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We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of Cefazolin inoculum effect (CInE) among clinical MSSA isolates in Japan. Although 35.5 % (39 isolates) were positive for the blaZ gene, none met the phenotypic criteria for CInE. Our findings suggested a very low prevalence of CInE among MSSA isolates in our clinical setting.
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Antibacterianos , Cefazolina , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Staphylococcus aureus , Cefazolina/farmacología , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Japón , Meticilina/farmacología , beta-Lactamasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Pet food have been considered as possible vehicles of bacterial pathogens. The sudden boom of the pet food industry due to the worldwide increase in companion animal ownership calls for pet food investigations. Herein, this study aimed to determine the frequency, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and molecular characteristics of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in different pet food brands in Brazil. Eighty-six pet food packages were screened for CoNS. All isolates were identified at species level by MALDI-TOF MS and species-specific PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion and broth microdilution (vancomycin and teicoplanin only) methods. The D-test was used to screen for inducible clindamycin phenotype (MLS-B). SCCmec typing and detection of mecA, vanA, vanB, and virulence-encoding genes were done by PCR. A total of 16 (18.6 %) CoNS isolates were recovered from pet food samples. Isolates were generally multidrug-resistant (MDR). All isolates were completely resistant (100 %) to penicillin. Resistances (12.5 % - 75 %) were also observed for fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, rifampicin, erythromycin, and tobramycin. Isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (MICs <0.25-1 µg/mL) and teicoplanin (MICs <0.25-4 µg/mL). Intriguingly, 3/8 (37.5 %) CoNS isolates with the ERYRCLIS antibiotype expressed MLS-B phenotype. All isolates harboured blaZ gene. Seven (43.8 %) isolates carried mecA; and among them, the SCCmec Type III was the most frequent (n = 5/7; 71.4 %). Isolates also harboured seb, see, seg, sej, sem, etb, tsst, pvl, and hla toxin virulence-encoding genes (6.3 % - 25 %). A total of 12/16 (75 %) isolates were biofilm producers, while the icaAB gene was detected in an S. pasteuri isolate. Herein, it is shown that pet food is a potential source of clinically important Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MLS-B phenotype and MR-CoNS in pet food in Latin America.
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Antibacterianos , Clindamicina , Coagulasa , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus/genética , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Coagulasa/metabolismo , Animales , Clindamicina/farmacología , Meticilina/farmacología , Alimentación Animal/microbiología , Microbiología de Alimentos , Mascotas/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genéticaRESUMEN
Pathogenic bacteria, including drug-resistant variants such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), can cause severe infections in the human body. Early detection of MRSA is essential for clinical diagnosis and proper treatment, considering the distinct therapeutic strategies for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA infections. However, the similarities between MRSA and MSSA properties present a challenge in promptly and accurately distinguishing between them. This work introduces an approach to differentiate MRSA from MSSA utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in conjunction with a neural network-based classification model. Four distinct strains of S. aureus were utilized, comprising three MSSA strains and one MRSA strain. The classification accuracy of our model ranges from ~ 92 to ~ 97% for each strain. We used deep SHapley Additive exPlanations to reveal the unique feature peaks for each bacterial strain. Furthermore, Fe3O4 MNPs were used as affinity probes for sample enrichment to eliminate the overnight culture and reduce the time in sample preparation. The limit of detection of the MNP-based affinity approach toward S. aureus combined with our machine learning strategy was as low as ~ 8 × 103 CFU mL-1. The feasibility of using the current approach for the identification of S. aureus in juice samples was also demonstrated.
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Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus , Meticilina , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción , Aprendizaje AutomáticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inevitably, the floors of mosques are contaminated with microorganisms, and the risk of pathogen transmission is probably high between the many visitors, but the issue has been infrequently studied. OBJECTIVES: Investigate microorganism variety and risk of contamination on commonly used carpets and rosaries (prayer beads). DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTINGS: Mosques. METHODS: This study was carried out in three different cities of Turkey in 2023, focusing on mosques located around hospitals. Forty mosques were included in the study and from each mosque 10 samples were collected from various parts of carpets and rosaries. The number of positive culture isolates were identified. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diversity and distribution of microorganisms isolated from mosque carpets and rosaries; methicillin-resistance rates in Staphylococci. SAMPLE SIZE: 400 samples. RESULTS: Growth was observed in 368 (92%) of 400 samples examined. The microorganisms isolated in the highest number were methicillin-susceptible coagulase negative Staphylococci (MSCoNS) (59.8%), Microcooccus (41%) and diphtheroids (31.3%). The rates of total growth (P=.001), including diphtheroids (P=.018), methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (P=.001), Bacillus spp. (P=.036) and Aspergillus spp. (P=.002) rates were significantly higher in the rosary samples than carpet samples. At mosques in Tokat, a province center, 4 samples were positive for Acinetobacter baumannii, two samples were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one sample for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and these were isolated from rosaries. 0.3% of Staphylococcus isolates were MRSA. CONCLUSION: As there is a high risk of contamination of carpets and prayer beads on the mosque floor with human flora, the use of appropriate hygiene practices is necessary. We also found some emerging bacteria in addition to the normal human flora. LIMITATIONS: Our study was conducted in three provinces. Further studies might cover a wider geography.
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Coagulasa , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Pisos y Cubiertas de Piso , MeticilinaRESUMEN
The accurate and rapid detection of methicillin-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) holds significant clinical importance. However, the methicillin-resistance detection strategies commonly require complicated cell lysis and gene extraction. Herein, we devised a novel colorimetric approach for the sensitive and accurate identification of methicillin-resistance of SA by combining allosteric probe-based target recognition with self-primer elongation-based target recycling. The PBP2a aptamer in the allosteric probe successfully identified the target MRSA, leading to the initiation of self-primer elongation based-cascade signal amplification. The peroxidase-like hemin/G-quadruplex undergo an isothermal autonomous process that effectively catalyzes the oxidation of ABTS2- and produces a distinct blue color, enabling the visual identification of MRSA at low concentrations. The method offers a shorter duration for bacteria cultivation compared to traditional susceptibility testing methods, as well as simplified manual procedures for gene analysis. The overall amplification time for this test is 60 min, and it has a detection limit of 3 CFU/ml. In addition, the approach has exceptional selectivity and reproducibility, demonstrating commendable performance when tested with real samples. Due to its advantages, this colorimetric assay exhibits considerable potential for integration into a sensor kit, thereby offering a viable and convenient alternative for the prompt and on-site detection of MRSA in patients with skin and soft tissue infections.
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Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Resistencia a la Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Colorimetría , Meticilina , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The empirical treatment of infective endocarditis is still debated. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of empirical treatment with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP) or cefazolin vs. other treatments in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) endocarditis. METHODS: A post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized in a French reference centre with MSSA endocarditis was conducted between 2013 and 2022. The primary outcome was the duration of bacteraemia under treatment. RESULTS: Of the 208 patients included, 101 patients (48.6%) were classified in the reference group (ASP or cefazolin) and 107 (52.4%) in the non-reference group. Empirical treatment with ASP/cefazolin was associated with a shorter duration of bacteraemia compared to other treatments (3.6 d vs. 4.6 d, P = 0.01). This difference was not corrected by the addition of an aminoglycoside (3.6 d vs. 4.7 d, P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, empirical treatment with ASP/cefazolin was associated with a duration of bacteraemia ≤72 h (P = 0.02), whereas endocarditis on native valves (P = 0.01), and intracardiac abscess were associated with longer duration of bacteraemia (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Empirical treatment of endocarditis with ASP or Cefazolin is more effective than other treatments in MSSA endocarditis, even when the other treatments are combined with aminoglycosides.
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Bacteriemia , Endocarditis Bacteriana , Endocarditis , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Humanos , Cefazolina/uso terapéutico , Meticilina/farmacología , Meticilina/uso terapéutico , Estudios Prospectivos , Staphylococcus aureus , Estudios de Cohortes , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Endocarditis Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Endocarditis/tratamiento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat with significant impact on treatment outcomes. The World Health Organization's Global Action Plan on AMR recommended strengthening the evidence base through surveillance programs and research. Comprehensive, timely data on AMR for organisms isolated from ocular infections are needed to guide treatment decisions and inform researchers and microbiologists of emerging trends. This article aims to provide an update on the development of AMR in ocular organisms, AMR in bacterial ocular infections and on AMR stewardship programs globally. The most common ocular pathogens are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae in ocular infections. A variety of studies and a few surveillance programs worldwide have reported on AMR in these infections over time. Fluoroquinolone resistance has increased particularly in Asia and North America. For conjunctivitis, the ARMOR cumulative study in the USA reported a slight decrease in resistance to ciprofloxacin. For keratitis, resistance to methicillin has remained stable for S. aureus and CoNS, while resistance to ciprofloxacin has decreased for MRSA globally. Methicillin-resistance and multidrug resistance are also emerging, requiring ongoing monitoring. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes have a critical role in reducing the threat of AMR and improving treatment outcomes. To be successful AMS must be informed by up-to-date AMR surveillance data. As a profession it is timely for ophthalmology to act to prevent AMR leading to greater visual loss through supporting surveillance programmes and establishing AMS.
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Antibacterianos , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo , Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Meticilina/uso terapéutico , Staphylococcus aureus , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/microbiología , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
This paper presents the results of research on the impact of graphene paper on selected bacterial strains. Graphene oxide, from which graphene paper is made, has mainly bacteriostatic properties. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to determine the possibility of using graphene paper as a carrier of a medicinal substance. Studies of the degree of bacterial inhibition were performed on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Graphene paper was analyzed not only in the state of delivery but also after the incorporation of the antibiotics ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, and methicillin into its structures. In addition, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, contact angle, and microscopic analysis of bacteria on the surface of the examined graphene paper samples were also performed. Studies have shown that graphene paper with built-in ciprofloxacin had a bactericidal effect on the strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In contrast, methicillin, as well as cefazolin, deposited on graphene paper acted mainly locally. Studies have shown that graphene paper can be used as a carrier of selected medicinal substances.
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Grafito , Infecciones por Pseudomonas , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Humanos , Cefazolina/farmacología , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Meticilina/farmacología , Grafito/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus , Bacterias , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Pseudomonas aeruginosaRESUMEN
The application of computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) approaches has enabled the discovery of new antimicrobial therapeutic agents in the past. The high prevalence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains promoted this pathogen to a high-priority pathogen for drug development. In this sense, modern CADD techniques can be valuable tools for the search for new antimicrobial agents. We employed a combination of a series of machine learning (ML) techniques to select and evaluate potential compounds with antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA strains. In the present study, we describe the antibacterial activity of six compounds against MSSA and MRSA reference (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)) strains as well as two clinical strains of MRSA. These compounds showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the range from 12.5 to 200 µM against the different bacterial strains evaluated. Our results constitute relevant proven ML-workflow models to distinctively screen for novel MRSA antibiotics.
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Antibacterianos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus , Meticilina/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Purulent pericarditis (PP)- a purulent infection involving the pericardial space-requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis as it often lacks characteristic signs of pericarditis and carries a mortality rate as high as 40% even with treatment. Common risk factors include immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, thoracic surgery, malignancy, and uremia. Most reported cases of PP occur in individuals with predisposing risk factors, such as immunosuppression, and result from more commonly observed preceding infections, such as pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and meningitis. We report a case of PP due to asymptomatic bacteriuria in a previously immunocompetent individual on a short course of high-dose steroids. CASE PRESENTATION: An 81-year-old male presented for severe epigastric pain that worsened with inspiration. He had been on high-dose prednisone for presumed inflammatory hip pain. History was notable for urinary retention requiring intermittent self-catheterization and asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infections due to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). During the index admission he was found to have a moderate pericardial effusion. Pericardial fluid cultures grew MSSA that had an identical antibiogram to that of the urine cultures. A diagnosis of purulent pericarditis was made. CONCLUSION: PP requires a high index of suspicion, especially in hosts with atypical risk factors. This is the second case of PP occurring as a result of asymptomatic MSSA bacteriuria. Through reporting this case we hope to highlight the importance of early recognition of PP and the clinical implications of asymptomatic MSSA bacteriuria in the setting of urinary instrumentation and steroid use.
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Bacteriuria , Mediastinitis , Derrame Pericárdico , Pericarditis , Esclerosis , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Masculino , Humanos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Meticilina/uso terapéutico , Staphylococcus aureus , Bacteriuria/complicaciones , Bacteriuria/patología , Pericardio/patología , Pericarditis/diagnóstico , Pericarditis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Derrame Pericárdico/terapia , Derrame Pericárdico/tratamiento farmacológico , DolorRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a common pathogen associated with healthcare-acquired infections, and robust infection prevention and control protocols exist in human healthcare settings. In contrast, infection prevention and control (IPC) standards are limited in veterinary medicine, necessitating further investigation. AIM: Examine the possible transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. in a veterinary practice where a cat was diagnosed with an OXA-23-producing A. baumannii ST2 strain. METHODS: Environmental samples together with nasal and hand swabs from the veterinary personnel were collected. All swabs were screened for the presence of extended-spectrum-ß-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, meticillin-resistant staphylococcus and multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for carbapenemase-producing strains. RESULTS: Of the veterinary staff, 60% carried meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Environmental evaluation showed that 40% (N=6/15) of the surfaces analysed by contact plates and 40% (N=8/20) by swabs failed the hygiene criteria. Assessment of the surfaces revealed contamination with five OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter spp. strains: an OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter schindleri on the weight scale in the waiting room; and four OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter lwoffii strains, on different surfaces of the treatment room. The blaOXA-23 gene was located on the same plasmid-carrying Tn2008 across the different Acinetobacter spp. strains. These plasmids closely resemble a previously described OXA-23-encoding plasmid from a human Portuguese nosocomial Acinetobacter pittii isolate. Distinctly, the OXA-23-producing A. baumannii ST2 clinical strain had the resistant gene located on Tn2006, possibly inserted on the chromosome. CONCLUSION: The detection of an OXA-23-producing A. baumannii ST2 veterinary clinical strain is of concern for companion animal health and infection, prevention and control. This study established the dynamic of transmission of the plasmid-mediated blaOXA-23 gene on critical surfaces of a small animal veterinary practice. The genetic resemblance to a plasmid found in human nosocomial settings suggests a potential One Health link.
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Infecciones por Acinetobacter , Acinetobacter baumannii , Infección Hospitalaria , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Salud Única , Animales , Humanos , Proteína 1 Similar al Receptor de Interleucina-1 , Meticilina , Infecciones por Acinetobacter/epidemiología , Infecciones por Acinetobacter/prevención & control , Infecciones por Acinetobacter/veterinaria , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , beta-Lactamasas/genética , beta-Lactamasas/análisis , Acinetobacter baumannii/genética , Carbapenémicos , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Infección Hospitalaria/veterinaria , AntibacterianosRESUMEN
We previously demonstrated that mutation of sarA in Staphylococcus aureus limits biofilm formation, cytotoxicity for osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and virulence in osteomyelitis, and that all of these phenotypes can be attributed to the increased production of extracellular proteases. Here we extend these studies to assess the individual importance of these proteases alone and in combination with each other using the methicillin-resistant USA300 strain LAC, the methicillin-susceptible USA200 strain UAMS-1, and isogenic sarA mutants that were also unable to produce aureolysin (Aur), staphopain A (ScpA), staphylococcal serine protease A (subsp.), staphopain B (SspB), and the staphylococcal serine protease-like proteins A-F (SplA-F). Biofilm formation was restored in LAC and UAMS-1 sarA mutants by subsequent mutation of aur and scpA, while mutation of aur had the greatest impact on cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, particularly with conditioned medium (CM) from the more cytotoxic strain LAC. However, SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis of CM confirmed that mutation of sspAB was also required to mimic the phenotype of sarA mutants unable to produce any extracellular proteases. Nevertheless, in a murine model of post-traumatic osteomyelitis, mutation of aur and scpA had the greatest impact on restoring the virulence of LAC and UAMS-1 sarA mutants, with concurrent mutation of sspAB and the spl operon having relatively little effect. These results demonstrate that the increased production of Aur and ScpA in combination with each other is a primary determinant of the reduced virulence of S. aureus sarA mutants in diverse clinical isolates including both methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains.IMPORTANCEPrevious work established that SarA plays a primary role in limiting the production of extracellular proteases to prevent them from limiting the abundance of S. aureus virulence factors. Eliminating the production of all 10 extracellular proteases in the methicillin-resistant strain LAC has also been shown to enhance virulence in a murine sepsis model, and this has been attributed to the specific proteases Aur and ScpA. The importance of this work lies in our demonstration that the increased production of these same proteases largely accounts for the decreased virulence of sarA mutants in a murine model of post-traumatic osteomyelitis not only in LAC but also in the methicillin-susceptible human osteomyelitis isolate UAMS-1. This confirms that sarA-mediated repression of Aur and ScpA production plays a critical role in the posttranslational regulation of S. aureus virulence factors in diverse clinical isolates and diverse forms of S. aureus infection.
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Metaloendopeptidasas , Osteomielitis , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Virulencia/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Meticilina/metabolismo , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Factores de Virulencia/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Péptido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Biopelículas , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Mamíferos/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Endocarditis Bacteriana , Endocarditis , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Humanos , Cefazolina/uso terapéutico , Cloxacilina/uso terapéutico , Meticilina/farmacología , Meticilina/uso terapéutico , Staphylococcus aureus , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Endocarditis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Endocarditis Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a leading cause of bacteremia and blood stream infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) that first appeared in 1961 often caused hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and community-acquired infections (CAIs) and was associated with high mortality rate. Accurate and rapid point-of-care testing (POCT) of MRSA is crucial for clinical management and treatment of MRSA infections, as well as the prevention and control of HAIs and CAIs. Here, we reported a novel extraction-free dual HiFi-LAMP assay for discriminative detection of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA. The dual HiFi-LAMP assay can detect 30 copies/reaction of nuc and mecA genes with detection limits of 147 and 158 copies per 25 µL reaction, respectively. A retrospective clinical evaluation with 107 clinical S. aureus isolates showed both sensitivity and specificity of 100%. A prospective clinical evaluation with 35 clinical samples revealed a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 92.3%. The dual HiFi-LAMP assay can detect almost all S. aureus samples (141/142; 99.3%) within 20 min, implying that the entire HiFi-LAMP assay (including sample process) can be completed within 40 min, extremely significantly shorter than 3-5 days by the traditional clinical microbial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The novel extraction-free dual HiFi-LAMP assay can be used as a robust POCT tool to promote precise diagnosis and treatment of MRSA infections in hospitals and to facilitate surveillance of MRSA at hospital and community settings.IMPORTANCEMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was associated with high mortality rate and listed as a "priority pathogen" by the World Health Organization. Accurate and rapid point-of-care testing (POCT) of MRSA is critically required for clinical management and treatment of MRSA infections. Some previous LAMP-based POCT assays for MRSA might be questionable due to their low specificity and the lack of appropriate evaluation directly using clinical samples. Furthermore, they are relatively tedious and time-consuming because they require DNA extraction and lack multiplex detection capacity. Here, we reported a novel extraction-free dual HiFi-LAMP assay for discriminative detection of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. The assay has high specificity and sensitivity and can be completed within 40 min. Clinical evaluation with real clinical samples and clinical isolates showed excellent performance with 100% specificity and 92.3%-100% sensitivity. The novel extraction-free assay may be a robust POCT tool to promote precise diagnosis of MRSA infections and facilitate surveillance of MRSA at hospital and community settings.
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Infección Hospitalaria , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Meticilina , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The ocular surface in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is known to harbor an abundance of gram-positive cocci, particularly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This study reviewed the results of microbial cultures from the conjunctiva in AD patients, with special attention to the levofloxacin susceptibility of Staphylococci. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, single-center study. METHODS: This study involved 131 eyes of 112 Japanese patients with AD (87 men and 25 women, mean age: 40.4 ± 12.2 years) who underwent ocular surgery at Kyorin University Hospital. Bacterial isolates were collected from the conjunctival sacs in the preoperative period. Drug resistance to methicillin and levofloxacin was judged using the minimal inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin and levofloxacin determined by the broth dilution method. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-seven strains were identified in 103 of the 131 eyes examined. S. aureus was isolated from 74 eyes (56.5%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). In S. aureus, 11 strains (14.9%) were methicillin-resistant, and 18 (24.3%) were levofloxacin-resistant. In S. epidermidis, 15 strains (26.8%) were methicillin-resistant, and 17 (30.4%) were levofloxacin-resistant. No significant differences were observed in levofloxacin susceptibility with age, sex, previous ocular surgery, or duration of previous surgery. However, logistic multivariate analysis revealed that levofloxacin-resistant Staphylococci were concurrently resistant to methicillin, suggesting multidrug resistance. CONCLUSION: Distinctive bacterial distribution and drug resistance need consideration in the managing of ocular disorders among patients with AD.
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Dermatitis Atópica , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Levofloxacino/farmacología , Levofloxacino/uso terapéutico , Staphylococcus , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Meticilina/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus , Estudios Retrospectivos , Conjuntiva/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. aureus are bacterial species of importance in veterinary medicine. The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the implementation of novel treatment modalities. Fluorescent light energy (FLE) is used as an adjunctive and primary treatment for canine pyoderma. However, no in vitro studies exist investigating its bactericidal effects against S. pseudintermedius or S. aureus. OBJECTIVES: To determine the bactericidal effects of FLE on S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two meticillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) isolates, three meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates and one meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolate were studied. A commercially available blue light-emitting diode (bLED) lamp and photoconverting hydrogel FLE system was used. All bacteria were exposed to five conditions following inoculation: (i) no treatment (control); (ii) blue light (bLED) once; (iii) bLED twice consecutively; (iv) FLE (bLED and photoconverting hydrogel) once; and (v) FLE (bLED and photoconverting hydrogel) twice consecutively. Each individual exposure was 2 min long. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for any treatment group when each bacterial isolate was evaluated individually, MSSP isolates were grouped, MRSP isolates were grouped, when all S. pseudintermedius isolates were combined, or when all isolates of both Staphylococcus species were combined. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: While clinical success is reported when using FLE to treat Staphylococcus infections in animals, no in vitro antibacterial efficacy was identified for S. pseudintermedius or S. aureus under experimental conditions. The clinical success observed with FLE may be the result of a more complex in vivo response.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Animales , Perros , Meticilina/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Staphylococcus , Bacterias , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Hidrogeles/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this work were to know the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in the paediatric population of our health department, to describe the risk factors for infection by MRSA compared to those produced by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and to know the antibiotic sensitivity profile of MRSA and MSSA isolates. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of infections produced by MRSA versus those produced by MSSA was carried out during the years 2014 to 2018. Risk factors for MRSA infection were studied using a binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: 162 patients with S. aureus infections were identified. Of these, 25 (15.4%) were MRSA. The highest percentages of MRSA infection occurred among children who required hospital admission (23.4%). In the univariate analysis the need of hospital admission, antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months, the kind of infection and past MRSA infection or colonisation reached statistical significance. However, only the need of hospital admission and antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months maintained statistical significance in the binary logistic regression model. Correct antibiotic treatment was only prescribed in 26.7% of the MRSA infection cases admitted to the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the need to review empirical local treatment regimen using drugs active against MRSA in infections of probable staphylococcal origin admitted to the hospital, especially if they have received antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months.
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Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Niño , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus , Estudios Retrospectivos , Prevalencia , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Meticilina/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen responsible for high mortality rates. The development of new antimicrobials is urgent. Materials & methods: The authors evaluated the activity of hydralazine along with its synergism with other drugs and action on biofilms. With regard to action mechanisms, the authors evaluated cell viability, DNA damage and molecular docking. Results: MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration values ranged from 128 to 2048 µg/ml. There was synergism with oxacillin (50%) and vancomycin (25%). Hydralazine reduced the viability of biofilms by 50%. After exposure to hydralazine 2× MIC, 58.78% of the cells were unviable, 62.07% were TUNEL positive and 27.03% presented damage in the comet assay (p < 0.05). Hydralazine showed affinity for DNA gyrase and TyrRS. Conclusion: Hydralazine is a potential antibacterial.
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that can cause infection. Infections of S. aureus are becoming difficult to treat, but developing new drugs is a challenge. Repurposing them may be easier. This study looks at the possibility of using hydralazine, a type of medicine used to treat high blood pressure, against S. aureus. The authors found that hydralazine can kill S. aureus and can be used with other antibiotics, including oxacillin and vancomycin. Hydralazine interferes with important processes for the multiplication and survival of this bacterium. These results are preliminary but encouraging. Further studies are needed to confirm the use of hydralazine as a new treatment for S. aureus infections.
Asunto(s)
Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus , Meticilina , Resistencia a la Meticilina , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
Antimicrobial wound dressings play a crucial role in treatment of wound infections. However, existing commercial options fall short due to antibiotic resistance and the limited spectrum of activity of newly emerging antimicrobials against bacteria that are frequently encountered in wound infections. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is very promising alternative therapeutic approach against antibiotic resistant microbes such as methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, delivery of the photosensitizer (PS) homogeneously to the wound site is a challenge. Though polymeric wound dressings based on synthetic and biopolymers are being explored for aPDT, there is paucity of data regarding theirin vivoefficacy. Moreover, there are no studies on use of PS loaded, pluoronic (PL) and pectin (PC) based films for aPDT. We report development of a polymeric film for potential use in aPDT. The film was prepared using PL and PC via solvent casting approach and impregnated with methylene blue (MB) for photodynamic inactivation of MRSAin vitroandin vivo. Atomic force microscopic imaging of the films yielded vivid pictures of surface topography, with rough surfaces, pores, and furrows. The PL:PC ratio (2:3) was optimized that would result in an intact film but exhibit rapid release of MB in time scale suitable for aPDT. The film showed good antibacterial activity against planktonic suspension, biofilm of MRSA upon exposure to red light. Investigations on MRSA infected excisional wounds of mice reveal that topical application of MB loaded film for 30 min followed by red light exposure for 5 min (fluence; â¼30 J cm-2) or 10 min (fluence; â¼60 J cm-2) reduces â¼80% or â¼92% of bioburden, respectively. Importantly, the film elicits no significant cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PS-loaded PL-PC based films are a promising new tool for treatment of MRSA infected wounds.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infección de Heridas , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Meticilina/uso terapéutico , Poloxámero/uso terapéutico , Azul de Metileno/uso terapéutico , Pectinas/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes , Antibacterianos , Polímeros , Biopelículas , Infección de Heridas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección de Heridas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates presents major challenges for treating staphylococcal infections. Biofilm inhibition is an important anti-virulence strategy. In this study, a novel maleimide-diselenide hybrid compound (YH7) was synthesized and demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in both planktonic cultures and biofilms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of YH7 for S. aureus isolates was 16 µg/mL. Quantification of biofilms demonstrated that the sub-MIC (4 µg/mL) of YH7 significantly inhibits biofilm formation in both MSSA and MRSA. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis further confirmed the biofilm inhibitory potential of YH7. YH7 also significantly suppressed bacterial adherence to A549 cells. Moreover, YH7 treatment significantly inhibited S. aureus colonization in nasal tissue of mice. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that YH7 exerted potent biofilm-suppressing effects by inhibiting polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) synthesis, rather than suppressing bacterial autolysis. Real-time quantitative PCR data indicated that YH7 downregulated biofilm formation-related genes (clfA, fnbA, icaA, and icaD) and the global regulatory gene sarX, which promotes PIA synthesis. The sarX-dependent antibiofilm potential of YH7 was validated by constructing S. aureus NCTC8325 sarX knockout and complementation strains. Importantly, YH7 demonstrated a low potential to induce drug resistance in S. aureus and exhibited non-toxic to rabbit erythrocytes, A549, and BEAS-2B cells at antibacterial concentrations. In vivo toxicity assays conducted on Galleria mellonella further confirmed that YH7 is biocompatible. Overall, YH7 demonstrated potent antibiofilm activity supports its potential as an antimicrobial agent against S. aureus biofilm-related infections. IMPORTANCE Biofilm-associated infections, characterized by antibiotic resistance and persistence, present a formidable challenge in healthcare. Traditional antibacterial agents prove inadequate against biofilms. In this study, the novel compound YH7 demonstrates potent antibiofilm properties by impeding the adhesion and the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin production of Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, its exceptional efficacy against both methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains highlights its broad applicability. This study highlights the potential of YH7 as a novel therapeutic agent to address the pressing issue of biofilm-driven infections.