RESUMEN
OBJETIVO: identificar na literatura científica aplicações para o uso da ultrassonografia por enfermeiros no bloco operatório. MÉTODO: revisão de escopo realizada de acordo com a metodologia proposta pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs para responder à pergunta norteadora: Quais os possíveis usos da ultrassonografia por enfermeiros do bloco operatório? Os artigos foram buscados nas principais bases internacionais de literatura científica e cinzenta. Os descritores utilizados serão ultrassonografia e centros cirúrgicos. A pesquisa se orientou pelo acrônimo P-C-C: P Participantes: Equipe de Enfermagem do Centro Cirúrgico; C Conceito: Ultrassonografia; C - Contexto: Centro Cirúrgico. Registro do protocolo: osf.io/p8zne. RESULTADOS: os estudos encontrados versavam sobre três usos principais da ultrassonografia para enfermeiros perioperatórios no cenário do bloco operatório: avaliação gástrica (N=7), avaliação de conteúdo vesical (N=10) e auxiliar para punção periférica venosa e arterial (N=3). CONCLUSÃO: os enfermeiros perioperatórios devem buscar formação para práticas avançadas incluindo o uso de ultrassonografia como auxiliar em sua prática.
OBJECTIVE: To identify applications for using ultrasonography by nurses in the operating room in the scientific literature. METHOD: Scope review carried out according to the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute to answer the guiding question: What are the possible uses of ultrasound by nurses in the operating room? The articles were sought in the main international scientific and gray literature bases. The descriptors used will be ultrasonography and surgical centers. The research was guided by the acronym P-C-C: P Participants: Surgical Center Nursing Team; C - Concept: Ultrasound; C - Context: Surgical Center. Protocol Registration: osf.io/p8zne. RESULTS: The studies found covered three main uses of ultrasound for perioperative nurses in the operating room scenario: gastric evaluation (N=7), evaluation of vesical content (N=10), and auxiliary for venous and arterial peripheral puncture (N=3). CONCLUSION: Perioperative nurses should seek training for advanced practices, including using ultrasound to aid in their practice.
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Enfermería de Quirófano , Enfermería Perioperatoria , Ultrasonografía/enfermería , Servicio de Cirugía en Hospital , Centros QuirúrgicosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for nurses has been demonstrated; however, only a limited number of nurses have been trained to perform POCUS. This article reports on a POCUS train-the-trainer program for nurse educators that targets lower urinary track dysfunction. METHOD: Nurse educators (n = 38) were invited to participate in a POCUS train-the-trainer program, which comprised an e-learning module and a hands-on seminar. Acquisition of knowledge and skills were assessed after the module and seminar, respectively. RESULTS: Questions from the "Basic Knowledge of Ultrasonography" test were answered correctly at a rate of 93.0% (SD, 8.5%). Measured values of bladder urinary volume using ultrasonography were in close agreement with actual values. All of the participants indicated that the program covered the content necessary to use in practice. CONCLUSION: The POCUS train-the-trainer program equips nurse educators with the knowledge and skills needed for training nurses at their institutions. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2021;52(8):375-381.].
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Docentes de Enfermería , Sistemas de Atención de Punto , Ultrasonografía , Docentes de Enfermería/educación , Humanos , Investigación en Educación de Enfermería , Investigación en Evaluación de Enfermería , Ultrasonografía/enfermeríaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: In this article, the author examines the use of point-of-care ultrasound in nursing practice, including its benefits, clinical implications, and cost-effectiveness for nursing practice and healthcare systems in the long run.
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Atención de Enfermería , Pruebas en el Punto de Atención , Ultrasonografía/enfermería , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Paediatric distal forearm fractures are a common ED presentation. They can be diagnosed with point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) as an alternative to X-rays. Given that ED nurse practitioners (NPs) are relied on for the diagnosis of paediatric fractures, it is important to describe the diagnostic accuracy of NP-conducted POCUS versus X-ray. METHODS: This prospective diagnostic study was conducted in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Queensland, Australia, between February 2018 and April 2019. Participants were children aged 4-16 years with a clinically non-angulated, suspected distal forearm fracture. Diagnosis from 6-view NP-administered POCUS of the distal radius and ulna was compared against the reference standard of 2-view X-ray. Each patient received both imaging modalities. Overall forearm diagnosis was classified as 'no', 'buckle' or 'other' fracture for both modalities. The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy for 'any' fracture ('buckle' and 'other' fractures combined). Secondary outcomes included diagnostic accuracy for 'other' fractures versus 'buckle' and 'no' fractures combined, and pain, imaging duration and preference for modality. RESULTS: Of 204 recruited patients, 129 had X-ray-diagnosed forearm fractures. The sensitivity and specificity for NP-administered POCUS were 94.6% (95% CI 89.2% to 97.3%) and 85.3% (95% CI 75.6% to 91.6%), respectively. 'Other' fractures (mostly cortical breach fractures), when compared with 'buckle'/ 'no' fractures, had sensitivity 81.0% (95% CI 69.1% to 89.1%) and specificity 95.9% (95% CI 91.3% to 98.1%). Pain and imaging duration were clinically similar between modalities. There was a preference for POCUS by patients, parents and NPs. CONCLUSIONS: NP-administered POCUS had clinically acceptable diagnostic accuracy for paediatric patients presenting with non-angulated distal forearm injuries. This included good sensitivity for diagnosis of 'any' fracture and good specificity for diagnosis of cortical breach fractures alone. Given the preference for POCUS, and the lack of difference in pain and duration between modalities, future research should consider functional outcomes comparing POCUS with X-ray in this population in a randomised controlled trial.
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Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Enfermeras Practicantes , Pruebas en el Punto de Atención , Fracturas del Radio/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas del Cúbito/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía/enfermería , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Cruzados , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Queensland , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Ultrasonografía/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: After a stroke, urinary dysfunction and urinary tract infection are estimated to be approximately 20%. Increased postvoid residual (PVR) is a risk factor for urinary dysfunction and urinary tract infections. These complications can negatively impact recovery weeks after the initial hospitalization. Early identification of risks and patient education are important. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This project was initiated for those patients admitted for a diagnosis of stroke on a 55-bed neuroscience unit in an acute care hospital. Patients were scanned after the initial void post stroke. Nurses followed a specific bladder scanning algorithm for subsequent scanning if the PVR volume was greater than 100 mL. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients were scanned in the original phase of the project, and 41 (53%) had PVR volumes greater than 100 mL after the initial void/scan. Of those, 22 patients still had a volume of greater than 100 mL after the second void/scan, and 12 had PVR volumes greater than 100 mL after a third scan. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Patients admitted with stroke have demonstrated increased PVR volumes. Portable ultrasound bladder scanning is a safe, noninvasive method to measure residual urinary volumes. The use of a bladder scanning algorithm encourages nurses' autonomy in assessing and identifying patients at a higher risk for urinary complications. CONCLUSION: Identifying the risk for urinary complications post stroke can lead to early interventions that can improve recovery. This also allows for specific patient education related to preventative measures to reduce risk of urinary complications. The use of a specific bladder scanning protocol is recommended as standard practice for all patients admitted with stroke.
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Algoritmos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Ultrasonografía/enfermería , Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Infecciones Urinarias/prevención & control , Abdomen/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Ultrasonografía/instrumentación , Cateterismo Urinario , UrodinámicaAsunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus/enfermería , Enfermería de Cuidados Críticos , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/enfermería , Ultrasonografía/enfermería , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico por imagen , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Humanos , Evaluación en Enfermería/métodos , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/enfermeríaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A substantial proportion of arteriovenous fistulas fail to function adequately for hemodialysis. Existing studies on arteriovenous fistula failure prediction assess patency rather than the more clinically relevant outcome of arteriovenous fistula function. We hypothesized that preoperative demographic and ultrasound characteristics, and postoperative assessment by an experienced vascular access nurse would predict which arteriovenous fistulas will not function adequately for hemodialysis. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of chronic kidney disease patients at a tertiary care center in Vancouver, Canada, with arteriovenous fistula creation between 2009 and 2013. Pre and postoperative clinical assessment and ultrasound blood vessel mapping were performed by an experienced vascular access nurse. The primary outcome was failure to achieve a fistula used successfully for hemodialysis (FUSH). RESULTS: Outcomes were assessed in 200 patients; 123 (61.5%) arteriovenous fistulas were radiocephalic. Overall, 26.5% of arteriovenous fistulas had FUSH failure (34.1% of lower arm vs 14.3% of upper arm, p = 0.002). Univariate predictors of FUSH failure included older age (p = 0.03), female sex (p = 0.05), smaller arterial diameter (p ⩽ 0.001), lower artery volume flow (p = 0.04), and smaller vein diameter (p = 0.01). In multivariable analysis, artery diameter (odds ratio: 0.44, 95% confidence interval: 0.28-0.68) most significantly predicted FUSH failure. Vascular access nurse assessment 6 weeks postoperatively correctly predicted outcome in 83.8% of FUSH and 65.0% of FUSH failure. CONCLUSION: Smaller artery diameter most strongly predicted FUSH failure. Early postoperative nursing assessment was more useful to predict FUSH than FUSH failure, and as such was insufficient in determining which arteriovenous fistulas should be abandoned as many predicted to fail could be salvaged with further intervention.
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Derivación Arteriovenosa Quirúrgica/enfermería , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital , Diálisis Renal/enfermería , Ultrasonografía/enfermería , Extremidad Superior/irrigación sanguínea , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Derivación Arteriovenosa Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Colombia Británica , Competencia Clínica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Factores de Tiempo , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento , Grado de Desobstrucción VascularRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nurses and other non-physician providers have demonstrated proficiency at obtaining images in the tele-ultrasound system. However, use of this skill requires comfort with the procedure and willingness to incorporate it into practice. OBJECTIVES: To assess 1) level of comfort of non-physician providers performing tele-ultrasound before and after brief training and 2) feasibility of implementing an educational programme that improves level of comfort. METHODS: Feasibility study including a brief training session followed by hands-on tele-ultrasound. The pilot cohort performed tele-ultrasound on a healthy volunteer. The clinical cohort performed tele-ultrasound on criticalli ill patients with shock or respiratory failure. Remote intensivists provided real-time guidance via tele-medicine technology. Each participant completed a survey assessing training experience and level of comfort before and after training. RESULTS: Sixteen non-physician providers participated. All participants agreed that the training session prepared them for image acquisition and that the training experience was positive. The number of participants comfortable with ultrasound improved significantly (before vs. after training: 5/16 [31%] vs. 16/16 [100%], mean Likert score 2.7 vs. 4.8, pâ¯=â¯0.001). CONCLUSIONS: After brief training, participants could comfortably perform tele-ultrasound and were more willing to incorporate it into tele-ICU-directed care. Results support conducting a larger-scale trial of tele-US to assess clinical utility.
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Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Enseñanza/normas , Telemedicina/métodos , Ultrasonografía/instrumentación , Competencia Clínica/normas , Estudios de Cohortes , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Enseñanza/psicología , Telemedicina/instrumentación , Ultrasonografía/enfermeríaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Formal training for ultrasound use is essential for critical care providers. Despite a national increase in the utilization of advanced practice providers in critical care, ultrasound education is not routinely provided in their training programs. This study describes and evaluates a 1-day advanced care provider (APP)-led course designed to provide fellow APPs with the skills to obtain and evaluate basic ultrasound images. METHODS: A 15-question pretest was administered via anonymous use of a clicker response system. Participants had didactic lectures followed by hands-on experience with live models and instructor. Posttest was administered after achievement of basic ultrasound views. Postcourse evaluations were also administered. CONCLUSIONS: Pretest and posttest questions included identifying anatomy, pathology, quantifying cardiac function, and clinical decision making. Scores improved from 58% on the pretest to 78% on the posttest. All participants acknowledged the need for the course and their ability to transfer the course into practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This course established that APPs can both teach and learn from their peers in a formal setting. In addition, this course demonstrated that an APP-led course with a combined hands-on and didactic approach is an effective method for critical care ultrasound skills acquisition in ultrasound-novice APPs.
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Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada/educación , Enseñanza/normas , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Adulto , Competencia Clínica/normas , Curriculum/normas , Evaluación Educacional/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ultrasonografía/enfermeríaRESUMEN
A 79-year-old ASA class 3 patient scheduled for outpatient testing secondary to prostate cancer, was found to have a previously unknown 10-cm abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) causing acute renal insufficiency and hydronephrosis, requiring prompt surgical intervention. The patient was instructed to return to the hospital for further evaluation of the AAA and emergent ureteral stent placement. During the preanesthetic examination, the patient revealed he had eaten a small amount of food before returning to the hospital, placing him at increased risk of pulmonary aspiration. Traditional fasting times would have warranted either a delay in starting the case or performing it under general anesthesia with an endotracheal tube, both at increased risk to the patient. Instead, a point-of-care ultrasound gastric study was performed at the bedside to assess for gastric contents, which revealed the stomach was empty. The case proceeded under monitored anesthesia care without incident. A metallic stent was successfully employed, correcting the hydronephrosis and allowing for further evaluation and treatment of the AAA.
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Anestesiología , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/cirugía , Contenido Digestivo/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Stents , Anciano , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/complicaciones , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermeras Anestesistas , Sistemas de Atención de Punto , Ultrasonografía/enfermeríaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In Western Australia (WA), most stable patients undergoing haemodialysis receive treatment in a satellite setting where no doctors are on-site during treatment hours, so nurses must make critical decisions about fluid removal. Some patients regularly experience adverse events during dialysis (intradialytic), often due to excessive ultrafiltration goals, with intradialytic hypotension being particularly challenging. Ultrasound of the inferior vena cava has been previously demonstrated being a rapid and non-invasive method for volume assessment on haemodialysis patients, thus could hold valuable information for the treating nurse. AIM: This paper examines the existing literature in regards to the use of ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena cava in patients on haemodialysis for objective assessment of their intravascular volume status by renal nurses. METHOD: A systematic literature review was performed within medical and nursing databases including CINAHL Plus with Full Text, SCOPUS, Web of Science and MEDLINE. RESULTS: Renal nurses are conscious of the significance of intradialytic hypotension and have only limited options for its prevention. Ultrasound of the inferior vena cava could add another objective dimension for intravascular volume assessment and prevention of intradialytic hypotension, but to date renal nurses have not been using this technique. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound of the inferior vena cava has the potential to assist in defining the ultrafiltration goal for that particular dialysis session, thus reducing the risk of intradialytic hypotension. Additionally, it has potential to change current renal nursing practice when added to clinical nursing assessment methods. Further studies are required to validate this assessment tool carried out by a renal nurse compared with a skilled ultrasonographer.
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Rol de la Enfermera , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/normas , Ultrasonografía/enfermería , Humanos , Pautas de la Práctica en Enfermería/tendencias , Diálisis Renal/enfermería , Australia OccidentalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement is central to abdominal aortic aneurysm screening, but information concerning differences between observers using modern ultrasound devices is lacking. Our aim was to assess clinical agreement among nurses within a national screening programme. METHODS: Between-observer repeatability was assessed among 2 pairs of nurses (A & B and C & D) screening a consecutive series of men at a single-community clinic in Grampian, Scotland. All 4 nurses used the same ultrasound device (GE-LOGIQe 1.5-4.6 MHz curvilinear probe) to measure maximal infrarenal inner-to-inner (ITI) anteroposterior diameter in longitudinal and transverse planes. Nurses alternated in their measurements and were blinded to their partners' measurements. Participants remained supine while "double-scanned." Clinical agreement was assessed as twice the standard deviation (2 SD) of mean differences. Analysis was undertaken using IBM-SPSS-Statistics (version 22) using the Bland-Altman "limits of agreement" (95% LoA) approach (mean difference ±2 SD) and related plots. RESULTS: A total of 63 consecutive men underwent assessment (30 men by nurses A & B; 33 men by nurses C & D). Mean age 65.5 years, brachial blood pressure 145/88 mm Hg, current smokers 14%, never smoked 41%, diabetic 18%, arterial disease 11%, daily aspirin 16%, antihypertensives 35%, and statin therapy 44%. Mean aortic diameter (ITI) was 1.81 centimeters (cm; range 1.28-2.45; SD 0.18). Pooled mean differences between nurses was 0.05 cm (95% confidence interval 0.02-0.08); 2 SD ± 0.23 with 95% LoA -0.18 to 0.28 cm. Repeatability was similar in both planes and for both pairs of nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses can achieve a high level of agreement in the measurement of aortic diameter in a routine clinical setting.
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Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Tamizaje Masivo/enfermería , Ultrasonografía/enfermería , Anciano , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/etiología , Competencia Clínica , Humanos , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Posicionamiento del Paciente , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Riesgo , Escocia , Posición SupinaAsunto(s)
Luxación Congénita de la Cadera/enfermería , Diagnóstico de Enfermería/métodos , Diagnóstico Precoz , Intervención Médica Temprana/métodos , Alemania , Adhesión a Directriz , Luxación Congénita de la Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Mala Praxis/legislación & jurisprudencia , Tamizaje Neonatal/legislación & jurisprudencia , Tamizaje Neonatal/enfermería , Pronóstico , Ultrasonografía/instrumentación , Ultrasonografía/enfermeríaRESUMEN
A nosocomial polyclonal outbreak associated to bacteremia caused by different Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) species and clones is reported. Molecular characterization identified Burkholderia stabilis, Burkholderia contaminans, and Burkholderia ambifaria among BCC isolates obtained from patients in neonatal and adult intensive care units. BCC was also isolated from an intrinsically contaminated ultrasound gel, which constituted the presumptive BCC source. Prior BCC outbreak related to contaminated ultrasound gels have been described in the setting of transrectal prostate biopsy. Outbreak caused strains and/or clones of BCC have been reported, probably because BCC are commonly found in the natural environment; most BCC species are biofilm producers, and different species may contaminate an environmental source. The finding of multiple species or clones during the analysis of nosocomial BCC cases might not be enough to reject an outbreak from a common source.
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Bacteriemia/microbiología , Infecciones por Burkholderia/microbiología , Complejo Burkholderia cepacia/aislamiento & purificación , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Geles/efectos adversos , Ultrasonografía/efectos adversos , Adulto , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Burkholderia/diagnóstico , Complejo Burkholderia cepacia/clasificación , Infección Hospitalaria/diagnóstico , Brotes de Enfermedades , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Ultrasonografía/enfermeríaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To examine the clinical outcomes of regular use of ultrasonography when compared with those of cystoscopy in the follow-up of patients with TaG1-2 bladder tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1990 and 2012, 197 patients with TaG1-2 bladder tumors from a retrospective 2-institution cohort were included. We assessed clinical outcomes in 83 patients followed up by ultrasonography, matched for propensity score calculated from clinicopathological variables including age, gender, tumor multiplicity, size, grade, postoperative immediate chemoinstillation, and adjuvant intravesical treatment. RESULTS: Among the 166 patients identified using the one-to-one propensity score analysis, the 5- and 10-year recurrence-free survival rates were both 63.3% in the cystoscopy group and 69.1% and 58.4%, respectively, in the ultrasonography group (P = 0.762). A total of 54 patients experienced disease recurrence, and 18 patients acquired progressive disease such as tumor grade 3, pT1 tumors, and the appearance of concurrent carcinoma in situ. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of recurrent tumors between both the groups, whereas time to first recurrence in the cystoscopy group was significantly shorter than that in the ultrasonography group (P = 0.021). In a subgroup analysis using 111 patients without adjuvant intravesical treatments, the 5- and 10-year recurrence-free survival rates were both 56.9% in the cystoscopy group and 71.9% and 60.3%, respectively, in the ultrasonography group (P = 0.282). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study suggests that ultrasonography may be one of the follow-up substitutes when considering the management of low-risk bladder tumors such as TaG1-2 bladder tumors.
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Cistoscopía/métodos , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Ultrasonografía/enfermería , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico , Espera Vigilante/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Países en Desarrollo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/enfermería , Ultrasonografía Prenatal/enfermería , Ultrasonografía/enfermería , Competencia Clínica , Curriculum , Educación Continua en Enfermería , Femenino , Humanos , Capacitación en Servicio , Kenia , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico por imagen , SuizaRESUMEN
Ultrasound imaging is a versatile modality frequently used in clinical medicine, most likely due to its low cost, low risk to patients, and the ability to provide images in real time. Ultrasound used typically in clinical settings has frequencies between 2 and 12 MHz. Lower frequencies produce greater resolution but are limited in depth penetration; higher frequencies produce greater resolution, but depth of penetration is limited. High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) shows promise for detection of certain changes in the skin and this has implications for early detection of changes associated with pressure ulcer formation and wound healing. The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of where HFUS has been used with the skin and provide some discussion on its utility with detecting skin changes related to pressure.
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Aumento de la Imagen/métodos , Piel/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Humanos , Aumento de la Imagen/instrumentación , Úlcera por Presión/diagnóstico , Piel/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Ultrasonografía/enfermería , Ultrasonografía/estadística & datos numéricosAsunto(s)
Artralgia/enfermería , Edema/enfermería , Articulación de la Rodilla , Diagnóstico de Enfermería , Adolescente , Artralgia/diagnóstico , Artralgia/terapia , Artritis Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Artritis Infecciosa/enfermería , Artritis Infecciosa/terapia , Artritis Juvenil/diagnóstico , Artritis Juvenil/enfermería , Artritis Juvenil/terapia , Artritis Reactiva/diagnóstico , Artritis Reactiva/enfermería , Artritis Reactiva/terapia , Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Óseas/enfermería , Neoplasias Óseas/terapia , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Edema/diagnóstico , Edema/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Enfermedad de Lyme/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Lyme/enfermería , Enfermedad de Lyme/terapia , Masculino , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/enfermería , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/terapia , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/enfermería , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/terapia , Ultrasonografía/enfermeríaRESUMEN
This article focuses on the clinical use of ultrasound with the obstetric, gynecologic, and trauma patient by reviewing recent case studies of the use of ultrasound for diagnostic purposes. The article also summarizes the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) guidelines for use in several types of patients. The AIUM is a multidisciplinary association whose purpose is to "advance the art and science of ultrasound in medicine and research through educational, scientific, literary, and professional activities." The organization provides guidelines in conjunction with many professional organizations, such as the American College of Cardiology and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. AIUM also serves as an accrediting body for ultrasound practices.