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Apoyo a la Investigación como Asunto , Investigación , Brasil , Apoyo a la Investigación como Asunto/economía , Investigación/economía , Investigadores/economía , Organización de la Financiación/economía , Organización de la Financiación/organización & administración , Gobierno Federal , Financiación Gubernamental/economíaRESUMEN
With the rapid growth and wide application of digital technology, enterprises have entered the digital era with both opportunities and challenges existing. Mergers and acquisitions are one of the most efficient ways to integrate resources and achieve profit growth, giving enterprises advantages in competing in the new mode of economic growth. Based on this, this research tries to explore whether the development of digital finance will contribute to the emergence of M&As activities through combining M&As data of the Chinese stock market with the digital finance inclusion index between 2012 and 2020. The results show that the development of digital finance largely influences M&As activities through lower acquirers' financial constraints. We further replace digital finance with three sub-indexes including coverage breadth, usage depth, and digitalization level to explore the impact of different dimensions of digital finance on M&As. Results show that coverage breadth plays a more important role. In addition, heterogeneity tests reveal that the relationship between the development of digital finance and M&As activities varies significantly. The influences of digital finance on private and western and central enterprises are more significant compared with state-owned and eastern enterprises. According to the study, since the development of digital finance can be an efficient way to ease financial constraints and boost M&As activities, the government should promote the development of digital finance while companies strive to make the most use of it.
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Tecnología Digital , Desarrollo Económico , Industrias , China , Tecnología Digital/economía , Tecnología Digital/organización & administración , Investigación Empírica , Organización de la Financiación/economía , Organización de la Financiación/organización & administración , Industria Manufacturera/economía , Industria Manufacturera/organización & administración , Industrias/economía , Industrias/organización & administraciónRESUMEN
Crop yields in sub-Saharan Africa need to increase to keep pace with food demands from the burgeoning population. Smallholder farmers play an important role in national food self-sufficiency, yet many live in poverty. Investing in inputs to increase yields is therefore often not viable for them. To investigate how to unlock this paradox, whole-farm experiments can reveal which incentives could increase farm production while also increasing household income. In this study we investigated the impact of providing farmers with a US$ 100 input voucher each season, for five seasons in a row, on maize yields and overall farm-level production in two contrasting locations in terms of population density, Vihiga and Busia, in western Kenya. We compared the value of farmers' produce with the poverty line and the living income threshold. Crop yields were mainly limited by cash constraints and not by technological constraints as maize yield immediately increased from 16% to 40-50% of the water-limited yield with the provision of the voucher. In Vihiga, at best, one-third of the participating households reached the poverty line. In Busia half of the households reached the poverty line and one-third obtained a living income. This difference between locations was caused by larger farm areas in Busia. Although one third of the households increased the area farmed, mostly by renting land, this was not enough for them to obtain a living income. Our results provide empirical evidence of how a current smallholder farming system could improve its productivity and value of produce upon the introduction of an input voucher. We conclude that increasing yields of the currently most common crops cannot provide a living income for all households and additional institutional changes, such as alternative employment, are required to provide smallholder farmers a way out of poverty.
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Producción de Cultivos , Productos Agrícolas , Granjas , Organización de la Financiación , Renta , Pobreza , Agricultura/economía , Agricultura/métodos , Productos Agrícolas/economía , Productos Agrícolas/provisión & distribución , Granjas/economía , Kenia , Producción de Cultivos/economía , Producción de Cultivos/métodos , Motivación , Pobreza/economía , Organización de la Financiación/economía , Apoyo FinancieroRESUMEN
This study uses Open Payments data to characterize and compare payments to physicians and advanced practice clinicians.
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Industria Farmacéutica , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Conflicto de Intereses , Industria Farmacéutica/economía , Industrias/economía , Médicos/economía , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/economía , Estados Unidos , Personal de Salud/economía , Organización de la Financiación/economíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Health economics research is an integral part of the transdisciplinary research supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). To better understand NCI activities in this area, we conducted a portfolio analysis of funded NCI grants including health economics research. METHODS: We examined all competitive grants funded by NCI from fiscal years 2015 to 2020 that included economic analyses or outcomes. Grant titles, abstracts, and specific aims were independently reviewed by 2 study team members; content of included grants was then coded for analysis. RESULTS: A total 212 grants were identified from searches; 146 of these included economic analyses and were included in the portfolio analysis. These 146 grants represent approximately 0.9% of all NCI competitively funded grants awarded 2015-2020. Of these grants, 100 were R01 awards, representing approximately 2.4% of all NCI R01 grants funded 2015-2020. The most common study type was interventional randomized controlled-trial, followed by simulation or model. Screening and prevention were the most frequent grant cancer continuum topic; survivorship was included in only 16 grants (11.0%). Cost-effectiveness analysis was the most frequently listed economic outcome (97 grants, 66.4%), whereas policy impact (20 grants, 13.7%) and financial hardship (15 grants, 10.3%) were less-frequently included economic outcomes. However, economic outcomes differed by cancer control continuum topic, with financial hardship being included in a greater proportion of treatment and survivorship grants. CONCLUSIONS: Although relatively small, the NCI portfolio of funded grants including economic analyses is diverse, covering a range of cancer types, methods, and economic outcomes, and increasing over time.
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Organización de la Financiación , National Cancer Institute (U.S.) , Neoplasias , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Organización de la Financiación/economía , Humanos , National Cancer Institute (U.S.)/economía , Neoplasias/economía , Neoplasias/terapia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Under the current universal trend towards larger grant sizes in research funding systems, we focus on how large of a grant size is appropriate. We study the directional returns to scale (RTS) to assess whether current grant sizes are the most productive. We take the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) as an example and select three samples of physics, geography and management for an empirical study. We find that the optimal input direction and the most productive grant size scale is different for the three disciplines; based on the current grant size, physics should not expand the grant size and team size input, geography should further increase the grant size to improve performance and management should further expand the team size rather than the grant size. In this paper, we demonstrate a new method to calculate the optimal direction, which is the lowest rate of congestion, according to the characteristics of the General Program. Based on these results, we also calculate the most productive scale size. This method has certain value for project management.
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Organización de la Financiación/economía , Fundaciones/economía , Disciplinas de las Ciencias Naturales/economía , Apoyo a la Investigación como Asunto/economía , ChinaRESUMEN
For over 12 years, spanning three administrations, Dr. Francis Collins has served as the director of the National Institutes of Health. During that time, he and the NIH launched ambitious programs to spur research in diverse topic areas, with important successes. He has also confronted issues facing science and scientists. Dr. Collins recently stepped down as director. Before his departure, he had a conversation with John Pham, reflecting on his time leading the NIH and sharing his perspectives and his hopes for the NIH and the scientific community moving forward.
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Liderazgo , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Investigación Biomédica/economía , COVID-19 , Organización de la Financiación/economía , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , Investigadores , Apoyo a la Investigación como Asunto/economía , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Concienciación , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Organización de la Financiación/economía , Salud Global , Objetivos Organizacionales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Política de Salud , Humanos , Agencias Internacionales/economía , Vigilancia de la PoblaciónRESUMEN
This paper empirically studies the relationship among inclusive finance, industrial structure upgrading and farmers' income, using the panel data of 28 provinces in China from 2006 to 2016.The research finds that inclusive finance can significantly promote the increase of farmers' income. Moreover, the Upgrading of Industry Structure (UIS) is the intermediary mechanism of inclusive finance to promote the increase of farmers' income, and this intermediary mechanism is heterogeneous among farmers with different income levels. Finally, the promotion effect of the UIS on farmers' income is affected by the threshold effect of inclusive finance. Compared with the development level of low inclusive finance, the promotion effect of the UIS on farmers' income is stronger under the development level of high inclusive finance. According to the results of empirical analysis, we suggest that the development strategy of inclusive finance should aim at the industrial development in rural areas, promote the organic connection between farmers and modern agricultural industry, and drive farmers to increase their income through the transformation and upgrading of rural industries.
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Agricultura/economía , Agricultores , Organización de la Financiación/economía , Renta , China , HumanosRESUMEN
Radical health reform movements of the 1960s inspired two widely adopted alternative health care models in the United States: free clinics and community health centers. These groundbreaking institutions attempted to realize bold ideals but faced financial, bureaucratic, and political obstacles. This article examines the history of Fair Haven Community Health Care (FHCHC) in New Haven, Connecticut, an organization that spanned both models and typified innovative aspects of each while resisting the forces that tempered many of its contemporaries' progressive practices. Motivated by a tradition of independence and struggling to address medical neglect in their neighborhood, FHCHC leaders chose not to affiliate with the local academic hospital, a decision that led many disaffected community members to embrace the clinic. The FHCHC also prioritized grant funding over fee-for-service revenue, thus retaining freedom to implement creative programs. Furthermore, the center functioned in an egalitarian manner, enthusiastically employing nurse practitioners and whole-staff meetings, and was largely able to avoid the conflicts that strained other community-controlled organizations. The FHCHC proved unusual among free clinics and health centers and demonstrated strategies similar institutions might employ to overcome common challenges. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(10): 1806-1814. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306417).
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Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria/organización & administración , Creación de Capacidad/organización & administración , Centros Comunitarios de Salud/organización & administración , Organización de la Financiación/organización & administración , Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria/economía , Creación de Capacidad/economía , Centros Comunitarios de Salud/economía , Connecticut , Organización de la Financiación/economía , HumanosAsunto(s)
Autoria , Países en Desarrollo/economía , Publicación de Acceso Abierto/economía , Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto/economía , Investigadores/economía , Apoyo a la Investigación como Asunto , África/etnología , Organización de la Financiación/economía , Humanos , Noruega , Programas InformáticosAsunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano/educación , Presupuestos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Gobierno Federal , Racismo/prevención & control , Investigadores/economía , Investigadores/educación , Universidades/economía , Presupuestos/tendencias , Organización de la Financiación/economía , Organización de la Financiación/legislación & jurisprudencia , Organización de la Financiación/tendencias , Humanos , Grupos Minoritarios/educación , Investigadores/normas , Estados Unidos , Universidades/normasRESUMEN
Mastering the art of grant writing is one of the most essential skills to obtaining research funding. Given the importance of pursuing high-quality surgical research and supporting the academic goals of surgeon-scientists, ensuring that surgeons have the necessary skills to write effective and successful grants is of paramount importance. In this article, we present 10 strategies for composing a strong research grant application. These strategies apply to federal or nongovernmental funding agencies and are broadly relevant to basic, translational, and clinical investigators. We believe these recommendations can help surgeon-scientists be effective grant writers and compete successfully for research funding.