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1.
Food Res Int ; 186: 114336, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38729713

RESUMEN

Alternative milk products such as A2 milk are gaining popular stand within consumer market, for their healthy profile and expected greater digestibility characteristics. However, total mineral content and its bioaccessible profile have lacked in studies through the years, even more because of their relevance in public health. The present study aimed to evaluate the mineral profile of commercial A2 bovine milk (AT) and estimate the bioaccessibility of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium using the INFOGEST protocol. Non-A2 samples (NAT) were evaluated for comparison purpose. The determination of Ca, Mg, Na and K was performed by FAAS and total P was quantified by colorimetric method. Total protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method. Free amino acids were quantified by OPA method along the in vitro digestion stages. Total content of Ca, Na and P exhibited equivalent results between samples, although A2 milk showed elevated levels of total Mg and K in the analyzed batches. AT showed protein content equivalent to NAT. In addition, levels of free NH2 were observed 2 times higher in AT, during the first hour of pancreatic phase in the intestinal digestion. Bioaccessibility of Ca showed equivalent percentages for AT (12-42 %) and NAT (10-39 %). The observed low values were possibly derived from interferences with saturated fatty acids and standardized electrolytes during digestion. Similar amounts of bioaccessible Mg were found for all milk samples (35-97 %), while A2 samples evidenced percentages of bioaccessible P exceeding 60 % across the three batches. Despite the health benefits associated to A2 milk, the study did not evidence clear distinction from non-A2 milk in terms of enhanced essential mineral solubility in digestive tract simulation, considering the association of greater digestibility expected for A2 milk.


Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos , Disponibilidad Biológica , Digestión , Leche , Minerales , Animales , Leche/química , Aminoácidos/análisis , Minerales/análisis , Bovinos , Magnesio/análisis
2.
Chemosphere ; 358: 142237, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38705406

RESUMEN

In this study, a novel Ce2MgMoO6/CNFs (cerium magnesium molybdite double perovskite decorated on carbon nanofibers) nanocomposite was developed for selective and ultra-sensitive detection of ciprofloxacin (CFX). Physical characterization and analytical techniques were used to explore the morphology, structure, and electrocatalytic characteristics of the Ce2MgMoO6/CNFs nanocomposite. The sensor has a wide linear range (0.005-7.71 µM and 9.75-77.71 µM), a low limit of detection (0.012 µM), high sensitivity (0.807 µA µM-1 cm-2 nM), remarkable repeatability, and an appreciable storage stability. Here, we used density functional theory to investigate CFX and oxidized CFX as well as the locations of the energy levels and electron transfer sites. Furthermore, the Ce2MgMoO6/CNFs-modified electrode was successfully tested in food samples (milk and honey), indicating an acceptable response with a recovery percentage and relative standard deviation of less than 4%, which is comparable to that of GC-MS. Finally, the developed sensor exhibited high selectivity and stability for CFX detection.


Asunto(s)
Carbono , Ciprofloxacina , Miel , Leche , Nanocompuestos , Nanofibras , Óxidos , Nanocompuestos/química , Ciprofloxacina/análisis , Ciprofloxacina/química , Óxidos/química , Leche/química , Nanofibras/química , Animales , Miel/análisis , Carbono/química , Molibdeno/química , Límite de Detección , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Titanio/química , Teoría Funcional de la Densidad , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Cerio/química , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Electrodos , Magnesio/química , Magnesio/análisis
3.
Molecules ; 29(10)2024 May 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38792055

RESUMEN

The present study aimed to develop low-sodium curing agents for dry-cured meat products. Four low-sodium formulations (SPMA, SPM, SP, and SM) were used for dry-curing meat. The physicochemical properties and flavor of the dry-cured meat were investigated. The presence of Mg2+ ions hindered the penetration of Na+ into the meat. The weight loss, moisture content, and pH of all low-sodium salt groups were lower than those of S. Mg2+ addition increased the water activity (Aw) of SPMA, SPM, and SM. Dry-curing meat with low-sodium salts promoted the production of volatile flavor compounds, with Mg2+ playing a more prominent role. Furthermore, low-sodium salts also promoted protein degradation and increased the content of free amino acids in dry-cured meat, especially in SM. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the low-sodium salts containing Mg2+ were conducive to improving the quality of dry-cured meat products. Therefore, low-sodium salts enriched with Mg2+ become a desirable low-sodium curing agent for achieving salt reduction in dry-cured meat products.


Asunto(s)
Magnesio , Productos de la Carne , Productos de la Carne/análisis , Magnesio/análisis , Magnesio/química , Animales , Sodio/análisis , Sodio/química , Sales (Química)/química , Gusto , Aromatizantes/análisis , Aromatizantes/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Aminoácidos/análisis , Aminoácidos/química , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos
4.
BMC Ophthalmol ; 24(1): 219, 2024 May 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38783230

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Vitreous humor (VH) is used for postmortem biochemical studies because it is well protected in an uncontaminated state even after death. The goal of this research was to investigate electrolyte concentrations in the VH from human eyes with and without a history of vitrectomy surgery. METHODS: We analyzed the sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations from 34 VH samples from 34 patients. Eleven samples were from eyes with a history of vitrectomy, and the remaining 23 eyes had no history of vitrectomy. The correlations of Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations with patient age, interval between first and second vitrectomy, and lens status (history of cataract surgery) were also evaluated. RESULTS: The Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH from vitrectomized eyes were 134.1 ± 7.9 mmol/L, 3.7 ± 0.2 mmol/L, 99.7 ± 6.7 mmol/L and 0.59 ± 0.09 mmol/L, respectively; all were significantly lower than the corresponding concentrations in VH from control eyes (lower by 5.0%, 11.0%, 11.7%, and 22.6%, respectively). Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH from vitrectomized eyes did not show significant correlations with patient ages or the interval between their first and second vitrectomies. There were no significant differences in Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH between phakic eyes and intraocular lens-implanted eyes. CONCLUSIONS: With the increasing number of vitrectomies being performed, it is necessary to consider the history of vitrectomy when using a subject's VH in forensic examination.


Asunto(s)
Vitrectomía , Cuerpo Vítreo , Humanos , Cuerpo Vítreo/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto , Electrólitos/análisis , Medicina Legal/métodos , Sodio/análisis , Potasio/análisis , Magnesio/análisis
5.
Cent Eur J Public Health ; 32(1): 31-38, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38669155

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Trace elements are essential for the biochemistry of the cell. Their reference values have been found to differ considerably in pregnant women stratified by age, place of residence, anthropometric status, and length of pregnancy. In optimal amounts, these elements reduce the risk of pregnancy complications. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and rubidium (Rb) on pregnant women in an iodine deficiency region and find the relationship with the thyroid status and nutrition. METHODS: We evaluated the iodine status of 61 healthy pregnant women from an iodine deficient region in Bulgaria. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxin free (FT4) levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: We found elevated levels of copper that differed the most between the first and second trimesters; Cu and TSH were found to be positively correlated (р < 0.05). Lower Cu levels were found in pregnant women consuming pulses more than 2-3 times a week (р = 0.033). The women consuming fish more than 2-3 times a week had higher levels of Rb. We found a pronounced iodine deficiency in more than half of the examined women in the first to third trimesters, without any effect of pregnancy on the ioduria (р=0.834). All second and third trimester cases were associated with severe ioduria (< 150 µg/L). CONCLUSION: The high Cu levels were associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and less pulse consumption during pregnancy in an iodine deficiency endemic area. SCH was found in 24% of the pregnant women in such an area while in 13% of them SCH had progressed to overt hypothyroidism.


Asunto(s)
Cobre , Yodo , Estado Nutricional , Zinc , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Yodo/deficiencia , Yodo/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Zinc/deficiencia , Zinc/sangre , Cobre/deficiencia , Cobre/sangre , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Magnesio/sangre , Magnesio/análisis , Magnesio/administración & dosificación , Oligoelementos/deficiencia , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Tirotropina/sangre , Hipotiroidismo/epidemiología
6.
Anal Bioanal Chem ; 416(12): 2941-2949, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38594392

RESUMEN

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a landmark in vaccinology, especially with their success in COVID-19 vaccines, which have shown great promise for future vaccine development and disease prevention. As a platform technology, synthetic mRNA can be produced with high fidelity using in vitro transcription (IVT). Magnesium plays a vital role in the IVT process, facilitating the phosphodiester bond formation between adjacent nucleotides and ensuring accurate transcription to produce high-quality mRNA. The development of the IVT process has prompted key inquiries about in-process characterization of magnesium ion (Mg++) consumption, relating to the RNA polymerase (RNAP) activation, fed-batch mode production yield, and mRNA quality. Hence, it becomes crucial to monitor the free Mg++ concentration throughout the IVT process. However, no free Mg++ analysis method has been reported for complex IVT reactions. Here we report a robust capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with indirect UV detection. The assay allows accurate quantitation of free Mg++ for the complex IVT reaction where it is essential to preserve IVT samples in their native-like state during analysis to avoid dissociation of bound Mg complexes. By applying this CZE method, the relationships between free Mg++ concentration, the mRNA yield, and dsRNA impurity level were investigated. Such mechanistic understanding facilitates informed decisions regarding the quantity and timing of feeding starting materials to increase the yield. Furthermore, this approach can serve as a platform method for analyzing the free Mg++ in complex sample matrices where preserving the native-like state of Mg++ binding is key for accurate quantitation.


Asunto(s)
Electroforesis Capilar , Magnesio , ARN Mensajero , Transcripción Genética , Electroforesis Capilar/métodos , Magnesio/análisis , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/análisis , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Humanos
7.
Food Chem ; 448: 139185, 2024 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38574715

RESUMEN

The impact of hydrogen (H2) producing magnesium (Mg) incorporation into minced beef meat (MBM) on the quality and safety of the product was investigated. The H2-producing Mg (H2-P-Mg)-incorporated MBMs were vacuumed (VP) and stored at 4 °C for 12 days. Other MBMs were vacuumed and gassed with H2 or N2. At the end of storage, the lowest browning index values were for H2 and H2-P-Mg samples. H2- PMg and VP methods generally decreased the counts of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria and yeast molds and restricted the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and biogenic amines. Heat mapping, PCA, and multivariate analysis methods confirmed chemical analysis results. The volatile compounds were at their highest levels in the control samples at the end of storage, followed by H2, N2, H2-P-Mg, and VP samples. Using the H2-P-Mg method in MBM preparation could protect the quality characteristics and safety of the product during cold storage.


Asunto(s)
Conservación de Alimentos , Almacenamiento de Alimentos , Hidrógeno , Magnesio , Animales , Bovinos , Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Hidrógeno/análisis , Magnesio/análisis , Magnesio/metabolismo , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Frío , Productos de la Carne/análisis , Productos de la Carne/microbiología , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Carne Roja/análisis , Carne Roja/microbiología
8.
Nutrients ; 16(6)2024 Mar 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38542681

RESUMEN

Preeclampsia is a primary placental disorder, with impaired placental vascularization leading to uteroplacental hypoperfusion. We aimed to investigate differences in metal and metalloid content between the placentas of women with preeclampsia and healthy controls. This was a case-control study in 63 women with preeclampsia and 113 healthy women. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure the placental metals and metalloids content. Compared with healthy control subjects, preeclampsia was associated with a significantly lower concentration of essential elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and selenium) in the placental tissue. After multivariable adjustment, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in selenium concentration was associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia with an OR of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.33-0.77). The joint effects of multiple selected metals and metalloids were associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia. The lower placental magnesium, chromium, iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations of preeclampsia cases indicate a potential link to its pathogenesis. It also provides an intriguing avenue for future research in revealing the underlying mechanisms and potential intervention strategies for preeclampsia.


Asunto(s)
Metaloides , Preeclampsia , Selenio , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Placenta/química , Metaloides/análisis , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Magnesio/análisis , Zinc , Hierro/análisis
9.
Cancer Sci ; 115(5): 1446-1458, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38438247

RESUMEN

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients have late presentation at the time of diagnosis and a poor prognosis. Metal dyshomeostasis is known to play a role in cancer progression. However, the blood and tissue metallome of PDAC patients has not been assessed. This study aimed to determine the levels of essential and toxic metals in the serum and pancreatic tissue from PDAC patients. Serum samples were obtained from PDAC patients before surgical resection. Tissue (tumor and adjacent normal pancreas) were obtained from the surgically resected specimen. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis was performed to quantify the levels of 10 essential and 3 toxic metals in these samples. Statistical analysis was performed to identify dysregulated metals in PDAC and their role as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Significantly decreased serum levels of magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, arsenic, and mercury and increased levels of molybdenum were shown to be associated with PDAC. There were significantly decreased levels of zinc, manganese and molybdenum, and increased levels of calcium and selenium in the pancreatic tumor tissue compared with the adjacent normal pancreas. Notably, lower serum levels of calcium, iron, and selenium, and higher levels of manganese, were significantly associated with a poor prognosis (i.e., overall survival) in PDAC patients. In conclusion, this is the first study to comprehensively assess the serum and tissue metallome of PDAC patients. It identified the association of metals with PDAC diagnosis and prognosis.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/sangre , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patología , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/sangre , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Metales/sangre , Metales/metabolismo , Metales/análisis , Páncreas/metabolismo , Páncreas/patología , Magnesio/sangre , Magnesio/metabolismo , Magnesio/análisis , Adulto , Calcio/sangre , Calcio/metabolismo , Calcio/análisis , Selenio/sangre , Selenio/análisis , Selenio/metabolismo , Hierro/metabolismo , Hierro/sangre , Zinc/sangre , Zinc/metabolismo , Zinc/análisis , Molibdeno/sangre
10.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 31(19): 28166-28177, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38532210

RESUMEN

Taihu Lake, the third largest freshwater lake in China, has experienced rapid salinization in the past decades; however, little is known about the impact of sodium (Na) on ion exchange in the lake environment. To explore the potential effect of increased Na on the migration of base cations (Ca and Mg) and resulting redistribution between the water and sediment, we used the adsorption-exchange experiment, MINTEQ modeling to explore the cation exchange induced by high Na input, and its impact on the redistribution of Ca and Mg in Taihu different media. The results indicated that exchanged quantity of Ca and Mg increased with time, and the exchange process reached 90% during 0-4 h and reached equilibrium after 24 h under 100 mg/L Na (the maximum Na concentration in Taihu sediment pore water). Our MINTEQ modeled result indicated that the exchanged quantity of Ca and Mg increased with the increasing Na concentration, with Ca being preferably exchanged over Mg at the same Na concentration. The MINTEQ model further predicted that, in the Taihu lake environment, the exchange adsorption would reach the equilibrium at the concentration of 6000 mg/L Na, with exchanged Ca2+ and Mg2+ accounting for 47% and 55% of the total exchangeable Ca and Mg in the sediment, respectively. Although current Na-induced exchange in the Taihu lake has been far from the equilibrium, the MINTEQ result confirmed the existence of this reaction and predicted the potential redistribution of base cations or Ca/Mg ratio in the lake sediment and water phase with further Na increase. Furthermore, our field observations not only confirmed the existence of Na-induced cation exchange in this lake environment but also were generally in agreement with our experimental and modeled results. The increased salinization-induced ion exchange would alter the re-distribution of base cations and the resulting potential ecosystem consequences should be given close attention in this large freshwater lake.


Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Lagos , Modelos Teóricos , China , Lagos/química , Salinidad , Sedimentos Geológicos/análisis , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Sodio/análisis , Sodio/química , Intercambio Iónico , Calcio/análisis , Calcio/química , Magnesio/análisis , Magnesio/química , Cationes/química
11.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 31(17): 26261-26281, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38499921

RESUMEN

Nutrient imbalances may negatively affect the health status of forests exposed to multiple stress factors, including drought and bark beetle calamities. We studied the origin of base cations in runoff from a small Carpathian catchment underlain by base-poor flysch turbidites using magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) isotope composition of 10 ecosystem compartments. Our objective was to constrain conclusions drawn from long-term hydrochemical monitoring of inputs and outputs. Annual export of Mg, Ca and Sr exceeds 5-to-15 times their atmospheric input. Mass budgets per se thus indicate sizeable net leaching of Mg, Ca and Sr from bedrock sandstones and claystones. Surprisingly, δ26Mg, δ44Ca and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of runoff were practically identical to those of atmospheric deposition and soil water but significantly different from bedrock isotope ratios. We did not find any carbonates in the studied area as a hypothetical, easily dissolvable source of base cations whose isotope composition might corroborate the predominance of geogenic base cations in the runoff. Marine carbonates typically have lower δ26 Mg and 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and silicate sediments often have higher δ26Mg and 87Sr/86Sr ratios than runoff at the study site. Mixing of these two sources, if confirmed, could reconcile the flux and isotope data.


Asunto(s)
Calcio , Magnesio , Calcio/análisis , Magnesio/análisis , Ecosistema , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Isótopos de Estroncio/análisis , Isótopos , Cationes , Carbonatos
12.
Geobiology ; 22(1): e12586, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38385602

RESUMEN

The formation of skeletal structures composed of different calcium carbonate polymorphs (e.g. aragonite and calcite) appears to be both biologically and environmentally regulated. Among environmental factors influencing aragonite and calcite precipitation, changes in seawater conditions-primarily in the molar ratio of magnesium and calcium during so-called 'Calcite' (mMg:mCa below 2) or 'Aragonite' seas (mMg:mCa above 2)-have had profound impacts on the distribution and performance of marine calcifiers throughout Earth's history. Nonetheless, the fossil record shows that some species appear to have counteracted such changes and kept their skeleton polymorph unaltered. Here, the aragonitic octocoral Heliopora coerulea and the aragonitic scleractinian Montipora digitata were exposed to Calcite Sea-like mMg:mCa with various levels of magnesium and calcium concentration, and changes in both the mineralogy (i.e. CaCO3 polymorph) and gene expression were monitored. Both species maintained aragonite deposition at lower mMg:mCa ratios, while concurrent calcite presence was only detected in M. digitata. Despite a strong variability between independent experimental replicates for both species, the expression for a set of putative calcification-related genes, including known components of the M. digitata skeleton organic matrix (SkOM), was found to consistently change at lower mMg:mCa. These results support the previously proposed involvements of the SkOM in counteracting decreases in seawater mMg:mCa. Although no consistent expression changes in calcium and magnesium transporters were observed, down-regulation calcium channels in H. coerulea in one experimental replicate and at an mMg:mCa of 2.5, pointing to a possible active calcium uptake regulation by the corals under altered mMg:mCa.


Asunto(s)
Antozoos , Carbonato de Calcio , Animales , Carbonato de Calcio/análisis , Calcio/metabolismo , Antozoos/química , Antozoos/metabolismo , Magnesio/análisis , Océanos y Mares
13.
NMR Biomed ; 37(6): e5113, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38316107

RESUMEN

31P MRSI allows for the non-invasive mapping of pH and magnesium ion content (Mg) in vivo, by translating the chemical shifts of inorganic phosphate and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) to pH and Mg via suitable calibration equations, such as the modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. However, the required constants in these calibration equations are typically only determined for physiological conditions, posing a particular challenge for their application to diseased tissue, where the biochemical conditions might change manyfold. In this article, we propose a multi-parametric look-up algorithm aiming at the condition-independent determination of pH and Mg by employing multiple quantifiable 31P spectral properties simultaneously. To generate entries for an initial look-up table, measurements from 114 model solutions prepared with varying chemical properties were made at 9.4 T. The number of look-up table entries was increased by inter- and extrapolation using a multi-dimensional function developed based on the Hill equation. The assignment of biochemical parameters, that is, pH and Mg, is realized using probability distributions incorporating specific measurement uncertainties on the quantified spectral parameters, allowing for an estimation of most plausible output values. As proof of concept, we applied a version of the look-up algorithm employing only the chemical shifts of γ- and ß-ATP for the determination of pH and Mg to in vivo 3D 31P MRSI data acquired at 7 T from (i) the lower leg muscles of healthy volunteers and (ii) the brains of patients with glioblastoma. The resulting volumetric maps showed plausible values for pH and Mg, partly revealing differences from maps generated using the conventional calibration equations.


Asunto(s)
Algoritmos , Magnesio , Magnesio/análisis , Magnesio/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Fósforo/química , Isótopos de Fósforo
14.
Ann Bot ; 133(7): 997-1006, 2024 May 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38307008

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The duckweeds (Lemnaceae) consist of 36 species exhibiting impressive phenotypic variation, including the progressive evolutionary loss of a fundamental plant organ, the root. Loss of roots and reduction of vascular tissues in recently derived taxa occur in concert with genome expansions of ≤14-fold. Given the paired loss of roots and reduction in structural complexity in derived taxa, we focus on the evolution of the ionome (whole-plant elemental contents) in the context of these fundamental changes in body plan. We expect that progressive vestigiality and eventual loss of roots might have both adaptive and maladaptive consequences that are hitherto unknown. METHODS: We quantified the ionomes of 34 accessions in 21 species across all duckweed genera, spanning 70 Myr in this rapidly cycling plant (doubling times are as rapid as ~24 h). We related both micro- and macroevolutionary ionome contrasts to body plan remodelling and showed nimble microevolutionary shifts in elemental accumulation and exclusion in novel accessions. KEY RESULTS: We observed a robust directional trend in calcium and magnesium levels, decreasing from the ancestral representative Spirodela genus towards the derived rootless Wolffia, with the latter also accumulating cadmium. We also identified abundant within-species variation and hyperaccumulators of specific elements, with this extensive variation at the fine (as opposed to broad) scale. CONCLUSIONS: These data underscore the impact of root loss and reveal the very fine scale of microevolutionary variation in hyperaccumulation and exclusion of a wide range of elements. Broadly, they might point to trade-offs not well recognized in ionomes.


Asunto(s)
Araceae , Evolución Biológica , Araceae/genética , Araceae/anatomía & histología , Araceae/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Calcio/metabolismo , Magnesio/metabolismo , Magnesio/análisis , Filogenia
15.
J Trace Elem Med Biol ; 83: 127388, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38262193

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In women of childbearing age, a low dietary supply of iron, calcium, and magnesium is often observed. Minerals deficiency in pregnant women is often associated with abnormal body weight and may impact fetal development disorders. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the dietary intake of iron, calcium and magnesium and their concentrations in serum and hair in pregnant women. METHOD: The study involved 97 Caucasian/white low-risk pregnant women at 12 weeks of gestation. The analysis of minerals in serum and hair samples was performed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated based on self-reported weight. The study used a validated questionnaire and a 24-h recall nutrition interview, which were analyzed using Aliant software. RESULTS: It was found that overweight and obese women exhibited higher magnesium concentration in serum, while iron content in serum and hair was markedly lower compared to women with normal body weight. The average total supply of iron was below the recommendation in pregnant women. Moreover, an inverse significant relationship was observed between BMI and iron concentration in hair and serum in the whole population. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, being overweight or obese before pregnancy is associated with low dietary iron intake and low iron concentration in serum and hair during the first trimester of pregnancy in women.


Asunto(s)
Hierro , Magnesio , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Magnesio/análisis , Hierro/análisis , Calcio/análisis , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Sobrepeso , Minerales/análisis , Obesidad , Cabello/química
16.
Sci Total Environ ; 916: 170294, 2024 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38272080

RESUMEN

Calcium-silicon-magnesium-potassium fertilizer (CSMP) is usually used as an amendment to counteract soil acidification caused by historical excessive nitrogen (N) applications. However, the impact of CSMP addition on phosphorus (P) mobilization in acidic soils and the related mechanisms are not fully understood. Specifically, a knowledge gap exists with regards to changes in soil extracellular enzymes that contribute to P release. Such a knowledge gap was investigated by an incubation study with four treatments: i) initial soil (Control), ii) urea (60 mg kg-1) addition (U); iii) CSMP (1%) addition (CSMP) and iv) urea (60 mg kg-1) and CSMP (1%) additions (U + CSMP). Phosphorus mobilization induced by different processes was distinguished by biologically based P extraction. The Langmuir equation, K edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, and ecoenzyme vector analysis according to the extracellular enzyme activity stoichiometry were deployed to investigate soil P sorption intensity, precipitation species, and microbial-driven turnover of organophosphorus. Results showed that CaCl2 extractable P (or citric acid extractable P) content increased by 63.4% (or 39.2%) in the soil with CSMP addition, compared with the study control. The accelerated mobilization of aluminum (Al)/iron (Fe)-bound P after CSMP addition, indicated by the reduction of the sum of FePO4·2H2O and AlPO4 proportion, contributed to this increase. The decrease of P sorption capacity can also be responsible for it. The CSMP addition increased enzyme extractable P in the soil nearly 7-fold and mitigated the limitations of carbon (C) and P for soil microorganisms (indicated by the enzyme stoichiometry and ecoenzyme vector analysis), suggesting that microbial turnover processes also contribute to P mobilization in amended acidic soil. These findings indicate that the P mobilization in CSMP amended acidic soil not only attributed to both decreasing P sorption capacity and dissolving phosphate precipitation, but also to the increase of the microbial turnover of the organophosphorus pool.


Asunto(s)
Calcio , Fósforo , Fósforo/análisis , Calcio/análisis , Suelo/química , Magnesio/análisis , Silicio , Fertilizantes/análisis , Potasio/análisis , Fosfatos/análisis , Urea
17.
Appl Spectrosc ; 78(2): 243-250, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38083817

RESUMEN

This study was dedicated to developing analytical methods for determining macronutrients (Ca, K, and Mg) in soy leaf samples with and without petioles. The study's primary purpose was to present Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a viable alternative for directly analyzing leaf samples using chemometric tools to interpret the data obtained. The instrumental condition chosen for LIBS was 70 mJ of laser pulse energy, 1.0 µs of delay time, and 100 µm of spot size, which was applied to 896 samples: 305 of soy without petioles and 591 of soy with petioles. The reference values of the analytes for the proposition of calibration models were obtained using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technique. Twelve normalization modes and two calibration strategies were tested to minimize signal variations and sample matrix microheterogeneity. The following were studied: multivariate calibration using partial least squares and univariate calibration using the area and height of several selected emission lines. The notable normalization mode for most models was the Euclidean norm. No analyte showed promising results for univariate calibrations. Micronutrients, P and S, were also tested, and no multivariate models presented satisfactory results. The models obtained for Ca, K, and Mg showed good results. The standard error of calibration ranged from 2.3 g/kg for Ca in soy leaves without petioles with two latent variables to 5.0 g/kg for K in soy leaves with petioles with two latent variables.


Asunto(s)
Rayos Láser , Espectroscopía de Fotoelectrones/métodos , Análisis Espectral/métodos , Calcio/análisis , Calcio/química , Potasio/análisis , Potasio/química , Magnesio/análisis , Magnesio/química
18.
J Sci Food Agric ; 104(3): 1824-1832, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37884460

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Rice taste is closely associated with endosperm composition, which varies among different rice layers. Although clarifying the relationship between this difference and nutritional taste can guide rice breeding and cultivation practices, research on this topic is limited. RESULTS: Here, typical rice varieties having excellent and poor taste characteristics were selected to analyze the distribution characteristics and differences of their components. The varieties with excellent taste exhibited lower apparent amylose content (AAC) and protein content (PC), lesser short-chain (Fa) and long-chain (Fb3 ) amylopectin (AP) and more medium-chain (Fb1+2 ) AP, higher long-to-short chain ratio (Fa:Fb3 ), and higher nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) content in layer 1 (L1) than the varieties with poor taste. Layer 2 (L2) played a key role in AAC and PC regulation in the varieties with excellent taste by reducing AAC and appropriately increasing PC, consequently improving rice taste. AP structure in layer 3 (L3) substantially affected the taste of the two types of varieties. The mineral content was the highest in L1, and increased potassium (K), Ca, and Mg content improved taste in all varieties. CONCLUSION: AAC in each layer contributes to rice taste. PC and minerals primarily act on L1 and L2, whereas AP acts on L2 and L3. Therefore, the endosperm formation process should be exploited for improving rice taste. Furthermore, key resources and cultivation should be identified and regulated, respectively, to improve rice taste. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.


Asunto(s)
Oryza , Oryza/química , Gusto , Fitomejoramiento , Amilopectina/química , Endospermo/química , Amilosa/análisis , Minerales/análisis , Magnesio/análisis , Almidón/química
19.
Food Chem ; 438: 137976, 2024 Apr 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37980870

RESUMEN

Pansy and viola edible flowers were grown hydroponically with different levels of Mg and Mn. The nutritional composition was determined using standard methods. Free sugars, fatty acids, organic acids, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds were analyzed using various HPLC and GC devises. The extract's antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity were assessed. The results indicated that Mg enrichment negatively affected plant growth and mineral accumulation but improved photosynthetic performance. The edible flowers contained significant amounts of protein, low levels of fat, and varying sugar contents, such as glucose and fructose. Various fatty acids and phenolic compounds were identified, with different concentrations depending on the treatment. The flowers exhibited antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic effects, and anti-inflammatory properties. The correlations between the investigated parameters not only expand knowledge on Mg and Mn interaction but also catalyze significant advancements in sustainable agriculture and food health, fostering a healthier and more conscious future.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Viola , Antioxidantes/química , Viola/química , Magnesio/análisis , Manganeso/análisis , Flores/química , Fenoles/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/análisis , Antiinflamatorios/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química
20.
Chemosphere ; 346: 140643, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37939924

RESUMEN

The effects of two types of layered double hydroxides (LDH) in-situ treatment on sediment phosphorus (P) mobilization and microbial community's structure were studied comparatively. The results presented that magnesium/aluminum-based (MA) and magnesium/iron (MF)-based LDH displayed great phosphate uptake ability in aqueous solution in a broad pH range of 3-8. The maximum phosphate sorption capacity of MA was 64.89 mg/g, around four times greater than that of MF (14.32 mg/g). Most of phosphate bound by MA and MF is hard to re-liberate under reduction and ordinary pH (5-9) conditions. In the in-situ remediation, the MA and MF capping/amendment both prevented P migration from the sediment to the overlying water (OL-water) under long-term anaerobic conditions, and MA had a better interception efficiency compared to MF in the same application mode. MA amendment significantly reduced mobile P (Mob-P) content in sediment and could remain its stable Mob-P inactivation capacity over a wide pH range. On the contrary, MF amendment increased Mob-P content in sediment and exhibited a variable ability to inactivate Mob-P under elevated pH conditions. MF can decrease Mob-P content at pH of 7 and 11 but increase Mob-P content at pH of 8-10. Under resuspension conditions, MA and MF capping groups still maintained low P levels in OL-water, while MA capping simultaneously showed a certain degree of resistance to sediment resuspension, but it had a weaker stabilizing effect for sediment than MF. Microbial community analysis manifested neither MA nor MF addition observably altered the sediment microbial diversity, but impacted the functional microorganisms' abundance and reshaped the microbial community's structure, intervening the sediment-P stabilization. Viewed from environmental friendliness, control efficiency, stability of P fixation capacity, and application convenience, MA capping wrapped by fabric is more suitable for addressing internal P loading in eutrophic lakes and holds great potential application.


Asunto(s)
Fósforo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Fósforo/química , Magnesio/análisis , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Fosfatos/farmacología , Fosfatos/análisis , Agua/química , Lagos/química , Aluminio/análisis
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