RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (icDAVFs) is controversial. Cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) and venous hypertension are recognized predisposing factors. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of association between icDAVF and CVT and describe baseline aggressiveness and clinical outcomes for icDAVFs associated with CVT. The authors also performed a literature review of studies reporting icDAVF associated with CVT. METHODS: Two hundred sixty-three consecutive patients in two university hospitals with confirmed icDAVFs were included. A double-blind imaging review was performed to determine the presence or absence of CVT close or distant to the icDAVF. Location, type (using the Cognard classification), aggressiveness of the icDAVF, clinical presentation, treatment modality, and clinical and/or angiographic outcomes at 6 months were also collected. All prior brain imaging was analyzed to determine the natural history of onset of the icDAVF. RESULTS: Among the 263 included patients, 75 (28.5%) presented with a CVT concomitant to their icDAVF. For 18 (78.3%) of 23 patients with previous brain imaging available, CVT preceding the icDAVF was proven (6.8% of the overall population). Former/active smoking (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.079-3.682, p = 0.022) and prothrombogenic status (active inflammation or cancer/coagulation trouble) were risk factors for CVT associated with icDAVF (OR 3.135, 95% CI 1.391-7.108, p = 0.003). One hundred eighty-seven patients (71.1%) had a baseline aggressive icDAVF, not linked to the presence of a CVT (p = 0.546). Of the overall population, 11 patients (4.2%) presented with spontaneous occlusion of their icDAVF at follow-up. Seven patients (2.7%) died during the follow-up period. Intracranial DAVF + CVT was not associated with a worse prognosis (modified Rankin Scale score at 3-6 months: 0 [interquartile range {IQR} 0-1] for icDAVF + CVT vs 0 [IQR 0-0] for icDAVF alone; p = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS: This was one of the largest studies focused on the incidence of CVT associated with icDAVF. For 6.8% of the patients, a natural history of CVT leading to icDAVF was proven, corresponding to 78.3% of patients with previous imaging available. This work offers further insights into icDAVF pathophysiology, aiding in identifying high-risk CVT patients for long-term follow-up imaging. Annual imaging follow-up using noninvasive vascular imaging (CT or MR angiography) for a minimum of 3 years after the diagnosis of CVT should be considered in high-risk patients, i.e., smokers and those with prothrombogenic status.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central , Venas Cerebrales , Trombosis Intracraneal , Trombosis de la Vena , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/complicaciones , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Trombosis Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis Intracraneal/epidemiología , Pronóstico , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis de la Vena/epidemiología , Trombosis de la Vena/terapia , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies suggest a bidirectional relationship of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We aimed to compare the characteristics of patients with DAVF with or without CVT and to analyze the risk factors for the coexistence of CVT in a DAVF population. METHODS: A total of 511 adult patients with DAVF were enrolled consecutively in our hospital from February 2019 through November 2022. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, and imaging characteristics were reviewed in detail. The patients with DAVF were divided into two groups: DAVF with CVT (DAVF-CVT) group and without CVT (DAVF alone) group. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for the coexistence of CVT and DAVF. RESULTS: CVT was found in 19.8% of patients with DAVF. In univariate analysis, compared with the DAVF-alone group, the DAVF-CVT group was more likely to have tinnitus ( P = .001), blurred vision ( P < .001), visual field loss ( P = .001), focal neurological deficits ( P = .002), seizures ( P = .008), and cognitive impairment ( P = .046) and less likely to have spinal cord/brain stem dysfunction ( P = .004). In addition, there were significant differences in age ( P = .009), sex ( P = .019), the occurrence of venous cerebral infarction ( P = .001), and DAVF location ( P < .001) between the two groups. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that blurred vision, venous cerebral infarction, large sinus DAVF, and multiple DAVF were risk factors for the coexistence of CVT in patients with DAVF, with the odds ratio of 2.416 (95% CI 1.267-4.606, P = .007), 6.018 (95% CI 1.289-28.100, P = .022), 5.801 (95% CI 2.494-13.496, P < .001), and 5.640 (95% CI 2.122-14.989, P = .001), respectively. CONCLUSION: CVT occurred in approximately one fifth of patients with DAVF. Blurred vision, venous cerebral infarction, large sinus DAVF, and multiple DAVF may be the risk factors for predicting the coexistence of CVT in patients with DAVF.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central , Trombosis Intracraneal , Trombosis de la Vena , Adulto , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Trombosis Intracraneal/complicaciones , Trombosis Intracraneal/epidemiología , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/complicaciones , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Trombosis de la Vena/complicaciones , Trombosis de la Vena/epidemiología , Infarto Cerebral/complicaciones , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal communications between meningeal arteries and dural venous sinuses and/or cortical veins. Although many fistulas are benign and do not require treatment, some may carry a significant risk of bleeding or cause symptoms and warrant treatment. This review provides a review of various aspects of intracranial DAVFs including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, classification, natural history, and management options. By exploring these topics, we aim to enhance understanding of this condition and facilitate patient care.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central , Embolización Terapéutica , Humanos , Senos Craneales , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Angiografía CerebralAsunto(s)
Fístula Arteriovenosa , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central , Embolización Terapéutica , Humanos , Prevalencia , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/terapia , Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Angiografía Cerebral , DuramadreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with cortical venous drainage are rare lesions that can present with hemorrhage. A high rate of rebleeding in the early period following hemorrhage has been reported, but published long-term rates are much lower. No study has examined how risk of rebleeding changes over time. Our objective was to quantify the relative incidence of rebleeding in the early and later periods following hemorrhage. METHODS: Patients with dural arteriovenous fistula and cortical venous drainage presenting with hemorrhage were identified from the multinational CONDOR (Consortium for Dural Fistula Outcomes Research) database. Natural history follow-up was defined as time from hemorrhage to first treatment, rebleed, or last follow-up. Rebleeding in the first 2 weeks and first year were compared using incidence rate ratio and difference. RESULTS: Of 1077 patients, 250 met the inclusion criteria and had 95 cumulative person-years natural history follow-up. The overall annualized rebleed rate was 7.3% (95% CI, 3.2-14.5). The incidence rate of rebleeding in the first 2 weeks was 0.0011 per person-day; an early rebleed risk of 1.6% in the first 14 days (95% CI, 0.3-5.1). For the remainder of the first year, the incidence rate was 0.00015 per person-day; a rebleed rate of 5.3% (CI, 1.7-12.4) over 1 year. The incidence rate ratio was 7.3 (95% CI, 1.4-37.7; P, 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of rebleeding of a dural arteriovenous fistula with cortical venous drainage presenting with hemorrhage is increased in the first 2 weeks justifying early treatment. However, the magnitude of this increase may be considerably lower than previously thought. Treatment within 5 days was associated with a low rate of rebleeding and appears an appropriate timeframe.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central , Embolización Terapéutica , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Angiografía Cerebral , Drenaje , Humanos , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de SaludRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To explore the prevalence, risk factors, time correlation, characteristics and clinical outcome of dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) in a cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) population. METHODS: We included patients from the International CVT Consortium registries. Diagnosis of dAVF was confirmed centrally. We assessed the prevalence and risk factors for dAVF among consecutive CVT patients and investigated its impact on clinical outcome using logistic regression analysis. We defined poor outcome as modified Rankin Scale score 3-6 at last follow-up. RESULTS: dAVF was confirmed in 29/1218 (2.4%) consecutive CVT patients. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up time was 8 (5-23) months. Patients with dAVF were older (median [IQR] 53 [44-61] vs. 41 [29-53] years; p < 0.001), more frequently male (69% vs. 33%; p < 0.001), more often had chronic clinical CVT onset (>30 days: 39% vs. 7%; p < 0.001) and sigmoid sinus thrombosis (86% vs. 51%; p < 0.001), and less frequently had parenchymal lesions (31% vs. 55%; p = 0.013) at baseline imaging. Clinical outcome at last follow-up did not differ between patients with and without dAVF. Additionally, five patients were confirmed with dAVF from non-consecutive CVT cohorts. Among all patients with CVT and dAVF, 17/34 (50%) had multiple fistulas and 23/34 (68%) had cortical venous drainage. Of 34 patients with dAVF with 36 separate CVT events, 3/36 fistulas (8%) were diagnosed prior to, 20/36 (56%) simultaneously and 13/36 after (36%, median 115 [IQR 38-337] days) diagnosis of CVT. CONCLUSIONS: Dural arteriovenous fistulas occur in at least 2% of CVT patients and are associated with chronic CVT onset, older age and male sex. Most CVT-related dAVFs are detected simultaneously or subsequently to diagnosis of CVT.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central , Trombosis Intracraneal , Trombosis de los Senos Intracraneales , Trombosis de la Vena , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/complicaciones , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Humanos , Trombosis Intracraneal/complicaciones , Trombosis Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis Intracraneal/epidemiología , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Trombosis de los Senos Intracraneales/complicaciones , Trombosis de los Senos Intracraneales/epidemiología , Trombosis de la Vena/complicaciones , Trombosis de la Vena/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: There is a reported elevated risk of cerebral aneurysms in patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs). However, the natural history, rate of spontaneous regression, and ideal treatment regimen are not well characterized. In this study, the authors aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with dAVFs and intracranial aneurysms and propose a classification system. METHODS: The Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR) database from 12 centers was retrospectively reviewed. Analysis was performed to compare dAVF patients with (dAVF+ cohort) and without (dAVF-only cohort) concomitant aneurysm. Aneurysms were categorized based on location as a dAVF flow-related aneurysm (FRA) or a dAVF non-flow-related aneurysm (NFRA), with further classification as extra- or intradural. Patients with traumatic pseudoaneurysms or aneurysms with associated arteriovenous malformations were excluded from the analysis. Patient demographics, dAVF anatomical information, aneurysm information, and follow-up data were collected. RESULTS: Of the 1077 patients, 1043 were eligible for inclusion, comprising 978 (93.8%) and 65 (6.2%) in the dAVF-only and dAVF+ cohorts, respectively. There were 96 aneurysms in the dAVF+ cohort; 10 patients (1%) harbored 12 FRAs, and 55 patients (5.3%) harbored 84 NFRAs. Dural AVF+ patients had higher rates of smoking (59.3% vs 35.2%, p < 0.001) and illicit drug use (5.8% vs 1.5%, p = 0.02). Sixteen dAVF+ patients (24.6%) presented with aneurysm rupture, which represented 16.7% of the total aneurysms. One patient (1.5%) had aneurysm rupture during follow-up. Patients with dAVF+ were more likely to have a dAVF located in nonconventional locations, less likely to have arterial supply to the dAVF from external carotid artery branches, and more likely to have supply from pial branches. Rates of cortical venous drainage and Borden type distributions were comparable between cohorts. A minority (12.5%) of aneurysms were FRAs. The majority of the aneurysms underwent treatment via either endovascular (36.5%) or microsurgical (15.6%) technique. A small proportion of aneurysms managed conservatively either with or without dAVF treatment spontaneously regressed (6.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dAVF have a similar risk of harboring a concomitant intracranial aneurysm unrelated to the dAVF (5.3%) compared with the general population (approximately 2%-5%) and a rare risk (0.9%) of harboring an FRA. Only 50% of FRAs are intradural. Dural AVF+ patients have differences in dAVF angioarchitecture. A subset of dAVF+ patients harbor FRAs that may regress after dAVF treatment.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central , Embolización Terapéutica , Aneurisma Intracraneal , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/complicaciones , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/complicaciones , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Intracraneal/terapia , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Congenital hypoplasia or aplasia of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery is associated with an increased incidence of berry aneurysms at the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) complex. We analyzed the factors contributing to ACoA aneurysm rupture. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with ACoA aneurysms who had undergone cerebral angiography from July 2008 to January 2020. The risk factors for rupture were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. We used the imaging data of patients without intracranial aneurysms as the control population. RESULTS: We confirmed 253 aneurysms in 253 patients, including 137 men (54.2%) and 116 women (45.8%), with a mean age of 54.6 ± 12.7 years. Of the 253 aneurysms, 218 (86.2%) were ruptured and 35 (13.8%) were unruptured, with a mean diameter of 4.56 ± 1.96 mm and 3.24 ± 1.79 mm, respectively. Of the 253 aneurysms, 176 (69.6%) were <5 mm in diameter, 146 (83%) of which were ruptured. Of the 253 patients, 141 (55.7%) exhibited A1 segment hypoplasia or aplasia: 106 (41.9%) on the right side of the circle of Willis and 35 (13.8%) on the left. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the aneurysm diameter (odds ratio, 4.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.601-16.07; P = 0.003) and age <65 years (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.062-0.48; P < 0.001) as independent predictors of rupture. CONCLUSIONS: ACoA aneurysms are small (<5 mm) and have a high risk of rupture. A1 segment hypoplasia or aplasia is a risk factor for ACoA aneurysm formation; however, it was uncorrelated with aneurysm diameter or rupture risk. The strongest independent risk factors for rupture were age <65 years and aneurysm diameter.
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Aneurisma Roto/epidemiología , Arteria Cerebral Anterior/anomalías , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Aneurisma Intracraneal/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Angiografía Cerebral , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Factores de Riesgo , Rotura EspontáneaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) can develop secondary to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). The incidence of DAVF has not yet been investigated prospectively. METHODS: Between July 2012 and January 2018, combined static and dynamic 4D MR venography (4D-combo-MRV) was performed in 24 consecutive patients at diagnosis of CVT and after 6 months. 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging with time of flight and contrast-enhanced magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo were performed at baseline to evaluate the extent of thrombosis and affected vessel segments. Baseline and follow-up 4D-combo-MRV were assessed for signs of DAVF. Interrater reliability of DAVF detection and the extent of recanalization were analyzed with kappa statistics. RESULTS: DAVFs were detected in 4/30 CVT patients (13.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3-26.7). Two of 24 patients (8.3%, 95% CI: 0-20.8) had coincidental DAVF with CVT on admission. At follow-up, de novo formation of DAVF following CVT was seen in 2/24 patients (8.3%, 95% CI: 0-20.8). Both de novo DAVFs were low grade and benign fistulae (Cognard type 1, 2a), which had developed at previously thrombosed segments. Endovascular treatment was required in two high degree lesions (Cognard 2a + b) detected at baseline and in one de novo DAVF (Cognard 1) because of debilitating headache and tinnitus. Thrombus load, vessel recanalization, and frequency of cerebral lesions (hemorrhage, ischemia) were not associated with DAVF occurrence. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study showed that de novo DAVF formation occurs more frequently than previously described. Although de novo DAVFs were benign, 75% of all detected DAVFs required endovascular treatment. Therefore, screening for DAVF by dynamic MRV, such as 4D-combo-MRV, seems worthwhile in CVT patients.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía Cerebral , Trombosis Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética , Flebografía , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/terapia , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Femenino , Alemania/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Trombosis Intracraneal/epidemiología , Trombosis Intracraneal/terapia , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Resultado del Tratamiento , Trombosis de la Vena/epidemiología , Trombosis de la Vena/terapiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease due to vascular malformations represents an emergency for neurosurgery and neuro-interventional departments. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a dramatic reduction in the number of hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction or stroke and a larger time interval from symptom onset to first medical contact have been reported. This study aims to verify the hypothesis that there would also have been a reduction of admissions for hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease during the Italian lockdown. MATERIAL AND METHOD: s A multicenter, observational survey was conducted to collect data on hospital admissions for hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease due to vascular malformations throughout two-months (March 15th to May 15th); the years 2020 (COVID-19 Italian lockdown), 2019 and 2018 were compared. Cases were identified by ICD-9 codes 430, 431, 432.1, 432.9, 747.81 of each hospital database. The statistical significance of the difference between the event rate of one year versus the others was evaluated using Poisson Means test, assuming a constant population. RESULTS: During the 2020 lockdown, the total number of admissions for hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease was 92 compared with 116 in 2019 and 95 in 2018. This difference was not significant. GCS upon admission was 3-8 in 44 % of cases in 2020 (41 patients), 39.7 % in 2019 (46 patients) and 28 % in 2018 (27 patients). CONCLUSION: Reduction of admissions for hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease due to vascular malformations during the COVID-19 lockdown was not confirmed. Nevertheless, some patients reached the emergency rooms only several days after symptoms onset, resulting in a worse clinical condition at admission.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Cerebral/epidemiología , Cuarentena/tendencias , COVID-19 , Humanos , Incidencia , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas Intracraneales/diagnóstico , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas Intracraneales/epidemiología , Italia/epidemiología , Malformaciones Vasculares/diagnóstico , Malformaciones Vasculares/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Balloon-assisted coiling (BAC) is an endovascular treatment that may be associated with increased complications and thromboembolic events compared with other coiling techniques. We compared clinical outcomes of endovascular treatment (simple coiling, stent-assisted coiling, and BAC) in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms at the internal carotid artery and assessed risk factors that could cause cerebral infarction in patients who underwent BAC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 528 patients with 544 aneurysms who underwent endovascular treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms between January 2013 and November 2019. Demographic features, clinical information, balloon inflation time, fetal posterior cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery (ACA) variants, and angiographic results were analyzed to determine risk factors for cerebral infarction. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in terms of general characteristics. In the BAC group, 14 of 39 patients showed a significantly higher incidence of cerebral infarction on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging compared with the stent-assisted coiling (37/238) and simple coiling (21/267) groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the ACA variants (normal vs. hypoplasia or aplasia) and cerebral infarction in the simple coiling and stent-assisted coiling groups, but the proportion of aplasia or hypoplasia in the BAC group was significantly higher (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant association between anatomic ACA variants and cerebral infarction occurrence after BAC. Identifying the variant of the anatomic ACA using digital subtraction angiography would help to predict cerebral infarction after BAC.
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Variación Anatómica , Arteria Cerebral Anterior/anomalías , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/cirugía , Arteria Carótida Interna/cirugía , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Infarto Cerebral/epidemiología , Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Angiografía de Substracción Digital , Arteria Cerebral Anterior/diagnóstico por imagen , Oclusión con Balón , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía Cerebral , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , StentsRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This analysis examined the frequency of dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF) after cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in patients included in a randomized controlled trial comparing dabigatran etexilate with dose-adjusted warfarin (RE-SPECT CVT [A Clinical Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Dabigatran Etexilate With Warfarin in Patients With Cerebral Venous and Dural Sinus Thrombosis]), who had systematic follow-up magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. METHODS: RE-SPECT CVT was a Phase 3, prospective, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, multicenter, exploratory trial with blinded end point adjudication. We allocated patients with acute CVT to dabigatran 150 mg twice daily or dose-adjusted warfarin, for 24 weeks and obtained a standardized MR protocol including time-of-flight MR angiography, 3-dimensional phase-contrast venography, and 3-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR venography at the end of the treatment period. A blinded adjudication committee assessed the presence of dAVF in a predefined substudy of the trial. RESULTS: We analyzed development of dAVF in 112 of 120 randomized patients; 57 allocated to dabigatran and 55 to warfarin. For 3 (2.7%) of these 112 patients, quality of follow-up imaging was insufficient to evaluate dAVF. A dAVF (Borden I) was found in 1 patient (0.9%) allocated to warfarin; however, this dAVF was already present at baseline. The patient did not present with hemorrhage at baseline or during the trial and was asymptomatic at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Despite systematic imaging, we found no new dAVF 6 months after CVT. Routine follow-up cerebral MR angiography aiming to detect new dAVF 6 months after CVT has a very low yield. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02913326.
Asunto(s)
Fístula Arteriovenosa/epidemiología , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Trombosis de los Senos Intracraneales/epidemiología , Trombosis de la Vena/epidemiología , Adulto , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Antitrombinas/uso terapéutico , Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía Cerebral , Venas Cerebrales , Senos Craneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Dabigatrán/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Trombosis Intracraneal/tratamiento farmacológico , Trombosis Intracraneal/epidemiología , Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Arterias Meníngeas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Prevención Secundaria , Trombosis de los Senos Intracraneales/tratamiento farmacológico , Trombosis de la Vena/tratamiento farmacológico , Warfarina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of brain MRI abnormalities in people with epilepsy in rural China and to compare it with that of individuals in the United Kingdom. METHODS: Brain MRI scans were obtained in people with epilepsy who participated in a rural community-based program in China between July 2010 and December 2012. Individual epileptogenic lesion types were reviewed and their associations with seizure control examined. The MRI findings were compared with 2 previous similar studies in the United Kingdom. RESULTS: Among the 597 individuals (58% male, median age 38 years) with MRI scans analyzed, 488 (82%) had active epilepsy. The MRI was abnormal in 389 individuals (65%), with potentially epileptogenic lesion in 224 (38%) and nonspecific abnormalities in 165 (28%), and 108 (18%) were potentially resectable. The potentially epileptogenic lesions were less frequently detected in children (<18 years old, 12 of 68, 18%) than in adults (212 of 529, 40%; p < 0.001). In people with potentially epileptogenic lesions, 67% (150 of 224) had failed ≥2 antiseizure medications. They had higher risk of uncontrolled epilepsy than those with normal MRI (risk ratio [RR] 1.25; p < 0.001) and those with nonspecific abnormality (RR 1.15; p = 0.002) after adjustment for age and sex. The diagnostic yield of MRI was similar to that reported in community- and hospital-based studies in the United Kingdom. CONCLUSIONS: More than one-third of people with chronic epilepsy in rural China have potentially epileptogenic lesions identifiable on brain MRI, with two-thirds fulfilling the definition of pharmacoresistance. These findings highlight the magnitude of the unmet needs for epilepsy surgery in China.
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Encefalomalacia/epidemiología , Epilepsia/epidemiología , Gliosis/epidemiología , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Encefálicas/epidemiología , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , China/epidemiología , Epilepsia Refractaria , Encefalomalacia/diagnóstico por imagen , Epilepsia/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Gliosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico por imagen , Prevalencia , Población Rural , Esclerosis , Lóbulo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Temporal/patología , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Brain capillary telangiectasias (BCTs) are small, dilated capillary networks in the brain that are most commonly asymptomatic. Though rare, symptomatic cases of BCTs have been reported, and it is therefore important to understand the nature of these lesions in order to facilitate proper recognition. Relative to other intracranial vascular malformations, updated information on the various epidemiologic, radiographic, and pathologic features of BCTs within the published literature may be inadequate. METHODS: We searched the PubMed database for prior reports of symptomatically-manifested BCTs. Moreover, Google Scholar and PubMed were searched in order to review current epidemiologic, radiographic, pathologic, and pathogenetic features of BCTs. RESULTS: Forty-eight published studies were included for a total of 99 individual cases of BCTs with symptomatic manifestations. Thirty-three symptomatic BCTs were hemorrhagic in nature, while 66 were non-hemorrhagic. The mean age at presentation of hemorrhagic lesions was 25.5 years, and the most common location was the supratentorial CNS (54.5%) with motor disturbance representing the most commonly encountered presenting symptom (26.1%). 15.2% of hemorrhagic lesions were treated with surgical removal. In non-hemorrhagic lesions, the mean age at presentation was 39.8 years with the pons being the most common lesion location (78.5%) and headache being the most common presenting symptom (22.2%). 12.1% of patients with non-hemorrhagic lesions were treated with surgical removal. CONCLUSIONS: Despite their rarity, symptomatic BCTs, both hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic, can cause devastating neurological sequelae, potentially through multiple mechanisms. The large majority of these lesions do not require intervention, though surgical removal has been achieved with good outcome in select cases. Further documentation of symptomatic manifestations with or without surgical intervention is vital in order to further understand the clinical, surgical, and pathogenic implications of these less-appreciated vascular malformations.
Asunto(s)
Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Factores de Edad , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , HumanosRESUMEN
Cerebral developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are variations of venous vascular anatomy related to an underdevelopment of either the superficial or deep venous emissary system, resulting in a dilated transmedullary vein fed by multiple smaller venous radicles responsible for drainage of normal brain parenchyma. While typically benign and found incidentally on imaging studies, DVAs can rarely be symptomatic. The radiographic appearance of DVAs, as well as their symptomatic manifestations, is diverse. Herein, we will discuss the pathophysiology of symptomatic DVAs while providing illustrative case examples depicting each of their pathogenic mechanisms.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Venas Cerebrales/patología , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/etiología , Venas Cerebrales/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: No link has been demonstrated between diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and developmental venous anomaly in pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of developmental venous anomaly in a pediatric cohort of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study (1998-2017) of consecutive pediatric patients harboring a diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (experimental set, n = 162) or a craniopharyngioma (control set, n = 142) in a tertiary pediatric neurosurgical center. The inclusion criteria were the following: age <18 yr at diagnosis; histopathological diagnosis of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma or craniopharyngioma according to the 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system; no previous oncological treatment; and available preoperative magnetic resonance imaging performed with similar acquisition protocol. RESULTS: We found a significantly higher prevalence of developmental venous anomaly in the experimental set of 162 diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (24.1%) than in the control set of 142 craniopharyngiomas (10.6%; P = .001). The prevalence of developmental venous anomalies was not significantly impacted by demographic data (sex, age at diagnosis, and underlying pathological condition), biomolecular analysis (H3-K27M-mutant subgroup, H3.1-K27M-mutant subgroup, and H3.3-K27M-mutant subgroup), or imaging findings (anatomic location, anatomic extension, side, and obstructive hydrocephalus) of the studied diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. CONCLUSION: We report a higher prevalence of developmental venous anomaly in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma patients than in control patients, which suggests a potential underlying common predisposition or a causal relationship that will require deeper investigations.
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Neoplasias del Tronco Encefálico/complicaciones , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/complicaciones , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Glioma Pontino Intrínseco Difuso/complicaciones , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Prevalencia , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most common and the largest persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis. Primitive trigeminal artery variants (PTAVs) are anastomoses between the internal carotid artery and cerebellar arteries. These vessels pose a risk of hemorrhagic or ischemic complications during neurosurgical procedures in the parasellar and intrasellar regions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of both PTA and PTAVs and their clinically important anatomic features. METHODS: Major electronic databases were thoroughly searched for studies on PTA and PTAV. References in the included articles were also evaluated. Data regarding prevalence, laterality, origin, course patterns, and associated anomalies were extracted and pooled into a meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 39 studies (110,866 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The total pooled prevalence estimate of PTA and PTAVs combined was 0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-0.5). Individually, PTA was present in 0.3% of patients and PTAV in 0.2%. Both arteries most often originated from the C4 internal carotid artery and took a course lateral to the dorsum sellae. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery type was the predominant PTAV (72.1%). Basilar artery hypoplasia was found in 42.5% of patients with a PTA. CONCLUSIONS: PTA and PTAVs are rare vessels, but they are clinically important because they can contribute to trigeminal neuralgia. Knowledge of the potential course of these arteries is essential in neuroradiology and neurosurgery, especially in minimally invasive procedures such as the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary gland and the percutaneous gasserian ganglion procedure.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Arterias Cerebrales/anomalías , Arteria Basilar/embriología , Variación Biológica Individual , Arteria Carótida Interna/embriología , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/complicaciones , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Cerebelo/irrigación sanguínea , Arterias Cerebrales/embriología , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/etiología , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
A subgroup analysis of spinal vascular lesions registered in the Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy 2 (JR-NET2) and JR-NET3 was performed. About 172 analyzable cases of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) were assessed, including the characteristics, treatment strategy, and treatment outcome. SDAVF was more common in middle-aged and older males. The most commonly affected area was the thoracolumbosacral region (83.7%), and most cases had a non-hemorrhagic onset (89.0%). Complete obliteration was achieved in 54.7%. Treatment-related complications occurred in three patients (7.0%). Post-treatment neurological improvement was achieved in 48.3%. The primary endpoint [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2 on postoperative day 30] was achieved in 60.5% of the cases. As a new discovery, the incidence of cervical SDAVF increased from 1.8% in JR-NET2 to 19.7% in JR-NET3. Compared with non-cervical SDAVF, cervical SDAVF was characterized by a higher proportion of hemorrhagic onset (P <0.01), incomplete obliteration of the shunt (P <0.01), and embolization-related complications (P = 0.01). Overall, a mRS of 0-2 on postoperative day 30 was correlated with a pre-treatment mRS of 0-2 (P <0.01) in a univariate analysis. Complete obliteration of the shunt was the only predictor of postoperative neurological improvement (P = 0.001) in a multivariate analysis. Endovascular treatment for SDAVF has been safely administered in Japan. The incidence of cervical SDAVF, which has more aggressive features, appears to be increasing. Early diagnosis and complete obliteration of the shunt are important for improving the treatment outcomes of patients with SDAVF.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/terapia , Embolización Terapéutica , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Vértebras Cervicales , Embolización Terapéutica/efectos adversos , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Vértebras Lumbares , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Sistema de Registros , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Distribución por Sexo , Vértebras Torácicas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) in older patients (≥65 years) compared with younger patients (age <65 years). METHODS: Two groups with a total of 96 patients were selected from a database of 133 patients with dAVF from 9 international medical centers with a minimum 6 months follow-up. A 1:2 propensity matching was performed by nearest-neighbor matching criteria based on sex, Borden grade, maximum radiation dose given, and location. The older cohort consisted of 32 patients and the younger cohort consisted of 64 patients. The mean overall follow-up in the combined cohort was 42.4 months (range, 6-210 months). RESULTS: In the older cohort, a transverse sinus location was found to significantly predict dAVF obliteration (P = 0.01). The post-SRS actuarial 3-year and 5-year obliteration rates were 47.7% and 78%, respectively. There were no cases of post-SRS hemorrhage. In the younger cohort, the cavernous sinus location was found to significantly predict obliteration (P = 0.005). The 3-year and 5-year actuarial obliteration rates were 56% and 70%, respectively. Five patients (7.8%) hemorrhaged after SRS. Margin dose ≥25 Gy was predictive of unfavorable outcome. The obliteration rate (P = 0.3), post-SRS hemorrhage rate (P = 0.16), and persistent symptoms after SRS (P = 0.83) were not statistically different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: SRS achieves obliteration in most older patients with dAVF, with an acceptable rate of complication. There was no increased risk of postradiosurgery complications in the older cohort compared with the younger patients.
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Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/radioterapia , Radiocirugia , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Seno Cavernoso/anomalías , Seno Cavernoso/efectos de la radiación , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Puntaje de Propensión , Senos Transversos/anomalías , Senos Transversos/efectos de la radiación , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective- Carotid high-risk plaque, characterized by intraplaque hemorrhage, fibrous cap rupture, and large lipid-rich necrotic core, is associated with cerebrovascular events. This study sought to investigate the relationship between high-risk carotid plaque and an incomplete circle of Willis (COW). Approach and Results- Patients were recruited from a multicenter study, Chinese Atherosclerosis Risk Evaluation (CARE-II) and underwent 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography for intracranial arteries and 2-dimensional multicontrast magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging for carotid arteries on a 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner. The integrity of the COW in anterior and posterior portions was evaluated. Characteristics of carotid plaques were assessed. Correlation between incomplete COW and carotid plaque features was determined. Of 482 eligible patients, patients with carotid intraplaque hemorrhage showed significantly higher prevalence of an incomplete anterior COW (52.7% versus 38.5%; P=0.022) compared with those without. An incomplete anterior COW was associated with intraplaque hemorrhage before (odds ratio, 1.781; 95% CI, 1.083-2.931; P=0.023) and after adjusted for clinical risk factors (odds ratio, 1.945; 95% CI, 1.139-3.321; P=0.015). The unilateral carotid artery stenosis showed no correlation with incomplete anterior COW and posterior COW (all P>0.025). No significant associations were found between other plaque features and any type of incomplete COW (all P>0.025). Conclusions- An incomplete COW is independently associated with intraplaque hemorrhage of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02017756.