[REPROGRAMMING OF MITOCHONDRIAL ENERGY METABOLISM IN MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS].

The novel ideas of fundamental role of mitochondria in the maintenance of viability of malignant cells have been reviewed. The modern state of research is considered in detail, including: mitochondrial control of the cellular redox state, sites of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in inner mitochondrial membrane and antioxidant protection systems. Specificities of the structural-functional mitochondrial remodelling in malignant tumors, the mechanisms of the energy metabolism reprogramming, enhancement of the ROS production and adaptation to the hypoxic conditions and metabolic stress are analyzed. The available data including our research on transplanted tumors indicate that cytotoxic action of sodium dichloroacetate (the inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase) depends on biological properties of tumors and intensity of structural-functional mitochondrial rearrangement. Dichloroacetate turned out to be effective for sarcoma 37, but not for Lewis lung carcinoma.

[Antineoplastic properties of extracellular fructoso-1,6-bisphosphatase of Bacillus subtilis 668 and preparation isolated from cultural liquids of Bacillus subtilis 7025].

It was shown for the first time that extracellular FBPase of B. subtilis 668 like the preparation obtained from culture liquid of B. subtilis B 7025 displays citotoxicity activity in respect of tumor cells of sarcoma 37 in vitro. It is shown that the preparations remove TA antigens from the surface of the tumor cell. It is supposed that the mechanisms of citotoxic effect of extracellular FBFase of B. subtilis 668 and preparation from the culture liquid of B. subtilis B 7025 in vitro on cells of sarcoma 37 is probably realized through the apoptosis.

The effect of a bacterial vaccine on tumors and the immune response of ICR/Ha mice.

This study examined the effect of mixed bacterial vaccine (MBV), a biological response modifier prepared from Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens, on the immune system of mice and on the regression of a transplantable mouse tumor sarcoma 37. The study examined MBV's biological properties and analyzed its chemical composition. The chemical composition varied with the growth media. A typical centrifuged, dialyzed supernate of the serum-containing preparation was found to consist mainly of protein and minimal amounts of carbohydrate and endotoxin, while MBV made with synthetic medium contained similar amounts of all three. MBV was nontoxic for mice, which gained weight following the injection of 0.5-1.0 ml of MBV. MBV caused regression of 20-100% of well-established mouse tumors without appreciable toxicity. MBV also had a striking effect on the immune response of mice to sheep red blood cells. When administered simultaneously with antigen injection, MBV increased the number of antibody-secreting splenocytes measured by the plaque-forming assay threefold. Serum antibody levels also increased two- to threefold. MBV did not enhance the immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide type III, a B-cell-dependent response. However, the in vivo administration of MBV increased the in vitro response to MBV and the B-cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide. MBV compares favorably with other biological response modifiers because of its enhancing effect on the immune response and its oncolytic properties at nontoxic levels.

Anaesthesia and development of some experimental tumours.

Present work is based on the data of experimental studies on the influence of inhalatory (ether, chloroform, halothane and methoxyfluorane) and intravenous anaesthesia (neurovegetative block and neuroleptoanalgesia) upon the tumour growth and metastasization as well as the level of corticosteronemia in surgical trauma. It has been revealed that the narcosis may change the course of the tumorous process both by means of its action on the endocrine part of the organism-tumour system and immediately (halothane) due to its cytostatic action. Obviously, anaesthesia may appear one of the factors influencing the results of multifactoral therapy of tumorous diseases.

[Effect of anesthesia on a neoplastic process in an experiment]. / Vliianie narkoza na opukholevyi protsess v éksperimente.

The modifying influence of anaestesia on tumourigenic process (its stimulative or inhibitory effect upon tumour and metastasis growth) was established. It may occur indirectly, i.e. through endocrine link of the host-tumour system, and due to cytostatic effect of the anaesthetic drug (fluothane in particular).

Inhibiting effect of vitamins C and B12 on the mitotic activity of ascites tumors.

The mitotic activity of the transplantable mouse tumors, Sarcoma 37, Krebs-2, and Ehrlich carcinomas, in the ascites form, were inhibited after treatment with a mixture of vitamins C and B12 with no apparent toxic side effects. These vitamins when administered alone, at the same dosage, did not seem to have any apparent effect on mitosis or the morphology of the cells studied. Microscopic examination of the stained ascites fluid taken from the mice treated with the vitamin mixture showed few tumor cells, and these in various stages of disintegration. Also, an increase in lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils were noticed; however, later in the experiment, no tumor cells could be found and monocytes and macrophages were abundant.

In vitro effect of D-isoascorbic acid and betaine hydrate alone and in combination on normal and malignant cells.

D-Isoascorbic acid, an isomer of vitamin C, and betaine hydrate (quaternary amine) were found to inhibit mitoses of sarcoma 37, Ehrlich carcinoma, and L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. However, the combined effect of these compounds produced a greater inhibitory activity than when either was administered individually.

[Determination of nucleic acids for estimation of tumor cell growth in diffusion chambers]. / Opredelenie nucleinovykh kislot dlia otsenki rosta opukholevykh kletok v diffuzionnykh kamerakh.

The use of spectrophotometric method of objective quantitative estimation of tumor cells growth in diffusion chambers and chemotherapeutic sarcolysin effect on them are described.

[Accelerated determination of the carcinogenic activity of preparations under study]. / Ob uskorenii opredeleniia kantserogennoi aktivnosti izuchaemykh preparatov

There was revealed a correlation between the activity of erythropoiesis and the resistance of the mouse organism both to the induced carcinogenesis and to the growth of the transplanted tumour. By choosing animals with a weakened erythropoiesis into experiment it is apparently possible to decrease considerably the period of the examination of the carcinogenic activity of the preparations under study.