[Esophageal perforations and fistulas: clinical management]. / Perforazioni e fistole esofagee: importanza nella pratica clinica.

ABSTRACT

Aim of this study was the literature review regarding esophageal perforations and fistulas. We examined the most common causes, clinical findings (symptoms and signs), laboratory and imaging studies for differential diagnosis and complications. Finally, we examined the surgical or endoscopic treatment and the prognosis.