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2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(10)2024 May 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38791283

RESUMEN

Fruit color is an intuitive quality of horticultural crops that can be used as an evaluation criterion for fruit ripening and is an important factor affecting consumers' purchase choices. In this study, a genetic population from the cross of green peel 'Qidong' and purple peel '8 guo' revealed that the purple to green color of eggplant peel is dominant and controlled by a pair of alleles. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), SNP haplotyping, and fine genetic mapping delimited candidate genes to a 350 kb region of eggplant chromosome 10 flanked by markers KA2381 and CA8828. One ANS gene (EGP22363) was predicted to be a candidate gene based on gene annotation and sequence alignment of the 350-kb region. Sequence analysis revealed that a single base mutation of 'T' to 'C' on the exon green peel, which caused hydrophobicity to become hydrophilic serine, led to a change in the three-level spatial structure. Additionally, EGP22363 was more highly expressed in purple peels than in green peels. Collectively, EGP22363 is a strong candidate gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple eggplant peels. These results provide important information for molecular marker-assisted selection in eggplants, and a basis for analyzing the regulatory pathways responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplants.


Asunto(s)
Antocianinas , Mapeo Cromosómico , Frutas , Solanum melongena , Solanum melongena/genética , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Antocianinas/biosíntesis , Antocianinas/genética , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Pigmentación/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Genes de Plantas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo
3.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 269(Pt 2): 132139, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38719008

RESUMEN

Accumulating salinity in soil critically affected growth, development, and yield in plant. However, the mechanisms of plant against salt stress largely remain unknown. Herein, we identified a gene named SmCYP78A7a, which encoded a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and belonged to the CYP78A sub-family, and its transcript level was significantly up-regulated by salt stress and down-regulated by dehydration stress. SmCYP78A7a located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Silencing of SmCYP78A7a enhanced susceptibility of eggplant to salt stress, and significantly down-regulated the transcript levels of salt stress defense related genes SmGSTU10 and SmWRKY11 as well as increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and decreased catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities. In addition, SmCYP78A7a transient expression enhanced eggplant tolerance to salt stress. By chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR (ChIP-PCR), luciferase reporter assay, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), SmWRKY11 activated SmCYP78A7a expression by directly binding to the W-box 6-8 (W-box 6, W-box 7, and W-box 8) within SmCYP78A7a promoter to confer eggplant tolerance to salt stress. In summary, our finds reveal that SmCYP78A7a positively functions in eggplant response to salt stress via forming a positive feedback loop with SmWRKY11, and provide a new insight into regulatory mechanisms of eggplant to salt stress.


Asunto(s)
Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450 , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Estrés Salino , Solanum melongena , Solanum melongena/genética , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/genética , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Estrés Salino/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Retroalimentación Fisiológica , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética
4.
Plant Physiol Biochem ; 211: 108678, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38714126

RESUMEN

The consistently increasing use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in crop optimization practices and their persistence in agro-environment necessitate expounding their influence on sustainable agro-environment. Attempts have been made to understand nanoparticle-plant beneficial bacteria (PBB)- plant interactions; the knowledge of toxic impact of nanomaterials on soil-PBB-vegetable systems and alleviating nanotoxicity using PBB is scarce and inconsistent. This study aims at bio-fabrication of ZnONPs from Rosa indica petal extracts and investigates the impact of PBB on growth and biochemical responses of biofertilized eggplants exposed to phyto-synthesized nano-ZnO. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques revealed nanostructure, triangular shape, size 32.5 nm, and different functional groups of ZnONPs and petal extracts. Inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azotobacter chroococcum improved germination efficiency by 22% and 18% and vegetative growth of eggplants by 14% and 15% under NPs stress. Bio-inoculation enhanced total chlorophyll content by 36% and 14 %, increasing further with higher ZnONP concentrations. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in nano-ZnO and P. fluorescens inoculated eggplant shoots reduced by 15-23% and 9-11%. Moreover, in situ experiment unveiled distortion and accumulation of NPs in roots revealed by scanning electron microscope and confocal laser microscope. The present study highlights the phytotoxicity of biosynthesized ZnONPs to eggplants and demonstrates that PBB improved agronomic traits of eggplants while declining phytochemicals and antioxidant levels. These findings suggest that P. fluorescens and A. chroococcum, with NPs ameliorative activity, can be cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy for alleviating NPs toxicity and promoting eggplant production under abiotic stress, fulfilling vegetable demands.


Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas del Metal , Solanum melongena , Óxido de Zinc , Óxido de Zinc/farmacología , Solanum melongena/efectos de los fármacos , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Solanum melongena/crecimiento & desarrollo , Solanum melongena/microbiología , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/toxicidad , Pseudomonas fluorescens/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas fluorescens/metabolismo , Azotobacter/efectos de los fármacos , Azotobacter/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Clorofila/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/química
5.
Curr Genet ; 70(1): 7, 2024 May 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38743270

RESUMEN

Fermented eggplant is a traditional fermented food, however lactic acid bacteria capable of producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) have not yet been exploited. The present study focused on the production and protective effects against oxidative stress of an EPS produced by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NC4 (NC4-EPS), in addition to deciphering its genomic features and EPS biosynthesis pathway. Among 54 isolates tested, strain NC4 showed the highest EPS yield and antioxidant activity. The maximum EPS production (2.04 ± 0.11 g/L) was achieved by culturing in MRS medium containing 60 g/L sucrose at 37 °C for 48 h. Under 2 mM H2O2 stress, the survival of a yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae treated with 0.4 mg/mL NC4-EPS was 2.4-fold better than non-treated cells, which was in agreement with the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities measured from cell lysates. The complete genome of NC4 composed of a circular chromosome of 2,888,896 bp and 3 circular plasmids. The NC4 genome comprises more genes with annotated function in nitrogen metabolism, phosphorus metabolism, cell division and cell cycle, and iron acquisition and metabolism as compared to other reported L. paracasei. Of note, the eps gene cluster is not conserved across L. paracasei. Pathways of sugar metabolism for EPS biosynthesis were proposed for the first time, in which gdp pathway only present in few plant-derived bacteria was identified. These findings shed new light on the cell-protective activity and biosynthesis of EPS produced by L. paracasei, paving the way for future efforts to enhance yield and tailor-made EPS production for food and pharmaceutical industries.


Asunto(s)
Fermentación , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei , Estrés Oxidativo , Polisacáridos Bacterianos , Solanum melongena , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/biosíntesis , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Solanum melongena/microbiología , Solanum melongena/genética , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei/metabolismo , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Genoma Bacteriano , Alimentos Fermentados/microbiología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética
6.
Genes (Basel) ; 15(4)2024 Mar 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38674350

RESUMEN

Seed dormancy is a life adaptation trait exhibited by plants in response to environmental changes during their growth and development. The dormancy of commercial seeds is the key factor affecting seed quality. Eggplant seed dormancy is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs), but reliable QTLs related to eggplant dormancy are still lacking. In this study, F2 populations obtained through the hybridization of paternally inbred lines with significant differences in dormancy were used to detect regulatory sites of dormancy in eggplant seeds. Three QTLs (dr1.1, dr2.1, and dr6.1) related to seed dormancy were detected on three chromosomes of eggplant using the QTL-Seq technique. By combining nonsynonymous sites within the candidate regions and gene functional annotation analysis, nine candidate genes were selected from three QTL candidate regions. According to the germination results on the eighth day, the male parent was not dormant, but the female parent was dormant. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the expression of nine candidate genes, and the Smechr0201082 gene showed roughly the same trend as that in the phenotypic data. We proposed Smechr0201082 as the potential key gene involved in regulating the dormancy of eggplant seeds. The results of seed experiments with different concentrations of gibberellin A3 (GA3) showed that, within a certain range, the higher the gibberellin concentration, the earlier the emergence and the higher the germination rate. However, higher concentrations of GA3 may have potential effects on eggplant seedlings. We suggest the use of GA3 at a concentration of 200-250 mg·L-1 to treat dormant seeds. This study provides a foundation for the further exploration of genes related to the regulation of seed dormancy and the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of eggplant seed dormancy and germination.


Asunto(s)
Germinación , Latencia en las Plantas , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Semillas , Solanum melongena , Solanum melongena/genética , Solanum melongena/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Latencia en las Plantas/genética , Semillas/genética , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Germinación/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Mapeo Cromosómico , Fenotipo , Genes de Plantas/genética
7.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38683662

RESUMEN

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and flagellated novel bacterial strain, designated MAHUQ-54T, was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of eggplant. The colonies were observed to be light pink coloured, smooth, spherical and 0.2-0.6 mm in diameter when grown on R2A agar medium for 2 days. MAHUQ-54T was able to grow at 15-40 °C, at pH 5.5-9.0 and in the presence of 0-0.5 % NaCl (w/v). The strain gave positive results for both catalase and oxidase tests. The strain was positive for hydrolysis of l-tyrosine, urea, Tween 20 and Tween 80. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Aquincola and is closely related to Aquincola tertiaricarbonis L10T (98.8 % sequence similarity) and Leptothrix mobilis Feox-1T (98.2 %). MAHUQ-54T has a draft genome size of 5 994 516 bp (60 contigs), annotated with 5348 protein-coding genes, 45 tRNA and 5 rRNA genes. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values between MAHUQ-54T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours were 75.8-83.3 and 20.8-25.3 %, respectively. In silico genome mining revealed that MAHUQ-54T has a significant potential for the production of novel natural products in the future. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 70.4 %. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major fatty acids were identified as C16  :  0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16  :  1ω7c and/or C16  :  1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (comprising C18  :  1ω7c and/or C18  :  1ω6c). On the basis of dDDH, ANI value, genotypic analysis, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain MAHUQ-54T represents a novel species within the genus Aquincola, for which the name Aquincola agrisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with MAHUQ-54T (=KACC 22001T = CGMCC 1.18515T) as the type strain.


Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano , Ácidos Grasos , Genoma Bacteriano , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Rizosfera , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Microbiología del Suelo , Solanum melongena , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Solanum melongena/microbiología , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Familia de Multigenes
8.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(8)2024 Apr 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38673847

RESUMEN

Anthocyanins are ubiquitous pigments derived from the phenylpropanoid compound conferring red, purple and blue pigmentations to various organs of horticultural crops. The metabolism of flavonoids in the cytoplasm leads to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin, which is then conveyed to the vacuoles for storage by plant glutathione S-transferases (GST). Although GST is important for transporting anthocyanin in plants, its identification and characterization in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) remains obscure. In this study, a total of 40 GST genes were obtained in the eggplant genome and classified into seven distinct chief groups based on the evolutionary relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana GST genes. The seven subgroups of eggplant GST genes (SmGST) comprise: dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), elongation factor 1Bγ (EF1Bγ), Zeta (Z), Theta(T), Phi(F), Tau(U) and tetra-chlorohydroquinone dehalogenase TCHQD. The 40 GST genes were unevenly distributed throughout the 10 eggplant chromosomes and were predominantly located in the cytoplasm. Structural gene analysis showed similarity in exons and introns within a GST subgroup. Six pairs of both tandem and segmental duplications have been identified, making them the primary factors contributing to the evolution of the SmGST. Light-related cis-regulatory elements were dominant, followed by stress-related and hormone-responsive elements. The syntenic analysis of orthologous genes indicated that eggplant, Arabidopsis and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) counterpart genes seemed to be derived from a common ancestry. RNA-seq data analyses showed high expression of 13 SmGST genes with SmGSTF1 being glaringly upregulated on the peel of purple eggplant but showed no or low expression on eggplant varieties with green or white peel. Subsequently, SmGSTF1 had a strong positive correlation with anthocyanin content and with anthocyanin structural genes like SmUFGT (r = 0.9), SmANS (r = 0.85), SmF3H (r = 0.82) and SmCHI2 (r = 0.7). The suppression of SmGSTF1 through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGs) resulted in a decrease in anthocyanin on the infiltrated fruit surface. In a nutshell, results from this study established that SmGSTF1 has the potential of anthocyanin accumulation in eggplant peel and offers viable candidate genes for the improvement of purple eggplant. The comprehensive studies of the SmGST family genes provide the foundation for deciphering molecular investigations into the functional analysis of SmGST genes in eggplant.


Asunto(s)
Antocianinas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Glutatión Transferasa , Solanum melongena , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Antocianinas/biosíntesis , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Genoma de Planta , Glutatión Transferasa/genética , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Solanum melongena/enzimología , Solanum melongena/genética , Solanum melongena/metabolismo
9.
Plant Cell Rep ; 43(5): 114, 2024 Apr 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38587681

RESUMEN

KEY MESSAGE: SmZHDs was highly expressed in anthocyanin-rich parts of eggplant. SmZHD12 can activate the expression of SmCHS, SmANS, SmDFR and SmF3H. Overexpression of SmZHD12 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. The Zinc finger-homeodomain (ZHD) proteins family genes are known to play a significant role in plant development and physiological processes. However, the evolutionary history and function of the ZHD gene family in eggplant remain largely unexplored. This study categorizes a total of 15 SmZHD genes into SmMIF and SmZHD subfamilies based on conserved domains. The phylogeny, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter elements, and chromosomal locations of the SmZHD genes were comprehensively analyzed. Tissue expression profiles indicate that the majority of SmZHD genes are expressed in anthocyanin-rich areas. qRT-PCR assays revealed distinct expression patterns of SmZHD genes in response to various treatments, indicating their potential involvement in multiple signaling pathways. Analysis of transcriptomic data from light-treated eggplant peel identified SmZHD12 as the most light-responsive gene among the 15 SmZHD genes. Consequently, this study provides further evidence that SmZHD12 facilitates anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis leaves by upregulating the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes, as confirmed by dual-luciferase assays and Arabidopsis genetic transformation. Our study will lay a solid foundation for the in-depth study of the involvement of SmZHD genes in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis , Solanum melongena , Solanum melongena/genética , Antocianinas , Arabidopsis/genética , Evolución Biológica , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica
10.
PeerJ ; 12: e16870, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38563014

RESUMEN

The brinjal fruit and shoot borer (BFSB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a very detrimental pest that causes significant economic losses to brinjal crop worldwide. Infested brinjal fruits were collected from vegetable fields located at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India, during two consecutive seasons (2021-2022). The larvae of the pest were brought to the laboratory and reared under controlled conditions of 25 ± 0.5 °C and 70 ± 5% relative humidity, for the emergence of parasitoids. In addition, the survey of Hymenoptera parasitoids in brinjal was conducted utilizing a sweep net and yellow pan trap over the course of two seasons. The results reveal that five parasitoid species were emerged from L. orbonalis viz., Apanteles hemara Nixon, 1965, Bracon greeni Ashmead 1896 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Goryphus nursei (Cameron, 1907), Trathala flavoorbitalis (Cameron, 1907) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Spalangia gemina Boucek 1963 (Hymenoptera: Spalangiidae). Out of these, A. hemara and S. gemina were documented as new occurrences in Delhi. Additionally, A. hemara was recorded for the first time as a parasite on L. orbonalis. Trathala flavoorbitalis was observed during both seasons and exhibited higher parasitism reaching 15.55% and 18.46% in July and August 2022, respectively. However, the average parasitism (%) recorded by A. hemara, B. greeni, G. nursei, T. flavoorbitalis and S. gemina was 3.10%, 1.76%, 1.10%, 9.28% and 1.20% respectively. Furthermore, the findings showed a significant (p ≤ 0.01) strongly positive correlation between fruit infestation (%) by L. orbonalis and parasitism (%). The survey indicates the presence of a broad group (19 families and 60 species) of Hymenoptera parasitoids in the brinjal crop ecosystem in Delhi which could be valuable in biological control. In light of these results, this study revealed that A. hemara and other parasitoids identified in this study alongside T. flavoorbitalis would be ideal biocontrol agents within the integrated pest management (IPM) program of BFSB in Delhi.


Asunto(s)
Himenópteros , Mariposas Nocturnas , Solanum melongena , Humanos , Animales , Solanum melongena/parasitología , Ecosistema , Complejo Hierro-Dextran , Mariposas Nocturnas/parasitología , Biodiversidad
11.
BMC Plant Biol ; 24(1): 256, 2024 Apr 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38594627

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Climate change has led to severe cold events, adversely impacting global crop production. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), a significant economic crop, is highly susceptible to cold damage, affecting both yield and quality. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms governing cold resistance, including the identification of key genes and comprehensive transcriptional regulatory pathways, is crucial for developing new varieties with enhanced tolerance. RESULTS: In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of leaf physiological indices and transcriptome sequencing results. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) highlighted peroxidase (POD) activity and soluble protein as crucial physiological indicators for both varieties. RNA-seq data analysis revealed that a total of 7024 and 6209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from variety "A" and variety "B", respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment of DEGs demonstrated that the significant roles of starch and sucrose metabolism, glutathione metabolism, terpenoid synthesis, and energy metabolism (sucrose and starch metabolism) were the key pathways in eggplant. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) shown that the enrichment of numerous cold-responsive genes, pathways, and soluble proteins in the MEgrep60 modules. Core hub genes identified in the co-expression network included POD, membrane transporter-related gene MDR1, abscisic acid-related genes, growth factor enrichment gene DELLA, core components of the biological clock PRR7, and five transcription factors. Among these, the core transcription factor MYB demonstrated co-expression with signal transduction, plant hormone, biosynthesis, and metabolism-related genes, suggesting a pivotal role in the cold response network. CONCLUSION: This study integrates physiological indicators and transcriptomics to unveil the molecular mechanisms responsible for the differences in cold tolerance between the eggplant cold-tolerant variety "A" and the cold-sensitive variety "B". These mechanisms include modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevation in osmotic carbohydrate and free proline content, and the expression of terpenoid synthesis genes. This comprehensive understanding contributes valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of cold stress tolerance, ultimately aiding in the improvement of crop cold tolerance.


Asunto(s)
Solanum melongena , Transcriptoma , Solanum melongena/genética , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Fisiología Comparada , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Respuesta al Choque por Frío/genética , Almidón/metabolismo , Sacarosa/metabolismo , Terpenos/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas
12.
Molecules ; 29(6)2024 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38542951

RESUMEN

The fruits of Solanum torvum Swartz, a wild relative of eggplant, are consumed as a wild vegetable in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and South America. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is believed to have anti-inflammatory and sedative effects. In the Philippines, water decoction is used to treat hyperactivity disorder. Twenty-two steroidal saponins were isolated and purified from the fruits grown in Yunnan, China, including six new compounds: torvosides U-Z (1-6). During drying and cooking, the saponins may undergo transformation, resulting in small amounts of sapogenins. These transformations can include dehydration of hydroxyl groups at position C22, formation of double bonds at position 20, 22 or 22, 23, and even formation of peroxide products. Saponin compounds torvoside X (4), torvoside Y (5), torvoside A (7), and (25S)-3-oxo-5α-spirostan-6α-yl-O-ß-d-xylopyranoside (20), which are glycosylated at C-6, showed certain anti-epileptic activity in a pentylenetetrazole-induced zebrafish seizure model. No antiproliferative activity was detected when tested on the cancer cell line HepG2, and no hepatotoxic effect was noted on normal liver cell line LO2.


Asunto(s)
Saponinas , Solanum melongena , Solanum , Animales , Solanum/química , Frutas/química , Pez Cebra , Pentilenotetrazol , China , Saponinas/química , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacología , Anticonvulsivantes/análisis , Convulsiones/inducido químicamente , Convulsiones/tratamiento farmacológico
13.
Protein Expr Purif ; 219: 106474, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38518927

RESUMEN

The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme, which causes enzymatic browning, has been repeatedly purified from fruit and vegetables by affinity chromatography. In the present research, Sepharose 4B-l-tyrosine-4-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid, a novel affinity gel for the purification of the PPO enzyme with high efficiency, was synthesized. Additionally, Sepharose 4B-l-tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid affinity gel, known in the literature, was also synthesized, and 9.02, 16.57, and 28.13 purification folds were obtained for the PPO enzymes of potato, mushroom, and eggplant by the reference gel. The PPO enzymes of potato, mushroom, and eggplant were purified 41.17, 64.47, and 56.78-fold from the new 4-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid gel. Following their isolation from the new affinity column, the assessment of PPO enzyme purity involved the utilization of SDS-PAGE. According to the results from SDS-PAGE and native PAGE, the molecular weight of each enzyme was 50 kDa. Then, the inhibition effects of naringin, morin hydrate, esculin hydrate, homovanillic acid, vanillic acid, phloridzin dihydrate, and p-coumaric acid phenolic compounds on purified potato, mushroom, and eggplant PPO enzyme were investigated. Among the tested phenolic compounds, morin hydrate was determined to be the most potent inhibitor on the potato (Ki: 0.07 ± 0.03 µM), mushroom (Ki: 0.7 ± 0.3 µM), and eggplant (Ki: 4.8 ± 1.2 µM) PPO enzymes. The studies found that the weakest inhibitor was homovanillic acid for the potato (Ki: 1112 ± 324 µM), mushroom (Ki: 567 ± 81 µM), and eggplant (Ki: 2016.7 ± 805.6 µM) PPO enzymes. Kinetic assays indicated that morin hydrate was a remarkable inhibitor on PPO.


Asunto(s)
Catecol Oxidasa , Cromatografía de Afinidad , Catecol Oxidasa/química , Catecol Oxidasa/aislamiento & purificación , Catecol Oxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Agaricales/enzimología , Solanum tuberosum/enzimología , Solanum tuberosum/química , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Solanum melongena/enzimología , Solanum melongena/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Propionatos/química , metaminobenzoatos/química , Ácido 4-Aminobenzoico/química
14.
Physiol Plant ; 176(2): e14239, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38439514

RESUMEN

Salinity is a major stress factor affecting plant growth and development, which limits the productivity of vegetable crops. Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), an important vegetable cultivated across the globe is susceptible to salinity stress. In the present study, the salinity tolerance response of 110 brinjal germplasm lines was evaluated at the germination stage using the membership function value (MFV). The MFV is a comprehensive index that integrates salt-tolerance indices of germination parameters. The brinjal germplasms were classified into highly salt-tolerant (>0.79), salt-tolerant (0.79-0.65), moderately salt-tolerant (0.64-0.21), salt-sensitive (0.20-0.07), and highly salt-sensitive (<0.07) based on their mean MFV. Among all the traits examined, germination percentage (0.874) and vigour index-I (0.808) were the most reliable traits for assessing salinity tolerance, showing a higher correlation with mean MFV. Furthermore, a comprehensive mathematical model was developed for evaluating the salt-tolerance of the brinjal germplasm. We validated our model by evaluating the brinjal germplasm at the seedling stage through a hydroponic experiment, and a strong positive correlation was observed between growth parameters at the germination and seedling stages. Salt-tolerant genotypes showed higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic performance and biomass accumulation with lower canopy temperature (1.57°C) under salinity compared to susceptible genotypes (2.62°C). These findings provide valuable insights into the salinity tolerance of the brinjal germplasm, and identified potential candidates to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and develop salinity-tolerant cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first report using a mathematical model based on MFV to evaluate the salt-tolerance of any vegetable crop.


Asunto(s)
Tolerancia a la Sal , Solanum melongena , Solanum melongena/genética , Salinidad , Estrés Salino , Biomasa
15.
Plant Physiol Biochem ; 209: 108544, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38520965

RESUMEN

Flower abscission is an important developmental process that can significantly reduce the yield of horticultural plants. We previously reported that SmMYB113 is a key transcription factor promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis and improve fruit quality. However, the overexpression of SmMYB113 in eggplant increased flower drop rate and reduced fruit yield. Here, we elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of SmMYB113 on flower abscission in eggplant. RNA-seq analysis indicated that the regulation of flower abscission by SmMYB113 was associated with altered expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction, including ethylene biosynthetic genes SmACS1, SmACS8 and SmACO4. Then, the ethylene content in flowers and the function of ethephon (ETH, which promotes fruit ripening) and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, which acts as an ethylene perception inhibitor) were analyzed, which revealed that SmMYB113 directly regulates ethylene-dependent flower abscission. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays revealed that SmMYB113 could directly bind to the promoters of SmACS1, SmACS8, and SmACO4 to activate their expression. Through construction of a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening library, the protein SmERF38 was found to interact with SmMYB113, and verified by Y2H, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and luciferase complementation assay. Furthermore, dual-luciferase assays showed that SmERF38 enhanced the role of SmMYB113 on the promoters of SmACS1. Our results provided new insight into the molecular mechanism of flower abscission in eggplant.


Asunto(s)
Solanum melongena , Factores de Transcripción , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Solanum melongena/genética , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Etilenos/metabolismo , Flores/metabolismo , Luciferasas/genética , Luciferasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo
16.
Food Chem ; 446: 138899, 2024 Jul 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38452506

RESUMEN

Amitraz (AMT) is a broad-spectrum formamidine insecticide and acaricide. In this study, we produced an anti-AMT monoclonal antibody (mAb) with high performance. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of the anti-AMT mAb was 4.418 ng/mL, the cross reactivity with other insecticides was negligible, and an affinity constant was 2.06 × 109 mmol/L. Additionally, we developed an immunochromatographic assay for the rapid detection of AMT residues in oranges, tomatoes, and eggplants. The cut-off values were 2000 µg/kg in oranges and tomato samples and 1000 µg/kg in eggplant samples and the calculated limits of detection were 14.521 µg/kg, 6.281 µg/kg, and 3.518 µg/kg in oranges, tomatoes, and eggplants, respectively, meeting the detection requirements for AMT in fruits and vegetables. The recovery rates ranged between 95.8 % and 105.2 %, consistent with the recovery rates obtained via LC-MS/MS. Our developed immunochromatographic assay can effectively, accurately, and rapidly determine AMT residues in oranges, tomatoes, and eggplants.


Asunto(s)
Citrus sinensis , Insecticidas , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum melongena , Toluidinas , Cromatografía Liquida , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Límite de Detección , Cromatografía de Afinidad/métodos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática
17.
Food Funct ; 15(5): 2751-2759, 2024 Mar 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38380654

RESUMEN

Heating and cooking vegetables not only enhances their palatability but also modifies their chemical structure, which in turn might affect their fermentation by resident gut microbes. Three commonly consumed vegetables that are known to undergo chemical browning, also known as Maillard reaction, during cooking - eggplant, garlic, and onion - were each fried, grilled, or roasted. The cooked vegetables were then subjected to an in vitro digestion-fermentation process aimed to simulate the passage of food through the human oro-gastro-intestinal tract. In the last step, the undigested fractions of these foods were anaerobically fermented by the complex human gut microbiota. We assessed the structure of microbial communities maintained on each cooked vegetable by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, measured the levels of furosine, a chemical marker of the Maillard browning reaction, by HPLC, and determined the antioxidant capacities in all samples with ABTS and FRAP methods. Overall, vegetable type had the largest, statistically significant, effect on the microbiota structure followed by the cooking method. Onion fermentation supported a more beneficial community including an expansion of Bifidobacterium members and inhibition of Enterobacteriaceae. Fermentation of cooked garlic promoted Faecalibacterium growth. Among cooking methods, roasting led to a much higher ratio of beneficial-to-detrimental microbes in comparison with grilling and frying, possibly due to the exclusion of any cooking oil in the cooking process.


Asunto(s)
Ajo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Microbiota , Solanum melongena , Humanos , Cebollas/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Fermentación , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Culinaria/métodos , Verduras/química
18.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(3): 293, 2024 Feb 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38383675

RESUMEN

Utilizing engineered wetlands for the cultivation of vegetables can help to overcome the problems of water and food scarcity. These wetlands are primarily designed for wastewater treatment, and their efficiency and effectiveness can be improved by selecting an appropriate substrate. To investigate the potential for nutrient and microbial removal, the Abelmoschus esculentus, Solanum melongena, and Capsicum annuum L. plants were selected to grow in a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) under natural conditions. The removal efficiency of the A. esculentus, S. melongena, and C. annuum L. in the CW system varied between 59.8 to 68.5% for total phosphorous (TP), 40.3 to 53.1% for ammonium (NH4+), and 33.6 to 45.1% for total nitrogen (TN). The influent sample contained multiple pathogenic bacteria, including Alcaligenes faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, with Capsicum annuum exhibiting a positive association with 7 of the 11 detected species, whereas microbial removal efficiency was notably higher in the S. melongena bed, potentially attributed to temperature variations and plant-facilitated oxygen release rates. While utilizing constructed wetlands for vegetable cultivation holds promising potential to address the disparity between water and food supply and yield various environmental, economic, and social benefits, it is crucial to note that the wastewater source may contain heavy metals, posing a risk of their transmission to humans through the food chain.


Asunto(s)
Abelmoschus , Capsicum , Solanum melongena , Humanos , Aguas Residuales , Humedales , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Nutrientes , Plantas , Nitrógeno/análisis , Verduras , Agua , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos
19.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(4)2024 Feb 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38396743

RESUMEN

Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) is an important calmodulin-binding protein with a conserved structure in eukaryotes which is widely involved in plant stress response, growth and development, hormone signal transduction, and other biological processes. Although CAMTA genes have been identified and characterized in many plant species, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of CAMTA genes in the Solanaceae genome is performed for the first time in this study. A total of 28 CAMTA genes were identified using bioinformatics tools, and the biochemical/physicochemical properties of these proteins were investigated. CAMTA genes were categorized into three major groups according to phylogenetic analysis. Tissue-expression profiles indicated divergent spatiotemporal expression patterns of SmCAMTAs. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of SmCAMTA genes showed that exposure to cold induced differential expression of many eggplant CAMTA genes. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescent complementary assays suggested an interaction between SmCAMTA2 and SmERF1, promoting the transcription of the cold key factor SmCBF2, which may be an important mechanism for plant cold resistance. In summary, our results provide essential information for further functional research on Solanaceae family genes, and possibly other plant families, in the determination of the development of plants.


Asunto(s)
Solanaceae , Solanum melongena , Respuesta al Choque por Frío/genética , Solanum melongena/genética , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Solanaceae/metabolismo , Filogenia , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Estrés Fisiológico/genética
20.
Plant Sci ; 341: 112014, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38309473

RESUMEN

Brassinosteroids (BRs) function importantly in plant growth and development, but the roles in regulating fruit development and anthocyanin pigmentation remain unclear. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important Solanaceae vegetable crop rich in anthocyanins. The fruit size and coloration are important agronomic traits for eggplant breeding. In this study, transgenic eggplant exhibiting endogenous BRs deficiency was created by overexpressing a heterologous BRs-inactivating enzyme gene GhPAG1 driven by CaMV 35 S promoter. 35 S::GhPAG1 eggplant exhibited severe dwarfism, reduced fruit size, and less anthocyanin accumulation. Microscopic observation showed that the cell size of 35 S::GhPAG1 eggplant was significantly reduced compared to WT. Furthermore, the levels of IAA, ME-IAA, and active JAs (JA, JA-ILE, and H2JA) all decreased in 35 S::GhPAG1 eggplant fruit. RNA-Seq analyses showed a decrease in the expression of genes involved in cell elongation, auxin signaling, and JA signaling. Besides, overexpression of GhPAG1 significantly downregulated anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and associated transcription regulators. Altogether, these results strongly suggest that endogenous brassinosteroid deficiency arising from GhPAG1 overexpression impacts eggplant fruit development and anthocyanin coloration mainly by altering hormone homeostasis.


Asunto(s)
Antocianinas , Solanum melongena , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Solanum melongena/genética , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Frutas/metabolismo , Fitomejoramiento , Hormonas/metabolismo , Homeostasis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas
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