RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The utilization of islet-like cells derived from pluripotent stem cells may resolve the scarcity of islet transplantation donors. The subcutaneous space is a promising transplantation site because of its capacity for graft observation and removal, thereby ensuring safety. To guarantee subcutaneous islet transplantation, physicians should ensure ample blood supply. Numerous methodologies, including prevascularization, have been investigated to augment blood flow, but the optimal approach remains undetermined. METHODS: From C57BL/6 mice, 500 syngeneic islets were transplanted into the prevascularized subcutaneous site of recipient mice by implanting agarose rods with basic fibroblast growth factor at 1 and 2 wk. Before transplantation, the blood glucose levels, cell infiltration, and cytokine levels at the transplant site were evaluated. Furthermore, we examined the impact of the extracellular matrix capsule on graft function and the inflammatory response. RESULTS: Compared with the 1-wk group, the 2-wk group exhibited improved glycemic control, indicating that longer prevascularization enhanced transplant success. Flow cytometry analysis detected immune cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, in the extracellular matrix capsules, whereas cytometric bead array analysis indicated the release of inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines. Treatment with antitumor necrosis factor and anti-interleukin-6R antibodies in the 1-wk group improved graft survival, similar to the 2-wk group. CONCLUSIONS: In early prevascularization before subcutaneous transplantation, neutrophil and macrophage accumulation prevented early engraftment owing to inflammatory cytokine production.
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Glucemia , Citocinas , Supervivencia de Injerto , Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos/métodos , Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos/inmunología , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Ratones , Masculino , Factores de Tiempo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/cirugía , Tejido Subcutáneo/irrigación sanguínea , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Islotes Pancreáticos/inmunología , Islotes Pancreáticos/irrigación sanguínea , Neovascularización FisiológicaRESUMEN
Warnerin pretreatment of catheter segments subcutaneously implanted to mice under conditions of immunosuppression led to a significant increase in the number of neutrophils in the surrounding tissues on day 1; the number of fibroblasts tended to decrease by day 3. Immunohistochemical study showed the presence of T and B lymphocytes on day 3, but no positive reactions to vimentin and CD34 were observed during the first 2 days. These changes suggest that warnerin reduced the intensity of regeneration processes in tissues around the implant, which can be used for suppression of fibrosis.
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Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/farmacología , Bacteriocinas/farmacología , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Politetrafluoroetileno/farmacología , Regeneración/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Animales no Consanguíneos , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Catéteres de Permanencia , Fibrosis/prevención & control , Expresión Génica , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Mastocitos/inmunología , Ratones , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Regeneración/inmunología , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Vimentina/genética , Vimentina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Heterogeneity of symptoms and individual variability of progression characterizes Parkinson's disease. Unmet therapeutic needs include a cure, disease modification, and improvement of available marketed dopamine-substituting compounds. Personalized treatment, tailored to the patients' needs and symptoms, aims to ameliorate impaired motor behavior and non-motor features. Injection or infusion of apomorphine is a therapeutic option for more advanced patients with severe levodopa associated motor complications. AREAS COVERED: This narrative review summarizes the subcutaneous administration, efficacy, and side effects of the non-ergot derivative dopamine agonist apomorphine following a non-systematic literature research. EXPERT OPINION: Subcutaneous apomorphine hydrochloride application rapidly terminates intervals with severe motor impairment with bolus injections. Oscillation of motor behavior well responds to continuous apomorphine infusions. Long-term application of the commercially available apomorphine hydrochloride solution sooner or later affects skin and oral mucosa. Onset of skin nodules associated with subcutaneous tissue inflammation probably results from the antioxidant preservative sodium metabisulfite in the apomorphine solution. Addition of another better tolerated and safer antioxidant instead of sodium metabisulphite or use of an already available concentrated apomorphine-free base formulation will enhance its future use, its tolerability, safety, and acceptance of subcutaneous and sublingual application.
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Antiparkinsonianos/administración & dosificación , Apomorfina/administración & dosificación , Agonistas de Dopamina/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Antiparkinsonianos/efectos adversos , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapéutico , Apomorfina/efectos adversos , Apomorfina/uso terapéutico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Agonistas de Dopamina/efectos adversos , Agonistas de Dopamina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Reacción en el Punto de Inyección , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Levodopa/administración & dosificación , Levodopa/efectos adversos , Levodopa/uso terapéutico , Tejido Subcutáneo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunologíaRESUMEN
To evaluate the effect of GuttaFlow bioseal (GFB) and MTA Fillapex (MTAF) in comparison with Endofill (EF) in the subcutaneous tissue. Polyethylene tubes with GFB, MTAF, EF or empty tubes (control group; CG) were implanted into subcutaneous of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the capsule thickness, inflammatory reaction, interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), caspase-3, TUNEL-positive cells, von Kossa and ultrastructural features were evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). At all periods, the number of IL-6- and VEGF-immunolabelled cells, and capsule thickness were lower in GFB than MTAF, which was lower than EF (p < 0.0001). At 60 days, the number of inflammatory cells was similar in GFB and MTAF (p = 0.58). Significant differences in the number of TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive cells were not observed among GFB, MTAF and CG whereas the highest values were found in EF specimens. The EF specimens exhibited several cells with condensed chromatin, typical of apoptosis. von Kossa-positive and birefringent structures were only observed in GFB and MTAF, suggesting the presence of calcite crystals. Taken together, these results show that cellular and structural damage induced by GFB and MTAF sealers were recovery over time. Moreover, these sealers express bioactive potential in subcutaneous tissue.
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Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/farmacología , Gutapercha/farmacología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Animales , Apoptosis/inmunología , Caspasa 3/inmunología , Combinación de Medicamentos , Inflamación/inmunología , Inflamación/patología , Interleucina-6/inmunología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Tejido Subcutáneo/patología , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Introduction. The poor long-term adherence is known to affect the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). In the case of injection AIT (SCIT), one of the main determinants is the inconvenience for patients to undergo prolonged build-up phases. Thus, simplifying the time schedule of the induction protocol could be effective in increasing the adherence to SCIT. METHODS: We backtracked the SCIT renewal orders, thanks to the cooperation of the manufacturing company, and we compared the long-term adherence of 152 patients, who were prescribed with an abbreviated build-up schedule (4 injections, allergoid) with that of 302 patients treated with the same product, but with the traditional build-up protocol (7 injections). RESULTS: According to the patient-named refills, those patients on the abbreviated build-up were significantly more compliant at the 2nd and 3rd year of treatment compared to the other group (p=0.0001). The drop-out rate after one year was also significantly lower between the two groups (p=0.0001). The drop-out rate after one year was also significantly lower between the two groups (p=0.0001). The drop-out rate after one year was also significantly lower between the two groups (. CONCLUSIONS: Abbreviating the build-up phase by reducing the number of injections significantly improves patients' adherence to SCIT.
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Alérgenos/administración & dosificación , Desensibilización Inmunológica/métodos , Inyecciones Subcutáneas/métodos , Cooperación del Paciente , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Insulin infusion pump, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and insulin infusion set (IIS) have been developed to be increasingly feasible for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Several recently approved CGMs are transitioning from 7-day to 10-day wear time without the need for fingerprick recalibration. Nevertheless, studies and improvements on IIS, a critical part of insulin pump therapy, have been limited. In particular, the recommended wear time of IIS is still 2-3 days, which can hardly match the current duration of CGM for potential closed-loop system development. It is generally believed that both the inserted catheter and the subsequent infused insulin drug could induce particular subcutaneous tissue response and skin-related complications at the infusion site. In certain cases, poor glycaemic control, increased risk of hypoglycemia, and serious cosmetic impact on people with diabetes were observed. Skin complication has also been attributed as an important factor resulting users to discontinue insulin pump therapy. This article provides the rare systematic review of IIS induced subcutaneous tissue responses and skin complications, including the impacts from the inserted catheters, the subcutaneous infused insulin, and the adhesive or tape used to immobilize the catheter. The FDA's recommendation for the frequency of IIS change was further discussed. Future studies on this topic are required to further understand the IIS-related problems, and future strategies could be developed accordingly to significantly reduce the incidence of these problems, extend the wear time, and increase the acceptance of insulin pump based therapy.
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Catéteres , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño , Infusiones Subcutáneas/instrumentación , Reacción en el Punto de Inyección , Glucemia/análisis , Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea/instrumentación , Catéteres/efectos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiología , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/epidemiología , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/etiología , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/patología , Humanos , Infusiones Subcutáneas/efectos adversos , Reacción en el Punto de Inyección/epidemiología , Reacción en el Punto de Inyección/etiología , Reacción en el Punto de Inyección/inmunología , Reacción en el Punto de Inyección/patología , Sistemas de Infusión de Insulina/efectos adversos , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Tejido Subcutáneo/patologíaRESUMEN
The surface of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is grafted with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layers via surface-initiated photopolymerization to suppress the capsular contracture resulting from a foreign body reaction. Owing to the nature of photo-induced polymerization, various PAA micropatterns can be fabricated using photolithography. Hole and stripe micropatterns ≈100-µm wide and 3-µm thick are grafted onto the PDMS surface without delamination. The incorporation of PAA micropatterns provides not only chemical cues by hydrophilic PAA microdomains but also topographical cues by hole or stripe micropatterns. In vitro studies reveal that a PAA-grafted PDMS surface has a lower proliferation of both macrophages (Raw 264.7) and fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) regardless of the pattern presence. However, PDMS with PAA micropatterns, especially stripe micropatterns, minimizes the aggregation of fibroblasts and their subsequent differentiation into myofibroblasts. An in vivo study also shows that PDMS samples with stripe micropatterns polarized macrophages into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and most effectively inhibits capsular contracture, which is demonstrated by investigation of inflammation score, transforming-growth-factor-ß expression, number of macrophages, and myofibroblasts as well as the collagen density and capsule thickness.
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Resinas Acrílicas/farmacología , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/farmacología , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/inmunología , Implantes Experimentales , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Subcutáneo/efectos de los fármacos , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/química , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/inducido químicamente , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Masculino , Ratones , Células 3T3 NIH , Células RAW 264.7 , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Piel/inmunología , Piel/metabolismo , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Tejido Subcutáneo/metabolismo , Propiedades de Superficie , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Antibody therapeutics with poor solubility in the subcutaneous matrix may carry unintended risks when administered to patients. The objective of this work was to estimate the risk of antibodies that precipitate in vitro at neutral pH by determining the impact of poor solubility on distribution of the drug from the injection site as well as immunogenicity in vivo. Using fluorescence imaging in a mouse model, we show that one such precipitation-prone antibody is retained at the injection site in the subcutaneous space longer than a control antibody. In addition, we demonstrate that retention at the injection site through aggregation is concentration-dependent and leads to macrophage association and germinal center localization. Although there was delayed disposition of the aggregated antibody to draining lymph nodes, no overall impact on the immune response in lymph nodes, systemic exposure of the antibody, or enhancement of the anti-drug antibody response was evident. Unexpectedly, retention of the precipitated antibody in the subcutaneous space delayed the onset of the immune response and led to an immune suppressive response. Thus, we conclude that precipitation due to poor solubility of high doses of antibody formulations delivered subcutaneously may not be of special concern in terms of exposure or immunogenicity.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Reacción en el Punto de Inyección/inmunología , Agregado de Proteínas/inmunología , Tejido Subcutáneo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Femenino , Centro Germinal/efectos de los fármacos , Centro Germinal/inmunología , Humanos , Reacción en el Punto de Inyección/sangre , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Masculino , Ratones , Solubilidad , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
AIM: To compare the formation of fibrous capsules around Biodentine and MTA Angelus implants as well as the participation of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) and mast cells in the tissue response to these endodontic materials. METHODOLOGY: Sixty polyethylene tubes filled with Biodentine or MTA, and empty tubes (control group) were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissues of male rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the specimens were embedded in paraffin and the number of fibroblasts and mast cells was quantified in the sections stained with Masson's trichrome or Alcian Blue, respectively. FGF-1 and Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the number of immunolabelled cells was computed. The collagen content was estimated in the picrosirius red-stained sections. The data were subjected to two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: The capsules were associated with a significant increase (P < 0.0001) in the number of fibroblasts and mast cells, and in the collagen content over time. A significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in the immunoexpression of FGF-1 and Ki-67 was observed in all groups from the 7th-60th day. At 60 days, the number of fibroblasts (P = 0.0226) and the collagen content (P < 0.0001) were significantly greater in MTA than Biodentine specimens, while the greatest number of mast cells and FGF-1-immunolabelled cells was observed in Biodentine specimens (P < 0.0001). A significant difference in Ki-67 immunoexpression was not detected between specimens of Biodentine and MTA. CONCLUSIONS: The collagen-rich capsule formed slowly around Biodentine in comparison with MTA. FGF-1 and mast cells participated in capsule remodelling, stimulating fibroblast proliferation and subsequent collagen production, in response to subcutaneous implants.
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Bismuto/farmacología , Compuestos de Calcio/farmacología , Factor 1 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Mastocitos/metabolismo , Óxidos/farmacología , Silicatos/farmacología , Tejido Subcutáneo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Subcutáneo/metabolismo , Animales , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colágeno/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/patología , Inmunohistoquímica , Implantes Experimentales , Masculino , Mastocitos/inmunología , Mastocitos/patología , Ensayo de Materiales , Ratas , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Lupus erythematosus profundus (LEP) is a variant of lupus erythematosus, involving the deep dermis and subcutaneous fat. LEP is characterized by the presence of lymphoid follicles (LF) and germinal centers (GC). However, it remains unknown whether these lymphoid structures correspond to the lymphoid tissues such as cutaneous tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO). Previously, we identified dynamically orchestrated cellular elements in murine contact dermatitis that resembled lymphoid structures, which we termed inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissues (iSALT). We subsequently reported structures analogous to iSALT in human secondary syphilis, suggesting that iSALT can also exist in humans. Here, we studied ectopic lymphoid tissues in the lesions of LEP by immunohistochemistry and compared their characteristics with those of TLO. We demonstrated that LF of LEP were composed of B-cell follicles intermingled with CXCL13-expressing cells, distinct aggregations of T cells, and some blood vessels expressing peripheral node addressin. These findings indicate that LF of LEP can be considered as a type of iSALT.
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Tejido Linfoide/patología , Paniculitis de Lupus Eritematoso/patología , Piel/patología , Tejido Subcutáneo/patología , Adulto , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL13/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Tejido Linfoide/citología , Tejido Linfoide/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paniculitis de Lupus Eritematoso/inmunología , Piel/citología , Piel/inmunología , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Synovial sarcoma (SS) accounts for 5%-10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. It is a well-defined soft tissue neoplasm with biphasic and monophasic histologic subtypes and unknown histogenesis. It usually occurs in the extremities, especially the thigh-knee region of young adults. Recurrences are frequent and distant metastasis developed in approximately half of the patients. SSs are characterized by a recurrent nonrandom chromosomal translocation, t(X; 18) (p11; q11), which is considered the primary genetic event in more than 90% of cases. Only 4 cases of cutaneous and subcutaneous SSs have been published in the literature so far. We report a case of primary subcutaneous SS in the forearm of a young woman and discuss the histopathologic differential diagnosis with other similar neoplasms. This is the first reported case of primary cutaneous SS showing immunoreactivity for TLE1 in the nuclei of neoplastic cells, supporting the use of this marker for diagnosis of this rare cutaneous neoplasm.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/inmunología , Inmunohistoquímica , Proteínas Represoras/inmunología , Sarcoma Sinovial/inmunología , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/inmunología , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Adulto , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biopsia , Proteínas Co-Represoras , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Antebrazo , Reordenamiento Génico , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Sarcoma Sinovial/genética , Sarcoma Sinovial/patología , Sarcoma Sinovial/cirugía , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/genética , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/patología , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/cirugía , Tejido Subcutáneo/patología , Tejido Subcutáneo/cirugíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to develop a 3D cell culture model of the human subcutaneous tissue, allowing the prediction of the immunogenicity of subcutaneously injected therapeutic proteins. Several hydrogels were evaluated as scaffolds to mimic the human subcutaneous tissue in vitro. Cytocompatibility of the hydrogels with the human myelomonocytic cell line (MUTZ-3) was investigated, as well as their influence on cellular phenotype changes. Elastic Young's moduli in compression of the hydrogels were measured by a texture analyser and compared to ex vivo human samples. MUTZ-3 cells were differentiated into dendritic cells before embedding in hydrogels. Agarose at various concentrations (0.5%, 0.35% and 0.25% w/v), Geltrex® matrix and HyStem™ scaffold (1% w/v) displayed a wide range of elastic Young's moduli from 560â¯kPa to 49â¯kPa, compared to the reference value of 23â¯kPa obtained for human tissue. With the exception of HyStem™, good cytocompatibility of hydrogels was shown at the concentrations tested. An optimal combination of MUTZ-3 cells with 0.25% agarose or Geltrex® is suggested.
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Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Células Dendríticas , Hidrogeles , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Andamios del Tejido , Adulto , Diferenciación Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular , Módulo de Elasticidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare autosomic-dominant disorder characterized by a deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor which causes episodic swellings of subcutaneous tissues, bowel walls and upper airways that are disabling and potentially life-threatening. We evaluated n = 17 patients with confirmed HAE diagnosis during attack and remission state and n = 19 healthy subjects. The samples were tested for a panel of IL (Interleukin)-17-type cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) subtypes. Data indicate that there are variations of cytokine levels in HAE subjects comparing the condition during the crisis respect to the value in the remission phase, in particular type 17 signature cytokines are increased, whereas IL-23 is unmodified and TGF-ß3 is significantly reduced. When comparing healthy and HAE subjects in the remission state, we found a significant difference for IL-17, GM-CSF, IL-21, TGF-ß1 and TGF-ß2 cytokines. These results confirm and extend our previous findings indicating that in HAE there is operating an inflammatory activation process, which involves also T helper 17 (Th17) cytokines and TGF-ß isoforms, associated with localized angioedema attacks and characterized by elevated bradykinin levels.
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Angioedemas Hereditarios/diagnóstico , Angioedemas Hereditarios/inmunología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/inmunología , Interleucina-17/inmunología , Células Th17/inmunología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Angioedemas Hereditarios/genética , Angioedemas Hereditarios/patología , Bradiquinina/genética , Bradiquinina/inmunología , Bronquios/inmunología , Bronquios/patología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Proteína Inhibidora del Complemento C1/genética , Proteína Inhibidora del Complemento C1/inmunología , Femenino , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/genética , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/inmunología , Humanos , Interleucina-17/genética , Interleucina-23/genética , Interleucina-23/inmunología , Interleucinas/genética , Interleucinas/inmunología , Intestinos/inmunología , Intestinos/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Tejido Subcutáneo/patología , Células Th17/patología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genética , Interleucina-22RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inflammatory response induced by experimental tricalcium silicate cement with 20% zirconium oxide (TSC) and MTA Plus (MTAP; Avalon Biomed Inc, Bradenton, FL) in rat subcutaneous tissues. METHODS: Polyethylene tubes were filled with TSC (n = 20) and MTAP (n = 20) and implanted in the dorsal subcutaneous tissues of 32 rats. Empty tubes were used as the control (control group [CG], n = 20). After 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, the tubes with connective tissue were removed, and the inflammatory cells and immunolabeled cells for interleukin 6 (IL-6) were counted. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and the Tukey test (P ≤ .05). RESULTS: An increased number of inflammatory and immunolabeled cells for IL-6 were observed at 7 days. The number of inflammatory cells was higher for TSC and MTAP than the CG (P < .001) at 7 days; after 30 and 60 days, no significant differences were observed among the TSC, MTAP, and CG (P = .955). The number of immunolabeled cells for IL-6 was similar for TSC, MTAP, and CG at all evaluated periods. A gradual and significant decrease was observed in the number of inflammatory cells and IL-6-immunopositive cells. At 60 days, the capsules adjacent to TSC and MTAP exhibited fibroblasts and bundles of collagen fibers. CONCLUSIONS: TSC and MTAP caused a similar subcutaneous reaction in rats, suggesting that they are biocompatible and present similar immune responses.
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Compuestos de Aluminio , Compuestos de Calcio , Interleucina-6/biosíntesis , Interleucina-6/inmunología , Óxidos , Prótesis e Implantes , Silicatos , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Resinas Acrílicas , Animales , Combinación de Medicamentos , Ensayo de Materiales , RatasRESUMEN
Biotherapeutics is a rapidly growing drug class, and over 200 biotherapeutics have already obtained approval, with about 50 of these being approved in 2015 and 2016 alone. Several hundred protein therapeutic products are still in the pipeline, including interesting new approaches to treatment. Owing to patients' convenience of at home administration and reduced number of hospital visits as well as the reduction in treatment costs, subcutaneous (SC) administration of biologics is of increasing interest. Although several avenues for treatment using biotherapeutics are being explored, there is still a sufficient gap in knowledge regarding the interplay of formulation conditions, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of the absorption of these compounds when they are given SC. This review seeks to highlight the major concerns and important factors governing this route of administration and suggest a holistic approach for effective SC delivery.
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Proteínas/administración & dosificación , Proteínas/farmacocinética , Tejido Subcutáneo/metabolismo , Animales , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/inmunología , Humanos , Inyecciones Subcutáneas/efectos adversos , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/administración & dosificación , Farmacocinética , Proteínas/efectos adversos , Proteínas/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/efectos adversos , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacocinética , Piel/anatomía & histología , Piel/inmunología , Piel/metabolismo , Tejido Subcutáneo/anatomía & histología , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunologíaRESUMEN
To evaluate systemic immunity associated with tumor growth limited to a subcutaneous site versus growth proceeding at multiple tumor sites, we established syngeneic mouse subcutaneous and pulmonary tumor models by local subcutaneous and intravenous injection of colon carcinoma CT26 cells. We found that splenic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) levels were significantly increased in the subcutaneous tumor model but not in the pulmonary tumor model. Furthermore, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells were significantly decreased in the subcutaneous tumor model and were largely unchanged in the pulmonary tumor model. In addition, the subcutaneous model, but not the pulmonary model, displayed a Th1 polarization bias. This bias was characterized by decreased IL-4, IL-9, and IL-10 production, whereas the pulmonary model displayed increased production of IL-10. These results suggest that the mode of tumor development has differential effects on systemic immunity that may, in turn, influence approaches to treatment of cancer patients.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Neoplasias del Colon/inmunología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide/inmunología , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias del Colon/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Femenino , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Interleucina-9/metabolismo , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Trasplante de Neoplasias/métodos , Neoplasias Experimentales/inmunología , Neoplasias Experimentales/patología , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Tejido Subcutáneo/patología , Células TH1/inmunología , Trasplante Isogénico/métodosRESUMEN
The aim of this double-blind randomized study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC) by means of morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. RMGICs were selected and divided into four groups: Group CK (Crosslink Orthodontic Band Cement); Group RS (Resilience Light Cure Band Cement) Group RMO (RMO Band Cement), Group TP (Transbond Plus Light Cure Band), and Group C (Control-polyethylene). The materials were implanted in rat subcutaneous tissues, randomly selected for this study. After time intervals of 7, 15, and 30 days the tissues were submitted to morphological analysis. In immunohistochemical analysis, the immuno-marking of antibody CD68 was evaluated. The results obtained were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < .05). In the morphological analysis after 7 days, Groups RS, RMO and TP showed more intense inflammatory infiltrate (p = .004) and only Group RMO presented greater intensity of multinucleated giant cells (p = .027). In the immunohistochemical analysis, Groups RMO and RS were observed to present a larger quantity of CD68+ (p = .004) in the time interval of 7 days and only Group RMO presented statistically significant difference for this parameter after 15 days (p = .026). In the time interval of 30 days, Group RMO presented the largest quantity of multinucleated giant cells (p < .004). The RMGICS Crosslink and Transbond Plus provided significantly better tissue biocompatibility than the Resilience and RMO Cements.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Bisfenol A Glicidil Metacrilato/análisis , Cementos Dentales/análisis , Cementos de Resina/química , Animales , Antígenos CD , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica , Materiales Biocompatibles/análisis , Bisfenol A Glicidil Metacrilato/química , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Cementos Dentales/química , Método Doble Ciego , Células Gigantes/inmunología , Células Gigantes/ultraestructura , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Inflamación , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/fisiología , Masculino , Ensayo de Materiales/métodos , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Cementos de Resina/análisis , Tejido Subcutáneo/anatomía & histología , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Tejido Subcutáneo/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: High-dose intravenous immune globulins (IVIg) are frequently used in refractory juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) but are often poorly tolerated. High-dose recombinant human hyaluronidase-facilitated subcutaneous immune globulins (fSCIg) allow the administration of much higher doses of immune globulins than conventional subcutaneous immune globulin therapy and may be an alternative to IVIg. The safety and efficacy of fSCIg therapy in JDM is unknown. CASE PRESENTATION: In this retrospective case series, five patients with steroid-refractory severe JDM were treated with high-dose fSCIg due to IVIg adverse effects (severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, difficult venous access). Peak serum IgG levels, muscle enzymes, the childhood myositis assessment scale and adverse effects were retrieved for at least 6 months following intiation of fSCIg. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Patients initially received fSCIg 1 g/kg every 14 days, resulting in median IgG peak levels of 1901 mg/dl (1606-2719 mg/dl), compared to median IgG peak and trough levels while previously receiving IVIg of 2741 mg/dl (2429-2849 mg/dl) and 1351 mg/dl (1156-1710 mg/dl). Additional antirheumatic therapies consisted of low-dose glucocorticoid therapy, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil and/or rituximab. Two patients maintained clinically inactive disease and three patients had only a partial treatment response. In the three patients with partial treatment response, fSCIg 1 g/kg was then given on days 1 and 6 of every 28-day cycle resulting in IgG peak levels of between 2300-2846 mg/dl (previously 1606-1901 mg/dl on the biweekly regimen), resulting in clinically inactive disease in two of the three patients. There were no relevant adverse effects that limited continuation of fSCIg treatment. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose fSCIg is well-tolerated in patients with JDM and high peak serum IgG levels can be achieved which may be important for treatment success. High-dose fSCIg may therefore be an alternative to high-dose IVIg and deserves further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This is a case series and data were retrospectively registered.
Asunto(s)
Dermatomiositis , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/prevención & control , Hialuronoglucosaminidasa , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas , Tejido Subcutáneo , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Niño , Dermatomiositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatomiositis/inmunología , Dermatomiositis/fisiopatología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Monitoreo de Drogas/métodos , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Hialuronoglucosaminidasa/administración & dosificación , Hialuronoglucosaminidasa/farmacocinética , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/administración & dosificación , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/efectos adversos , Factores Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Factores Inmunológicos/efectos adversos , Inmunomodulación , Masculino , Monitorización Inmunológica/métodos , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacocinética , Tejido Subcutáneo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of two types of calcium hydroxide paste in subcutaneous tissue in rat. Twenty-two Wistar rats were divided into 4 experimental (n=5 each) and one control (n=2) group. A polyethylene tube filled with either Dentsply or Sure-Paste was implanted in each rat in the experimental groups, while an empty polyethylene tube was used in the control group. After 15 or 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and histopathological examination carried out. Tissue reaction was assessed by inflammatory cell infiltration using a 4-point scoring system, ranging from 0 to 3. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and McNemar tests. Both types of paste induced an inflammatory response at each time point, although the intensity varied. A significant reduction in the number of inflammatory cells was observed at 60 days. Dentsply appeared to induce a more marked inflammatory response at both time points, although the difference was not significant. These results suggest that both types of paste are biocompatible with subcutaneous tissue in rat.
Asunto(s)
Hidróxido de Calcio/efectos adversos , Hidróxido de Calcio/farmacología , Inflamación/etiología , Ensayo de Materiales/métodos , Tejido Subcutáneo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Subcutáneo/patología , Animales , Materiales Biocompatibles/efectos adversos , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Colágeno/efectos de los fármacos , Edema/etiología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibrosis/etiología , Granulocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Granulocitos/inmunología , Inflamación/inmunología , Necrosis/etiología , Fagocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Fagocitos/inmunología , Polimetil Metacrilato/efectos adversos , Polimetil Metacrilato/farmacología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/efectos adversos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Tejido Subcutáneo/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Computational modeling and simulation play an important role in analyzing the behavior of complex biological systems in response to the implantation of biomedical devices. Quantitative computational modeling discloses the nature of foreign body responses. Such understanding will shed insight on the cause of foreign body responses, which will lead to improved biomaterial design and will reduce foreign body reactions. One of the major obstacles in computational modeling is to build a mathematical model that represents the biological system and to quantitatively define the model parameters. RESULTS: In this paper, we considered quantitative inter connections and logical relationships among diverse proteins and cells, which have been reported in biological experiments and literature. Based on the established biological discovery, we have built a mathematical model while unveiling the key components that contribute to biomaterial-mediated inflammatory responses. For the parameter estimation of the mathematical model, we proposed a global optimization algorithm, called Discrete Selection Levenberg-Marquardt (DSLM). This is an extension of Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm which is a gradient-based local optimization algorithm. The proposed DSLM suggests a new approach for the selection of optimal parameters in the discrete space with fast computational convergence. CONCLUSIONS: The computational modeling not only provides critical clues to recognize current knowledge of fibrosis development but also enables the prediction of yet-to-be observed biological phenomena.