Retroperitoneal dermoid cyst complicated with uterine adenomyoma: a case report and literature review.

Pelvic masses frequently originate from the pelvic cavity and are often associated with uterine, ovarian, or intestinal disorders. This report describes the case of a patient with a pelvic mass diagnosed as a retroperitoneal dermoid cyst at our hospital. We analyzed this case and conducted a literature review, to mitigate the risk of misdiagnosis and enhance the treatment of retroperitoneal masses.

Pädiatrische Rhinologie. / Pädiatrische Rhinologie.

The following review article highlights key topics in pediatric rhinology that are currently the focus in research and at conferences as well as in the interdisciplinary discussion between otorhinolaryngologists and pediatricians. In particular, congenital malformations such as choanal atresia or nasal dermoid cysts are discussed, followed by statements on the current procedures for sinogenic orbital complications as well as on the diagnosis and therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis in children. Furthermore, updates on the role of the ENT specialist in the care for children with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia are provided.

[Our experience in the treatment of congenital nasal median heterotopias in children and an overview of various treatment tactics]. / Nash opyt lecheniya vrozhdennykh nazal'nykh sredinnykh geterotopii u detei i obzor taktik lecheniya.

Dermoid nasal cysts (congenital nasal median heterotopias) are a rare congenital pathology in children. OBJECTIVE: Yo consider the clinical picture, methods of radiation diagnosis and to study the surgical results of a dermoid cyst of the nose according to the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of medical histories with the diagnosis of "Dermoid cyst of the back of the nose and nasal cavity, epidermal cyst of the back of the nose, glioma, encephalocele" was conducted from 2017 to 2022 in the Pediatric Otorhinolaryngological Department of the National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia. The case histories were analyzed by the nature of the lesion, the imaging techniques performed, the course of the operation and the results obtained. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 16 medical histories were analyzed, the average age was 4.5 years (range 10 months - 15 years), over the past 5 years with a diagnosis of "Dermoid cyst of the nasal dorsum and nasal cavity, glioma, epidermal cyst of the nasal dorsum, encephalocele". All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative period, 14 patients also underwent computed tomography (CT). RESULT: Of these, 7 had a confirmed dermoid cyst with a fistula, 3 patients without a fistula, 3 patients had glioma, and 1 had encephalocele, 2 patients had an epidermoid cyst. A fistulous opening of the dermoid cyst of the nasal dorsum and nasal cavity was observed in the upper third of the nasal dorsum in 3 children, in the middle third in 2 patients and in the lower third in 2 children. The article presents a scheme for the characteristics of the lesion and the tactics of surgical treatment in comparison with the data of foreign authors. Intraoperatively, intracranial spread occurred in 6 patients. Various surgical approaches for intracranial proliferation and a corresponding literature review are also presented. Catamnestic follow-up ranged from 1 to 5 years (on average, 3.5 years), no relapses or postoperative complications were noted. CONCLUSION: Nasal median heterotopias are a rare congenital anomaly. Preoperative preparation should include CT and MRI to assess the lesion and exclude intracranial spread. The surgical approach depended directly on the localization of heterotopia and its spread. All patients had a good cosmetic result after the surgical treatment performed by us according to the author's method.

Correlation Between Radiologic and Histopathologic Features of Orbital Epidermoid and Dermoid Cysts.

PURPOSE: Epidermoid cysts (EC) and dermoid cysts (DC) typically appear as well-circumscribed lesions on CT. This study aimed to clarify the radiologic and histopathologic characteristics of orbital EC and DC and to determine the correlations between them. METHODS: The medical records of 69 patients who underwent surgery for orbital DC or EC at Samsung Medical Center between January 2001 and August 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The size and location of the cysts, rim enhancement, homogeneity of contents, presence of hemorrhagic or calcific components, radiodensity of contents, and extent of bony remodeling were evaluated using CT. Additionally, the cyst lining and contents were examined histopathologically. RESULTS: Among patients with orbital cysts, EC and DC were diagnosed in 10 (14.5%) and 59 (85.5%) patients, respectively. Further, 50.0% of EC and 79.7% of DC were located in the superotemporal quadrant of the orbit. On orbital CT, the average radiodensity of EC and DC was 18.9 ± 56.2 and -67.9 ± 63.3 HU, respectively. The cystic contents were more frequently homogeneous than heterogeneous in both EC and DC; however, the radiodensity of cysts differed significantly, which may be attributed to sebaceous gland activity. Focal bony notching, bone remodeling under pressure, and bony changes from dumbbell-shaped cysts were observed more frequently in DC than in EC. CONCLUSIONS: Radiological and histopathological features are correlated in orbital EC and DC. Therefore, orbital EC and DC can be preoperatively differentiated using CT, based on the average radiodensity and bony remodeling.

Lamellar Keratoplasty Using Microkeratome-Assisted Anterior Lamellar Graft in the Management of Deep Limbal Dermoid: A Case Report.

Limbal dermoid is a congenital benign tumor of the limbus which is often managed by surgery if necessary. In dermoid lesions involving the deep stroma, tumor excision and reconstruction of the anterior segment with amniotic membrane transplantation or keratoplasty may be required. Herein, we present a case of deep limbal dermoid treated with surgical resection and lamellar keratoplasty using microkeratome-assisted anterior lamellar graft.

Mature Cystic Teratoma at Fallopian Tubes: A Case Series.

Benign tumors of the fallopian tube are uncommon. Teratomas are most frequently found in the ovary and fallopian tube teratoma is extremely rare. To date, around 70 cases have been described, and most of them were discovered by chance. Here we present two cases of fallopian tube dermoid cyst. The first case is of a woman who was unable to conceive for 4 years with a right ovarian dermoid. She was managed with laparoscopic cystectomy when she was found to have a small teratoma-like lesion at the fimbrial end of the left fallopian tube. The second case is of a female who underwent elective caesarian section and was found to have a teratoma-like lesion at the right fallopian tube. Histopathology of both cases were reported as mature cystic teratoma. These cases suggest the need for careful examination of the pelvic organs for other pathology apart from the primary surgical sites. Keywords: case reports; dermoid cyst; fallopian tube; infertility.

Cord Herniation through the Site of Undiagnosed Thoracic Dermoid Tumour during Spinal Anaesthesia; Report of a Case and Describing Ways to Avoid.

Spinal anaesthesia (SA) is one of the most prevalent types of anaesthetic procedures. There are very few reports of cord herniation through the site of spinal canal stenosis due to tumour. A 33-year-old female presented with acute paraparesis after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intradural mass from posterior of T6 to T8-T9 interface. We operated the patient and after laminectomy of T6 to T9, dermoid tumour containing hairs was totally resected and cord was completely decompressed. After 6 months, the patient is without any neurological deficit. Puncturing the dura with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the presence of an extramedullary mass could cause cord herniation through the blockade. In these cases, awareness about related signs even in absence of symptoms or complaints could help us to prevent post-SA neurological deficit.

Dermoid Cyst of the Parotid Gland: Case Report of a Rare Entity and Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND A dermoid cyst is a benign, epithelial-lined cavitary lesion composed of ectoderm and mesoderm that can arise anywhere in the body, with a tendency to develop in midline structures such as the coccyx and ovary. It is a rare entity in the head and neck region, where the incidence is 7% of all body dermoid cysts. Of these 7% (dermoid cysts found within the head and neck area), 80% are found localized to areas around the orbit, oral region, and nasal region. Within the parotid gland, they are extremely rare, with less than 25 cases reported in the existing literature. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 26-year-old woman with a long-standing left parotid mass that was found to be a dermoid cyst after surgical excision and histological evaluation. We examine the clinical presentation and imaging findings used to establish a presumptive diagnosis to guide treatment options. Although preoperative fine-needle aspiration was not performed in this case, it is often used to clarify the differential diagnosis before definitive surgical management is undertaken. CONCLUSIONS Intraparotid dermoid cysts are rare, benign entities that require complete cystectomy for definitive management. As surgical excision is the only curative method, preoperative histopathological diagnosis via biopsy may be unnecessary. Our paper adds to the existing literature by presenting a case of an intraparotid dermoid cyst successfully treated surgically in a 26-year-old woman.

[A neonate with a swelling in the floor of the mouth]. / Een pasgeborene met een zwelling in de mondbodem.

A significant swelling was seen in the floor of the mouth of a newborn girl. The girl could only drink with difficulty. On examination, a soft-elastic swelling was seen beneath the tongue. Ultrasonography and MRI showed a mass located above the hyoid bone. Upon the initial differential diagnosis of a dermoid cyst, an enucleation of the lesion was performed. Histopathological examination suggested a branchiogenic cyst or a digestive duplication cyst. Given the inconclusiveness of additional diagnostic examination, the lesion was diagnosed as a developmental cyst. Six months after enucleation, the infant girl's tongue motility was not restricted and there were no indications of a recurrence. This rare case illustrates the variety in differential diagnosis and the limitations of additional diagnostic examination.

Presenting features for developmental cysts of the orbit.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical features of developmental cysts of the orbit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients who had excision of cysts between 1992 and 2020. RESULTS: Three hundred and 58 patients (189 male; 53%) with orbital developmental cysts were identified, all being unilateral. Age at surgery varied from birth to 77 years (mean 17, median 18 years) and the average symptom duration was 5 years (median 18 months; range 1 day-50 years). The commonest presenting features were a peribulbar lump or upper lid swelling, followed by proptosis, pain, diplopia and reduced vision. Most patients (82%) had a palpable mass, with epidermoids, sebaceous dermoids and keratinised dermoids commonly affecting the superotemporal quadrant, and conjunctiva-containing cysts usually being biased to a medial location. Cysts were lined by keratinised epithelium with dermal structures (224/358; 63%), non-keratinised epithelium with dermal structures (69/358; 19%), epidermis without identifiable dermal structures (19/358 'epidermoids'; 5%), conjunctiva (12/358; 3%), respiratory epithelium (4/358; 1%), or mixed dermal and conjunctival epithelia (30/358 'dermo-conjunctival' cysts; 8%). Overall, two-thirds (242/358; 66%) had histological evidence of chronic intramural inflammation, and a half of cysts showed granuloma formation (178/358 cysts). Chronic inflammation was less common with conjunctival cysts (54%, 7/12 patients) and none showed granuloma formation. CONCLUSION: Developmental cysts of the orbit vary from the relatively common dermoid cysts to the extremely rare respiratory epithelial-lined cysts. Respiratory cysts, being deeper, may present late in life and cysts containing conjunctival epithelium tend to be less inflamed and typically favour the superonasal quadrant.

[Clinical analysis of 59 cases of pediatric nasal dermal sinus cysts with midfacial infection as the first symptom].

Objective:To review the clinical and radiological presentation and management of infected nasal dermal sinus cysts（NDSC） in children. Methods:Clinical data were collected from 59 NDSC children with secondary fronto-orbital area infection who presented to Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2007 to December 2021. All patients underwent preoperative imaging workup, including MRI and CT. All patients underwent endoscopic excision of a NDSC under general anesthesia. Results:A total of 59 patients were included in the study,while 58 presented with a sinus, 1 presented with a cyst.The main lesions of NDSC included nasal root in 20 cases （33.9%）, nasal bridge in 34 cases （57.6%）, nasal tip in 4 cases （6.8%）, and nasal tip and nasal root in 1 case （1.7%）. The depth of lesions included 6 cases （10.2%） of superficial type of nasal frontal bone, 33 cases （55.9%） of nasal frontal bone, 19 cases （32.2%） of intracranial epidural type, and 1 case （1.7%） of intracranial epidural type. The main sites of infection included inner canthus in 15 cases （25.4%）, nasal dorsum in 22 cases （37.3%）, nasal root in 16 cases （27.1%）, and forehead in 6 cases （10.2%）. Among 59 cases, 7 cases （11.9%） were complicated with other diseases, and 4 cases（6.8%） had external nasal deformities. Surgical approaches included transverse incision in 12 cases（20.3%）, minimal midline vertical incision in 41 cases （69.5%）, external rhinoplasty in 4 cases （6.8%） and bicoronal incision with vertical incision in 2 cases （3.4%）. The range of lesions was completely consistent with MRI results.All cases were successfully operated without one-stage nasal dorsum reconstruction. All patients were followed up from 7 to 173 months（average 52.2 months）. There were 6 cases of recurrence, all of which were in situ recurrence. The operation was performed again, and no recurrence has occurred since the follow-up, No nasal deformity was noted, and cosmetic outcome were favorable for all patients. Conclusion:NDSC infection in children with midfacial infection as the first symptom is rare in clinical practice, and its manifestations are diverse. Early diagnosis and rational treatment are very important to improve the cure rate.Preoperative high resolution MRI combined with CT scanning is of great significance in judging the course of NDSC, especially the intracranial extension. The treatment goal is to achieve minimally invasive and individualized treatment under the premise of complete excision of the lesion, and take into account the cosmetic needs.