is still not clear how osteoporosis is caused by its molecular mechanism. With aging, bone marrow is able to restrain osteogenesis. Discovering the underlying signals that oppose BMSC osteogenic differentiation from the bone marrow microenvironment and identifying the unusual changes in BMSCs with aging is important to elucidate possible mechanisms of senile osteoporosis. We used 3 gene expression profiles (GSE35956, GSE35957, and GSE35959) associated with osteoporosis. And a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was also built to identify the promising gene CD137. After that, we performed in vivo experiments to verify its function and mechanism. In this experiment, we found that significant bone loss was observed in aged (18-month-old) mice compared with young (6-month-old) mice. The adipose tissue in bone marrow cavity from aged mice reached above 10 times more than young mice. Combining bioinformatics analysis and vivo experiments, we inferred that CD137 might be involved in the p53 and canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathways and thereby influenced bone mass through regulation of marrow adipogenesis. Importantly, osteoporosis can be rescued by blocking CD137 signaling in vivo. Our research will contribute to our understanding not only of the pathogenesis of age-related bone loss but also to the identification of new targets for treating senile osteoporosis.


Asunto(s)
Ligando 4-1BB/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Osteoporosis , Animales , Ratones , Osteogénesis , Osteoporosis/genética , Osteoporosis/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Vía de Señalización Wnt
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