Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 14 de 14
Filtrar
1.
Biofouling ; 40(1): 40-53, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38359904

RESUMEN

The Parsurameswara stone monument, built in the seventh century, is one of the oldest stone monuments in Odisha, India. Metagenomic analysis of the biological crust samples collected from the stone monument revealed 17 phyla in the microbiome, with Proteobacteria being the most dominant phylum, followed by cyanobacteria. Eight cyanobacteria were isolated. Lyngbya corticicola was the dominant cyanobacterium in all crust samples and could tolerate six months of desiccation in vitro. With six months of desiccation, chlorophyll-a decreased; however, carotenoid and cellular carbohydrate contents of this organism increased in the desiccated state. Resistance to desiccation, high carotenoid content, and effective trehalose biosynthesis in this cyanobacterium provide a distinct advantage over other microbiomes. Comparative metabolic profiles of the biological crust and L. corticicola show strongly corrosive organic acids such as dichloroacetic acid, which might be responsible for the biocorrosion of stone monuments.


Asunto(s)
Cianobacterias , Microbiota , Lyngbya , Desecación , Biopelículas , Cianobacterias/genética , Microbiota/genética , Carotenoides/análisis , Carotenoides/metabolismo
2.
Braz J Microbiol ; 54(4): 2671-2687, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37688688

RESUMEN

Lyngbya from fresh and marine water produces an array of pharmaceutically bioactive therapeutic compounds. However, Lyngbya from agricultural soil is still poorly investigated. Hence, in this study, the bioactive potential of different Lyngbya spp. extract was explored. Intracellular petroleum ether extract of L. hieronymusii K81 showed the highest phenolic content (626.22 ± 0.65 µg GAEs g-1 FW), while intracellular ethyl acetate extract of L. aestuarii K97 (74.02 ± 0.002 mg QEs g-1 FW) showed highest flavonoid content. Highest free radical scavenging activity in terms of ABTS•+ was recorded in intracellular methanolic extract of Lyngbya sp. K5 (97.85 ± 0.068%), followed by L. wollei K80 (97.22 ± 0.059%) while highest DPPH• radical scavenging activity observed by intracellular acetone extract of Lyngbya sp. K5 (54.59 ± 0.165%). All the extracts also showed variable degrees of antifungal activities against Fusarium udum, F. oxysporum ciceris, Colletotrichum capsici, and Rhizoctonia solani. Further, extract of L. wollei K80 and L. aestuarii K97 showed potential anticancer activities against MCF7 (breast cancer) cell lines. GC-MS analyses of intracellular methanolic extract of L. wollei K80 showed the dominance of PUFAs with 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z) as the most abundant bioactive compound. On the other hand, the extracellular ethyl acetate extract of L. aestuarii K97 was rich in alkanes and alkenes with 1-hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane as the most predominant compound. Extracts of Lyngbya spp. rich in novel secondary metabolites such as PUFAs, alkanes, and alkenes can be further explored as an alternative and low-cost antioxidant and potential apoptogens for cancer therapy.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos , Antioxidantes , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Lyngbya , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Alcanos , Alquenos
3.
Molecules ; 28(9)2023 May 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37175374

RESUMEN

Marine cyanobacteria are known to produce structurally diverse bioactive specialized metabolites during bloom occurrence. These ecologically active allelochemicals confer chemical defense for the microalgae from competing microbes and herbivores. From a collection of a marine cyanobacterium, cf. Lyngbya sp., a small quantity of a new cyclopropane-containing molecule, benderadiene (2), and lyngbyoic acid (1) were purified and characterized using spectroscopic methods. Using live reporter quorum-sensing (QS) inhibitory assays, based on P. aeruginosa PAO1 lasB-gfp and rhlA-gfp strains, both compounds were found to inhibit QS-regulated gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. In addition to lyngbyoic acid being more active in the PAO1 lasB-gfp biosensor strain (IC50 of 20.4 µM), it displayed anti-biofilm activity when incubated with wild-type P. aeruginosa. The discovery of lyngbyoic acid in relatively high amounts provided insights into its ecological significance as a defensive allelochemical in targeting competing microbes through interference with their QS systems and starting material to produce other related analogs. Similar strategies could be adopted by other marine cyanobacterial strains where the high production of other lipid acids has been reported. Preliminary evidence is provided from the virtual molecular docking of these cyanobacterial free acids at the ligand-binding site of the P. aeruginosa LasR transcriptional protein.


Asunto(s)
Cianobacterias , Lyngbya , Lyngbya/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Biopelículas , Percepción de Quorum , Cianobacterias/metabolismo , Ciclopropanos/farmacología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Factores de Virulencia/genética
4.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol ; 396(10): 2197-2216, 2023 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37103519

RESUMEN

The distribution and phytochemistry of the non-nitrogen fixing, filamentous cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Lyngbya sp., and the inherent antimicrobial and anticancer activities of its phycochemicals as well as of the biosynthesized nanoparticles as their pharmaceutical potencies are considered. Several phycocompounds of curio, apramide, apratoxin, benderamide, cocosamides, deoxymajusculamide, flavonoids, lagunamides, lipids, proteins, amino acids, lyngbyabellin, lyngbyastatin, majusculamide, peptides, etc. were isolated from Lyngbya sp., which had a lot of potential pharmaceutical activities; those compounds had antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, ultraviolet protectant, and other activities. Particularly, several Lyngbya phycocompounds had potent antimicrobial potencies, seen through in vitro controlling of several frequently encountered multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinically belligerent strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples. The aqueous extracts of Lyngbya sp. were used for the synthesis of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles, which were used in pharmacological trials too. The nanoparticles biosynthesized with Lyngbya sp. had several uses such as biofuel, agro-based applications, in cosmetics, and industrial uses as biopolymers, and being potent antimicrobial and anticancer agents and in drug-delivery too, as medical applications. It could be concluded that the Lyngbya phycochemicals and the biosynthesized nanoparticles have future uses as antimicrobial namely as bacterial and fungal and anti-cancer agents, with promising medical and industrial uses.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Antineoplásicos , Cianobacterias , Lyngbya , Cianobacterias/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Fitoquímicos/farmacología
5.
Molecules ; 28(6)2023 Mar 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36985758

RESUMEN

Two aplysiatoxin derivatives, neo-debromoaplysiatoxin I (1) and neo-debromoaplysiatoxin J (2), were isolated from marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. collected from the South China Sea. Their structures including absolute configurations were assigned by spectroscopic analysis, in combination with GIAO NMR shift calculation and DP4+ analysis. Structures of neo-debromoaplysiatoxin I and neo-debromoaplysiatoxin J contained a decahydro-5H-pyrano [2,3,4-de] chromen-5-one 6/6/6 ring skeleton and an intriguing peroxide bridge group, respectively, which are unprecedented structure scaffold and motif in aplysiatoxins. Two compounds displayed comparable inhibitory activities against Kv1.5 K+ channel with IC50 values of 2.59 ± 0.37 µM (1) and 1.64 ± 0.15 µM (2); however, they presented differential cytotoxic effects. It is worth noting that neo-debromoaplysiatoxin J, containing a peroxide bridge, showed remarkable cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines including SW480, SGC7901, LoVo and PC-9 compared to the human normal cell line.


Asunto(s)
Cianobacterias , Lyngbya , Humanos , Canal de Potasio Kv1.5 , Cianobacterias/química , Toxinas de Lyngbya/química , Línea Celular , Estructura Molecular
6.
Mar Drugs ; 20(12)2022 Dec 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36547915

RESUMEN

Cyanobacteria ascribed to the genus Lyngbya (Family Oscillatoriaceae) represent a potential therapeutic gold mine of chemically and biologically diverse natural products that exhibit a wide array of biological properties. Phylogenetic analyses have established the Lyngbya 'morpho-type' as a highly polyphyletic group and have resulted in taxonomic revision and description of an additional six new cyanobacterial genera in the same family to date. Among the most prolific marine cyanobacterial producers of biologically active compounds are the species Moorena producens (previously L. majuscula, then Moorea producens), M. bouillonii (previously L. bouillonii), and L. confervoides. Over the years, compounding evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies in support of the significant pharmaceutical potential of 'Lyngbya'-derived natural products has made the Lyngbya morphotype a significant target for biomedical research and novel drug leads development. This comprehensive review covers compounds with reported anti-infective activities through 2022 from the Lyngbya morphotype, including new genera arising from recent phylogenetic re-classification. So far, 72 anti-infective secondary metabolites have been isolated from various Dapis, Lyngbya, Moorea, and Okeania species. These compounds showed significant antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, antiviral and molluscicidal effects. Herein, a comprehensive literature review covering the natural source, chemical structure, and biological/pharmacological properties will be presented.


Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos , Cianobacterias , Lyngbya , Filogenia , Cianobacterias/química , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Productos Biológicos/metabolismo , Toxinas de Lyngbya
7.
Environ Sci Technol ; 56(23): 16866-16872, 2022 12 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36399599

RESUMEN

The harmful, filamentous cyanobacteria Microseira (Lyngbya) wollei produces several toxic analogues of saxitoxin (Lyngbya wollei toxins 1-6, or LWTs 1-6), grows in shallow water, and can deposit significant biomass on nearby shorelines. Here, we show that the LWTs are stable in the biomass during subsequent drying but that the process facilitates the later release of LWTs upon return to the water column. Under basic conditions, LWTs hydrolyzed to generate products that were significantly more neurotoxic than the initial toxins. Aqueous LWTs were subjected to conditions of covarying temperature and pH, and their degradation rates and products were determined at each condition. LWTs 1, 5, and 6 degraded faster at pH ≥ 8 at all temperatures. Their degradation products, which included decarbamoyl saxitoxin and LWT 4, were consistent with a base-catalyzed hydrolysis mechanism and represented a net increase in total biomass toxicity normalized against the equivalent toxicity of saxitoxin. The corresponding pre-exponential terms and activation energies for hydrolysis were obtained for pH 6-10 over the temperature range 10-40 °C. A locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) regression was developed to predict the loss of parent toxins and subsequent products in the water column under conditions corresponding to those commonly encountered in cyanobacterial blooms.


Asunto(s)
Cianobacterias , Saxitoxina , Saxitoxina/metabolismo , Saxitoxina/toxicidad , Lyngbya , Agua/metabolismo , Biomasa , Cianobacterias/metabolismo
8.
J Toxicol Environ Health A ; 85(21): 881-895, 2022 Nov 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35891612

RESUMEN

The development of agroecology has promoted the discovery of new bioactive compounds that might act as biocides to control infections and microbial contamination. Algae belonging to Lyngbya genus produce several allelochemicals, which are compounds with crop protection potential. The present study aimed to examine primary and secondary compounds derived from Lyngbya sp. extracts (aqueous and hydroethanolic) on phytotoxic, cytogenotoxic, and insecticidal activities. Determination of compounds indicated the presence predominantly of proteins and flavonoids. The extracts presented physicochemical characteristics that produced (1) 89% germination inhibition using hydroethanolic extract and (2) diminished development of seedlings of L. sativa by hydroethanolic extract as evidenced by reduced radicles length in 83.54%. Aqueous and hydroethanolic Lyngbya sp. extracts significantly interfered with meristematic cells of A. cepa, as evidenced by chromosomal alterations and aberrant mitotic phases in cells. Extracts also exhibited pro-oxidative activity and a potent insecticidal potential on S. zeamais, indicating that the hydroethanolic extract produced 100% insect mortality at 75 mg/ml after 48 hr while the aqueous extract initiated 90% mortality at the same concentration after 82 hr. Therefore, data demonstrate that Lyngbya genus provides basic information for new environmental and ecotoxicological studies to seek a possible source of proteins and flavonoids to be used in agroecological management.


Asunto(s)
Insecticidas , Lyngbya , Flavonoides/química , Agua Dulce , Insecticidas/química , Lyngbya/química , Extractos Vegetales/química
10.
Mar Drugs ; 19(11)2021 Nov 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34822501

RESUMEN

Potassium channel Kv1.5 has been considered a key target for new treatments of atrial tachyarrhythmias, with few side effects. Four new debromoaplysiatoxin analogues with a 6/6/12 fused ring system were isolated from marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. Their planar structures were elucidated by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. The absolute configuration of oscillatoxin J (1) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the absolute configurations of oscillatoxin K (2), oscillatoxin L (3) and oscillatoxin M (4) were confirmed on the basis of GIAO NMR shift calculation followed by DP4 analysis. The current study confirmed the absolute configuration of the pivotal chiral positions (7S, 9S, 10S, 11R, 12S, 15S, 29R and 30R) at traditional ATXs with 6/12/6 tricyclic ring system. Compound 1, 2 and 4 exhibited blocking activities against Kv1.5 with IC50 values of 2.61 ± 0.91 µM, 3.86 ± 1.03 µM and 3.79 ± 1.01 µM, respectively. However, compound 3 exhibited a minimum effect on Kv1.5 at 10 µM. Furthermore, all of these new debromoaplysiatoxin analogs displayed no apparent activity in a brine shrimp toxicity assay.


Asunto(s)
Canal de Potasio Kv1.5/efectos de los fármacos , Toxinas de Lyngbya/farmacología , Lyngbya , Animales , Organismos Acuáticos , Artemia , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Canal de Potasio Kv1.5/antagonistas & inhibidores , Toxinas de Lyngbya/química , Ratones , Relación Estructura-Actividad
11.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(5)2021 Feb 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33669069

RESUMEN

Osteoclasts, bone-specified multinucleated cells produced by monocyte/macrophage, are involved in numerous bone destructive diseases such as arthritis, osteoporosis, and inflammation-induced bone loss. The osteoclast differentiation mechanism suggests a possible strategy to treat bone diseases. In this regard, we recently examined the in vivo impact of kalkitoxin (KT), a marine product obtained from the marine cyanobacterium Moorena producens (previously Lyngbya majuscula), on the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and on the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated in vitro osteoclastogenesis and inflammation-mediated bone loss. We have now examined the molecular mechanism of KT in greater detail. KT decreased RANKL-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-multinucleated cells at a late stage. Likewise, KT suppressed RANKL-induced pit area and actin ring formation in BMM cells. Additionally, KT inhibited several RANKL-induced genes such as cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), TRAP, and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). In line with these results, RANKL stimulated both genes and protein expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1), and this was also suppressed by KT. Moreover, KT markedly decreased RANKL-induced p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK pathways at different time points. As a result, KT prevented inflammatory bone loss in mice, such as bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoclast differentiation markers. These experiments demonstrated that KT markedly inhibited osteoclast formation and inflammatory bone loss through NFATc1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Therefore, KT may have potential as a treatment for destructive bone diseases.


Asunto(s)
Resorción Ósea/tratamiento farmacológico , Lípidos/uso terapéutico , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Transcripción NFATC/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Tiazoles/uso terapéutico , Actinas/genética , Actinas/metabolismo , Animales , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Resorción Ósea/metabolismo , Catepsina K/genética , Catepsina K/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Quinasas Janus/metabolismo , Lípidos/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Lyngbya/química , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Macrófagos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Macrófagos/metabolismo , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Macrófagos/farmacología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Factores de Transcripción NFATC/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Osteogénesis/genética , Fosforilación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-fos/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-fos/metabolismo , Ligando RANK/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ligando RANK/metabolismo , Ligando RANK/farmacología , Fosfatasa Ácida Tartratorresistente/genética , Fosfatasa Ácida Tartratorresistente/metabolismo , Tiazoles/farmacología
12.
Mar Drugs ; 18(12)2020 Dec 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33291783

RESUMEN

Cyanobacteria are essential for the vast number of compounds they produce and the possible applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetical, and food industries. As Lyngbya species' characterization is limited in the literature, we characterize this cyanobacterium's growth and biomass. L. purpureum was grown and analyzed under different salinities, culture media, and incubation times to determine the best conditions that favor its cell growth and the general production of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and some pigments as phycocyanin and chlorophyll a. In this study, each analyzed biomolecule's highest content was proteins 431.69 mg g-1, carbohydrates 301.45 mg g-1, lipids 131.5 mg g-1, chlorophyll a 4.09 mg g-1, and phycocyanin 40.4 mg g-1. These results can provide a general context of the possible uses that can be given to biomass and give an opening to investigate possible biocompounds or bio metabolites that can be obtained from it.


Asunto(s)
Biomasa , Lyngbya/efectos de los fármacos , Lyngbya/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/biosíntesis , Carbohidratos/biosíntesis , Clorofila A/biosíntesis , Medios de Cultivo , Lípidos/biosíntesis , Lyngbya/metabolismo , Ficocianina/biosíntesis , Solución Salina
13.
Toxins (Basel) ; 12(11)2020 11 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33238397

RESUMEN

Since 1970s, aplysiatoxins (ATXs), a class of biologically active dermatoxins, were identified from the marine mollusk Stylocheilus longicauda, whilst further research indicated that ATXs were originally metabolized by cyanobacteria. So far, there have been 45 aplysiatoxin derivatives discovered from marine cyanobacteria with various geographies. Recently, we isolated two neo-debromoaplysiatoxins, neo-debromoaplysiatoxin G (1) and neo-debromoaplysiatoxin H (2) from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. collected from the South China Sea. The freeze-dried cyanobacterium was extracted with liquid-liquid extraction of organic solvents, and then was subjected to multiple chromatographies to yield neo-debromoaplysiatoxin G (1) (3.6 mg) and neo-debromoaplysiatoxin H (2) (4.3 mg). They were elucidated with spectroscopic methods. Moreover, the brine shrimp toxicity of the aplysiatoxin derivatives representing differential structural classifications indicated that the debromoaplysiatoxin was the most toxic compound (half inhibitory concentration (IC50) value = 0.34 ± 0.036 µM). While neo-aplysiatoxins (neo-ATXs) did not exhibit apparent brine shrimp toxicity, but showed potent blocking action against potassium channel Kv1.5, likewise, compounds 1 and 2 with IC50 values of 1.79 ± 0.22 µM and 1.46 ± 0.14 µM, respectively. Therefore, much of the current knowledge suggests the ATXs with different structure modifications may modulate multiple cellular signaling processes in animal systems leading to the harmful effects on public health.


Asunto(s)
Toxinas de Lyngbya/química , Toxinas de Lyngbya/toxicidad , Lyngbya , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Potasio/química , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Potasio/toxicidad , Animales , Artemia/efectos de los fármacos , Células CHO , Cricetulus , Canal de Potasio Kv1.5/antagonistas & inhibidores , Canal de Potasio Kv1.5/genética , Canal de Potasio Kv1.5/fisiología
14.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 14095, 2020 08 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32839512

RESUMEN

Natural coastal microbial mat communities are multi-species assemblages that experience fluctuating environmental conditions and are shaped by resource competition as well as by cooperation. Laboratory studies rarely address the natural complexity of microbial communities but are usually limited to homogeneous mono-cultures of key species grown in liquid media. The mat-forming filamentous cyanobacteria Lyngbya aestuarii and Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes were cultured under different conditions to investigate the expression of circadian clock genes and genes that are under their control. The cyanobacteria were grown in liquid medium or on a solid substrate (glass beads) as mono- or as co-cultures under a light-dark regime and subsequently transferred to continuous light. TaqMan-probe based qPCR assays were used to quantify the expression of the circadian clock genes kaiA, kaiB, and kaiC, and of four genes that are under control of the circadian clock: psbA, nifH, ftsZ, and prx. Expression of kaiABC was influenced by co-culturing the cyanobacteria and whether grown in liquid media or on a solid substrate. Free-running (i.e. under continuous light) expression cycle of the circadian clock genes was observed in L. aestuarii but not in C. chthonoplastes. In the former organism, maximum expression of psbA and nifH occurred temporally separated and independent of the light regime, although the peak shifted in time when the culture was transferred to continuous illumination. Although functionally similar, both species of cyanobacteria displayed different 24-h transcriptional patterns in response to the experimental treatments, suggesting that their circadian clocks have adapted to different life strategies adopted by these mat-forming cyanobacteria.


Asunto(s)
Relojes Circadianos/genética , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Cianobacterias/metabolismo , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Relojes Circadianos/fisiología , Ritmo Circadiano/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización del Ritmo Circadiano/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización del Ritmo Circadiano/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Cianobacterias/genética , Cianobacterias/fisiología , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/genética , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Expresión Génica/genética , Lyngbya/genética , Lyngbya/metabolismo , Lyngbya/fisiología , Microbiota/fisiología , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Complejo de Proteína del Fotosistema II/genética , Complejo de Proteína del Fotosistema II/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética/genética
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA