RESUMEN
The data on the synthesis of N-aminomorpholine hydrazones are presented. It is shown that the interaction of N-aminomorpholine with functionally substituted benzaldehydes and 4-pyridinaldehyde in isopropyl alcohol leads to the formation of corresponding hydrazones. The structure of the synthesized compounds was studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy methods, including the COSY (1H-1H), HMQC (1H-13C) and HMBC (1H-13C) methodologies. The values of chemical shifts, multiplicity, and integral intensity of 1H and 13C signals in one-dimensional NMR spectra were determined. The COSY (1H-1H), HMQC (1H-13C), and HMBC (1H-13C) results revealed homo- and heteronuclear interactions, confirming the structure of the studied compounds. The antiviral, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activity of some synthesized hydrazones were investigated. It is shown that 2-((morpholinoimino)methyl)benzoic acid has a pronounced viral inhibitory property, comparable in its activity to commercial drugs Tamiflu and Remantadine. A docking study was performed using the influenza virus protein models (1930 Swine H1 Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase of 1918 H1N1 strain). The potential binding sites that are complementary with 2-((morpholinoimino)methyl)benzoic acid were found.
Asunto(s)
Hidrazonas , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Morfolinas , Hidrazonas/química , Hidrazonas/farmacología , Hidrazonas/síntesis química , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacología , Morfolinas/síntesis química , Humanos , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/química , Antivirales/síntesis química , Animales , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
In this study, we synthesized 15 novel quinazoline-morpholinobenzylideneamino hybrid compounds from methyl anthranilate and we assessed their cytotoxicity via in vitro assays against A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines. Molecular docking studies were conducted to evaluate the protein-ligand interactions and inhibition mechanisms on nine different molecular targets, while molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to assess the stability of the best docked ligand-protein complexes. Additionally, ADME prediction was carried out to determine physicochemical parameters and drug likeness. According to the cytotoxicity assays, compound 1 (IC50 = 2.83 µM) was found to be the most active inhibitor against A549 cells. While the selectivity index (SI) of compound 1 is 29, the SI of the reference drugs paclitaxel and sorafenib, used in this study, are 2.40 and 4.92, respectively. Among the hybrid compounds, 1 has the best docking scores against VEGFR1 (-11.744 kcal/mol), VEGFR2 (-12.407 kcal/mol) and EGFR (-10.359 kcal/mol). During MD simulations, compound 1 consistently exhibited strong hydrogen bond interactions with the active sites of VEGFR1 and 2, and these interactions were maintained for more than 90% of the simulation time. Additionally, the RMSD and RMSF values of the ligand-protein complexes exhibited high stability at their minimum levels around 1-2 Å. In conclusion, these findings suggest that compound 1 may be a potent and selective inhibitor candidate for lung cancer treatment and inhibition of VEGFR2, especially.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Morfolinas , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inhibidores , Células A549 , Quinazolinonas/química , Quinazolinonas/farmacología , Quinazolinonas/metabolismo , Quinazolinonas/síntesis química , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Quinazolinas/química , Quinazolinas/farmacología , Quinazolinas/síntesis química , Quinazolinas/metabolismo , Sitios de Unión , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Enlace de HidrógenoRESUMEN
Drugs that act on α-adrenoceptors may contain morpholine and pyrimidinone heterocycles. The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of pyrimidinones (S6a-e and S8) and characterize their α-adrenoceptor activity. Cytotoxicity assays (MTT and LDH) were performed in A7r5 and HUVECs. Concentration-effect curves to phenylephrine (Phe) were performed in rat aortic rings in the presence of compounds S6a-e and S8 or vehicle. Nitric oxide (NO) production and NO stable metabolic products, nitrite and nitrate, expressed as total nitrogen oxides (NOx) were assessed in HUVECs by confocal microscopy with the DAF-2DA probe and by the Griess reaction, respectively. Molecular docking simulations were performed using the 6a compound and α2A-adrenoceptor. In the evaluated conditions, the percentage of viable cells and the release of LDH were similar between control cells and cells exposed to the tested pyrimidinones. S6d, S6e, S8, and the positive control prazosin (but not S6a, S6b, and S6c) decreased Phe-induced contractions in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. S6a, S6b, and S6c decreased Phe-induced contractions in endothelium-intact aortic rings. The effect of S6a was abolished by L-NAME. NO production and NOx levels were inhibited in the presence of the α2 receptor antagonist yohimbine and the NOS inhibitor L-NAME. The 6a docking simulation estimated that the mean binding free energy of the compound was lower than the estimated value for yohimbine. These data suggest that S6d, S6e, and S8 may be α1-adrenoceptor antagonists while S6a acts as an agonist of α2-adrenoceptors.
Asunto(s)
Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Morfolinas , Pirimidinonas , Animales , Humanos , Ratas , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Pirimidinonas/farmacología , Pirimidinonas/química , Morfolinas/farmacología , Morfolinas/química , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Masculino , Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Aorta/efectos de los fármacos , Aorta/citología , Aorta/metabolismo , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Diabetes mellitus is a severe endocrine disease that affects more and more people every year. Modern medical chemistry sets itself the task of finding effective and safe drugs against diabetes. This review provides an overview of potential antidiabetic drugs based on three heterocyclic compounds, namely morpholine, piperazine, and piperidine. Studies have shown that compounds containing their moieties can be quite effective in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of diabetes and its consequences.
Asunto(s)
Hipoglucemiantes , Morfolinas , Piperazina , Piperidinas , Humanos , Piperidinas/química , Piperidinas/farmacología , Piperidinas/uso terapéutico , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacología , Morfolinas/uso terapéutico , Piperazina/química , Piperazina/farmacología , Animales , Piperazinas/química , Piperazinas/farmacología , Piperazinas/síntesis química , Piperazinas/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
An extended action fostemsavir (FTR) lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation prevents human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection. This FTR formulation establishes a drug depot in monocyte-derived macrophages that extend the drug's plasma residence time. The LNP's physicochemical properties improve FTR's antiretroviral activities, which are linked to the drug's ability to withstand fluid flow forces and levels of drug cellular internalization. Each is, in measure, dependent on PEGylated lipid composition and flow rate ratios affecting the size, polydispersity, shape, zeta potential, stability, biodistribution, and antiretroviral efficacy. The FTR LNP physicochemical properties enable the drug-particle's extended actions.
Asunto(s)
Morfolinas , Nanopartículas , Organofosfatos , Nanopartículas/química , Humanos , Organofosfatos/farmacología , Organofosfatos/química , Organofosfatos/farmacocinética , Morfolinas/farmacología , Morfolinas/farmacocinética , Morfolinas/química , Animales , VIH-1/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Lípidos/química , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Ratones , Fármacos Anti-VIH/farmacocinética , Fármacos Anti-VIH/farmacología , Fármacos Anti-VIH/administración & dosificación , Fármacos Anti-VIH/química , Distribución Tisular , Liposomas , PiperazinasRESUMEN
We present new small-molecular probes targeting the human PD-L1 protein. The molecules were designed by incorporating a newly discovered N-methylmorpholine substituent into a known biphenyl-based structure. Four prototype derivatives of 4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carbonitrile (STD4), comprising a morpholine substituent fused with a biphenyl core at different orientations were first verified for their potential binding to PD-L1 using the molecular docking method. A more favorable 7-phenyl derivative of STD4 was then equipped with an amide bond, pyridine, and either a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane or serinol tail leading to two final molecules. Among them, compound 1c showed activity in three bioassays, i.e., the homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) assay, and T-cell activation (TCA) assay. Our work shows that morpholine can substitute for dioxane and becomes a promising component in PD-L1-targeting molecules. This finding unlocks new avenues for optimizing PD-L1-targeting compounds, presenting exciting prospects for future developments in this field.
Asunto(s)
Antígeno B7-H1 , Compuestos de Bifenilo , Morfolinas , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1 , Humanos , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos de Bifenilo/farmacología , Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacología , Morfolinas/síntesis química , Estructura Molecular , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a DrogaRESUMEN
Our previously reported HDAC6 inhibitor (HDAC6i) Marbostat-100 (4) has provided many arguments for further clinical evaluation. By the substitution of the acidic hydrogen of 4 for different carbon residues, we were able to generate an all-carbon stereocenter, which significantly improves the hydrolytic stability of the inhibitor. Further asymmetric synthesis has shown that the (S)-configured inhibitors preferentially bind to HDAC6. This led to the highly selective and potent methyl-substituted derivative S-29b, which elicited a long-lasting tubulin hyperacetylation in MV4-11 cells. Finally, a crystal structure of the HDAC6/S-29b complex provided mechanistic explanation for the high potency and stereoselectivity of synthesized compound series.
Asunto(s)
Carbolinas , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas , Humanos , Carbolinas/química , Carbolinas/farmacología , Carbolinas/síntesis química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/química , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/síntesis química , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Morfolinas/síntesis química , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The engineering of novel protein-ligand binding interactions, particularly for complex drug-like molecules, is an unsolved problem, which could enable many practical applications of protein biosensors. In this work, we analyzed two engineered biosensors, derived from the plant hormone sensor PYR1, to recognize either the agrochemical mandipropamid or the synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2. Using a combination of quantitative deep mutational scanning experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrated that mutations at common positions can promote protein-ligand shape complementarity and revealed prominent differences in the electrostatic networks needed to complement diverse ligands. MD simulations indicate that both PYR1 protein-ligand complexes bind a single conformer of their target ligand that is close to the lowest free-energy conformer. Computational design using a fixed conformer and rigid body orientation led to new WIN55,212-2 sensors with nanomolar limits of detection. This work reveals mechanisms by which the versatile PYR1 biosensor scaffold can bind diverse ligands. This work also provides computational methods to sample realistic ligand conformers and rigid body alignments that simplify the computational design of biosensors for novel ligands of interest.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas Biosensibles , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Unión Proteica , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Ligandos , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/metabolismo , Benzoxazinas/química , Benzoxazinas/metabolismo , Naftalenos/química , Naftalenos/metabolismo , Pliegue de Proteína , Ingeniería de Proteínas , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/químicaRESUMEN
Baloxavir marboxil (1; BXM) is a potent drug used for treating influenza infections. The current synthetic route to BXM (1) is based on optical resolution; however, this method results in the loss of nearly 50% of the material. This study aimed to describe an efficient and simpler method for the synthesis of BXM. We achieved a stereoselective synthesis of BXM (1). The tricyclic triazinanone core possessing a chiral center was prepared via diastereoselective cyclization utilizing the readily available amino acid l-serine. The carboxyl moiety derived from l-serine was removed via photoredox decarboxylation under mild conditions to furnish the chiral tricyclic triazinanone core ((R)-14). The synthetic route demonstrated herein provides an efficient and atomically economical method for preparing this potent anti-influenza agent.
Asunto(s)
Dibenzotiepinas , Serina , Estereoisomerismo , Ciclización , Serina/química , Estructura Molecular , Dibenzotiepinas/química , Dibenzotiepinas/síntesis química , Triazinas/química , Triazinas/síntesis química , Oxidación-Reducción , Descarboxilación , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/síntesis química , Piridonas/química , Piridonas/síntesis química , Procesos Fotoquímicos , Antivirales/síntesis química , Antivirales/químicaRESUMEN
Nanofiltration (NF) has been proven to be with great potential for the separation of morpholines with molecular weight less than 200 Da in refining reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC), but its application is significantly restricted by the membrane fouling, which can reduce the rejection and service time. To enable the long-term operation stability of nanofiltration, this work focuses on the fouling behavior of each substance in the hydrosaline organic solution on nanofiltration membrane, aiming to give insight into the fouling mechanism. To this end, in this work, the effects of salts (i.e NaCl and Na2SO4), organic substances (including N-(2-hydroxypropyl)morpholine(NMH) and 4-morpholineacetate(MHA)) and representative divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) on the performance and physicochemical properties of DK membrane were systematically investigated. The results show that both salts and organics can induce DK membrane swelling, leading to an increase of the mean effective pore size. After the filtration of Na2SO4-NaCl-H2O, the mean pore size increased by 0.002 nm, resulting in the decrease of the removal ratio of NMH and MHA for 3.82% and 13.10%, respectively. With static adsorption of NMH and MHA, the mean pore size of DK membrane increased by 0.005 and 0.003 nm. The swelling slowed the entrance of more organic molecules into membrane pores. Among them, MHA led to the terrible irreversible pore blocking. As the concentration of Ca2+ increased, gypsum scaling was formed on the membrane surface. During this process, NMH and MHA played different roles, i.e. NMH accelerated the CaSO4 crystallization while MHA inhibited. As a conclusion, the fouling behavior of substances in the high saline organic wastewater on DK membrane were systematically revealed with the fouling mechanisms proposed, which could provide an insightful guidance for membrane fouling control and cleaning in the treatment of high salinity and organic wastewater.
Asunto(s)
Filtración , Membranas Artificiales , Ósmosis , Purificación del Agua , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Morfolinas/química , AdsorciónRESUMEN
The total synthesis and structural elucidation of the antimicrobial sactipeptide enteropeptin A is reported. Enteropeptin A contains a thioaminoketal group with an unassigned stereochemical configuration that is embedded in a highly unusual thiomorpholine ring. In this synthesis, a linear peptide containing a dehydroamino acid and a pendant cysteine residue is subjected to Markovnikov hydrothiolation by a dithiophosphoric acid catalyst. This cyclization reaction forms the central thiomorpholine ring found in the enteropeptins. Both diastereomers at the unassigned thioaminoketal stereocenter of enteropeptin A were prepared, and their comparison to an authentic standard allowed for the unambiguous stereochemical assignment of the natural product to be of the D configuration. This inaugural total synthesis of enteropeptin A represents the first total synthesis of a sactipeptide reported to date. Moreover, the strategy disclosed herein serves as a general platform for the synthesis of stereochemically defined thiomorpholine-containing peptides, which may enable the discovery of new cyclic peptide antibiotics.
Asunto(s)
Morfolinas , Estereoisomerismo , Ciclización , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/síntesis químicaRESUMEN
A thiophene-derived Schiff base ligand (E)-2-morpholino-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)ethanamine was used for the synthesis of M(II) complexes, [TEM(M)X2] (M = Co, Cu, Zn; X = Cl; M = Cd, X = Br). Structural characterization of the synthesized complexes revealed distorted tetrahedral geometry around the M(II) center. In vitro investigation of the synthesized ligand and its M(II) complexes showed considerable anti-urease and leishmanicidal potential. The synthesized complexes also exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on urease, with IC50 values in the range of 3.50-8.05 µM. In addition, the docking results were consistent with the experimental results. A preliminary study of human colorectal cancer (HCT), hepatic cancer (HepG2), and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines showed marked anticancer activities of these complexes.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Complejos de Coordinación , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Bases de Schiff , Tiofenos , Ureasa , Humanos , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Ureasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ureasa/metabolismo , Tiofenos/química , Tiofenos/farmacología , Tiofenos/síntesis química , Bases de Schiff/química , Bases de Schiff/farmacología , Bases de Schiff/síntesis química , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacología , Morfolinas/síntesis química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Estructura Molecular , Leishmania/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Antiprotozoarios/farmacología , Antiprotozoarios/química , Antiprotozoarios/síntesis química , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos AntitumoralesRESUMEN
A set of 2-aryl-9-H or methyl-6-morpholinopurine derivatives were synthesized and assayed through radioligand binding tests at human A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptor subtypes. Eleven purines showed potent antagonism at A1, A3, dual A1/A2A, A1/A2B, or A1/A3 adenosine receptors. Additionally, three compounds showed high affinity without selectivity for any specific adenosine receptor. The structure-activity relationships were made for this group of new compounds. The 9-methylpurine derivatives were generally less potent but more selective, and the 9H-purine derivatives were more potent but less selective. These compounds can be an important source of new biochemical tools and/or pharmacological drugs.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Receptores Purinérgicos P1 , Humanos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Antagonistas de Receptores Purinérgicos P1/farmacología , Antagonistas de Receptores Purinérgicos P1/química , Receptores Purinérgicos P1/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adenina/química , Adenina/farmacología , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacología , Purinas/química , Purinas/farmacología , Purinas/síntesis química , Células CHORESUMEN
Synergistic effect of dimethomorph (DIM) and pyrimethanil (PYM) was evaluated using the Wadley method and the molecular mechanism of the antifungal effects of the combined treatment was systematically investigated. DIM+PYM had a synergistic effect on Phytophthora capsici, with the synergistic effect being observed at 5:1, at which the synergy coefficient was 1.8536. The mycelia of the pathogen treated with DIM+PYM were branched, uneven in thickness, and swollen. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that DIM+PYM caused mycelium breaks, swelling, and apex enlargement, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed structural damage, cavities, and cell membrane morphological abnormalities. DIM+PYM inhibited the growth of mycelia, destroyed the cell membrane, interfered with energy metabolism, reduced protein and sugar content. Additionally, the transcriptome and metabolome of fungi treated with DIM+PYM changed significantly; specifically, there were 1571 differentially expressed genes and 802 differential metabolites. DIM+PYM may mainly damage the cell membrane, energy, protein, soluble sugar pathways.
Asunto(s)
Fungicidas Industriales , Morfolinas , Phytophthora , Pirimidinas , Phytophthora/efectos de los fármacos , Phytophthora/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fungicidas Industriales/farmacología , Fungicidas Industriales/química , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacología , Morfolinas/química , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Micelio/crecimiento & desarrollo , Micelio/efectos de los fármacos , Micelio/químicaRESUMEN
Processing cellulose from 4-methyl morpholine n-oxide (NMMO)-water solutions is a completely circular route that produces biodegradable cellulose fibers or films while recovering reusable NMMO [Guo, Y.; Cai, J.; Sun, T.; Xing, L.; Cheng, C.; Chi, K.; Xu, J.; Li, T. The purification process and side reactions in the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) recovery system. Cellulose 2021, 28(12), 7609-7617]. Despite proven success in two-dimensional applications, challenges in transitioning to three-dimensional objects arise from the critical changes that cellulose undergoes during deposition, regeneration, and postregeneration stages. While emphasizing the critical diffusion-driven precipitation during regeneration, this investigation explores the influence of extrusion temperature, printing alignment, regeneration, and drying processes on interfilament fusion, bonding, shape integrity, and mechanical properties. Three distinct drying processes: ambient, vacuum, and freeze-drying were investigated. Tensile and flexural bending tests provided insight into the delamination of dried specimens. Ambient and vacuum drying enhanced the properties of specimens, while freeze-drying resulted in a more stable shape. The findings contribute to advancing the understanding of 3D-printing cellulose from NMMO solutions, addressing crucial aspects of the extrusion, regeneration, and drying stages for enhanced applications in sustainable manufacturing.
Asunto(s)
Celulosa , Impresión Tridimensional , Agua , Celulosa/química , Agua/química , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/química , Morfolinas/química , Soluciones , Desecación/métodosRESUMEN
Rising antimicrobial resistance is a critical threat to worldwide public health. To address the increasing antibiotic tolerance, diverse antimicrobial agents are examined for their ability to decrease bacterial resistance. One of the most relevant and persistent human pathogens is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our study investigates the anti-biofilm and sensitizing activity of 12 morpholinium-based ionic liquids with herbicidal anions on four clinically relevant P. aeruginosa strains. Among all tested compounds, four ionic liquids prevented biofilm formation at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations for all investigated strains. For the first time, we established a hormetic effect on biofilm formation for P. aeruginosa strains subjected to an ionic liquid treatment. Interestingly, while ionic liquids with 4,4-didecylmorpholinium [Dec2Mor]+ are more efficient against planktonic bacteria, 4-decyl-4-ethylmorpholinium [DecEtMor]+ showed more potent inhibition of biofilm formation. Ionic liquids with 4,4-didecylmorpholinium ([Dec2Mor]+) cations even induced biofilm formation by strain 39016 at high concentrations due to flocculation. Morpholinium-based ionic liquids were also shown to enhance the efficacy of commonly used antibiotics from different chemical groups. We demonstrate that this synergy is associated with the mode of action of the antibiotics.
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Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Líquidos Iónicos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/fisiología , Líquidos Iónicos/farmacología , Líquidos Iónicos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Morfolinas/farmacología , Morfolinas/química , Humanos , Sinergismo FarmacológicoRESUMEN
Recently, pharmaceutical research has been focused on the design of new antibacterial drugs with higher selectivity towards several strains. Major issues concern the possibility to obtain compounds with fewer side effects, at the same time effectively overcoming the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Several solutions include the synthesis of new pharmacophores starting from piperazine or morpholine core units. Mass spectrometry-based techniques offer important support for the structural characterization of newly synthesized compounds to design safer and more effective drugs for various medical conditions. Here, two new piperazine derivatives and four new morpholine derivatives were synthesized and structurally characterized through a combined approach of Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) and Linear Trap Quadrupole (LTQ) mass spectrometry. The support of both high-resolution and low-resolution mass spectrometric data namely accurate mass measurements, isotopic distribution and MSn spectra, was crucial to confirm the success of the synthesis. These compounds were further evaluated for inhibitory activity against a total of twenty-nine Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to determine the action spectrum and the antimicrobial effectiveness. Results demonstrated compounds' antimicrobial activity against many tested bacterial species, providing an inhibitory effect linked to different chemical structure and suggesting that the new-synthesized derivatives could be considered as promising antimicrobial agents.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Bacterias Gramnegativas , Espectrometría de Masas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Morfolinas , Piperazinas , Morfolinas/farmacología , Morfolinas/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/análisis , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Piperazinas/farmacología , Piperazinas/química , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Piperazina/farmacología , Piperazina/químicaRESUMEN
The development of copper(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes as potential anticancer agents, possessing dual functionality as inhibitors of R2 ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and tubulin polymerization by binding at the colchicine site, presents a promising avenue for enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, we describe the syntheses and physicochemical characterization of four isomeric proligands H2L3-H2L6, with the methylmorpholine substituent at pertinent positions of the pyridine ring, along with their corresponding Cu(II) complexes 3-6. Evidently, the position of the morpholine moiety and the copper(II) complex formation have marked effects on the in vitro antiproliferative activity in human uterine sarcoma MES-SA cells and the multidrug-resistant derivative MES-SA/Dx5 cells. Activity correlated strongly with quenching of the tyrosyl radical (Yâ¢) of mouse R2 RNR protein, inhibition of RNR activity in the cancer cells, and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Insights into the mechanism of antiproliferative activity, supported by experimental results and molecular modeling calculations, are presented.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Cobre , Morfolinas , Ribonucleótido Reductasas , Tiosemicarbazonas , Tubulina (Proteína) , Tiosemicarbazonas/química , Tiosemicarbazonas/farmacología , Tiosemicarbazonas/síntesis química , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Ribonucleótido Reductasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ribonucleótido Reductasas/metabolismo , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Animales , Morfolinas/farmacología , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/síntesis química , Cobre/química , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Polimerizacion/efectos de los fármacos , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/síntesis química , Piridinas/farmacología , Piridinas/química , Piridinas/síntesis química , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacología , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntesis química , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Modelos MolecularesRESUMEN
In the present investigation, a series of dimethoxy or methylenedioxy substituted-cinnamamide derivatives containing tertiary amine moiety (N. N-Dimethyl, N, N-diethyl, Pyrrolidine, Piperidine, Morpholine) were synthesized and evaluated for cholinesterase inhibition and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Although their chemical structures are similar, their biological activities exhibit diversity. The results showed that all compounds except for those containing morpholine group exhibited moderate to potent acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Preliminary screening of BBB permeability shows that methylenedioxy substituted compounds have better brain permeability than the others. Compound 10c, containing methylenedioxy and pyrrolidine side chain, showed a better acetylcholinesterase inhibition (IC50: 1.52±0.19â µmol/L) and good blood-brain barrier permeability. Further pharmacokinetic investigation of compound 10c using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in mice showed that compound 10c in brain tissue reached its peak concentration (857.72±93.56â ng/g) after dosing 30â min. Its half-life in the serum is 331â min (5.52â h), and the CBrain/CSerum at various sampling points is ranged from 1.65 to 4.71(Mean: 2.76) within 24â hours. This investigation provides valuable information on the chemistry and pharmacological diversity of cinnamic acid derivatives and may be beneficial for the discovery of central nervous system drugs.
Asunto(s)
Barrera Hematoencefálica , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa , Cinamatos , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Aminas/química , Aminas/farmacología , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/química , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/síntesis química , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacocinética , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/metabolismo , Cinamatos/química , Cinamatos/farmacología , Cinamatos/farmacocinética , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacología , Piperidinas/química , Piperidinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The large Bunyavirales order includes several families of viruses with a segmented ambisense (-) RNA genome and a cytoplasmic life cycle that starts by synthesizing viral mRNA. The initiation of transcription, which is common to all members, relies on an endonuclease activity that is responsible for cap-snatching. In La Crosse virus, an orthobunyavirus, it has previously been shown that the cap-snatching endonuclease resides in the N-terminal domain of the L protein. Orthobunyaviruses are transmitted by arthropods and cause diseases in cattle. However, California encephalitis virus, La Crosse virus and Jamestown Canyon virus are North American species that can cause encephalitis in humans. No vaccines or antiviral drugs are available. In this study, three known Influenza virus endonuclease inhibitors (DPBA, L-742,001 and baloxavir) were repurposed on the La Crosse virus endonuclease. Their inhibition was evaluated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and their mode of binding was then assessed by differential scanning fluorimetry and microscale thermophoresis. Finally, two crystallographic structures were obtained in complex with L-742,001 and baloxavir, providing access to the structural determinants of inhibition and offering key information for the further development of Bunyavirales endonuclease inhibitors.