Characterization of Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia Caused by PCSK9 Gain of Function Mutations and Its Specific Treatment With Alirocumab, a PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibody.
Circ Cardiovasc Genet
; 8(6): 823-31, 2015 Dec.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-26374825
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Patients with PCSK9 gene gain of function (GOF) mutations have a rare form of autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. However, data examining their clinical characteristics and geographic distribution are lacking. Furthermore, no randomized treatment study in this population has been reported. METHODS ANDRESULTS:
We compiled clinical characteristics of PCSK9 GOF mutation carriers in a multinational retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study. We then performed a randomized placebo-phase, double-blind study of alirocumab 150 mg administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks to 13 patients representing 4 different PCSK9 GOF mutations with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥70 mg/dL on their current lipid-lowering therapies at baseline. Observational study among 164 patients, 16 different PCSK9 GOF mutations distributed throughout the gene were associated with varying severity of untreated LDL-C levels. Coronary artery disease was common (33%; average age of onset, 49.4 years), and untreated LDL-C concentrations were higher compared with matched carriers of mutations in the LDLR (n=2126) or apolipoprotein B (n=470) genes. Intervention study in PCSK9 GOF mutation patients randomly assigned to receive alirocumab, mean percent reduction in LDL-C at 2 weeks was 62.5% (P<0.0001) from baseline, 53.7% compared with placebo-treated PCSK9 GOF mutation patients (P=0.0009; primary end point). After all subjects received 8 weeks of alirocumab treatment, LDL-C was reduced by 73% from baseline (P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS:
PCSK9 GOF mutation carriers have elevated LDL-C levels and are at high risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Alirocumab, a PCSK9 antibody, markedly lowers LDL-C levels and seems to be well tolerated in these patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http//www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier NCT01604824.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria
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Serina Endopeptidasas
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Proproteína Convertasas
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Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II
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LDL-Colesterol
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales
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Mutación
Tipo de estudio:
Clinical_trials
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Observational_studies
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Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Circ Cardiovasc Genet
Asunto de la revista:
ANGIOLOGIA
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CARDIOLOGIA
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GENETICA MEDICA
Año:
2015
Tipo del documento:
Article