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Potential impact of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on human and ecosystems.
Islam, Faisal; Wang, Jian; Farooq, Muhammad A; Khan, Muhammad S S; Xu, Ling; Zhu, Jinwen; Zhao, Min; Muños, Stéphane; Li, Qing X; Zhou, Weijun.
Afiliación
  • Islam F; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
  • Wang J; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
  • Farooq MA; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
  • Khan MSS; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
  • Xu L; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
  • Zhu J; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
  • Zhao M; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
  • Muños S; Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes, Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INRA, 441-2594, France.
  • Li QX; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu 96822, USA.
  • Zhou W; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: wjzhou@zju.edu.cn.
Environ Int ; 111: 332-351, 2018 02.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29203058
ABSTRACT
The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is applied directly to aquatic and conventional farming systems to control weeds, and is among the most widely distributed pollutants in the environment. Non-target organisms are exposed to 2,4-D via several ways, which could produce toxic effects depending on the dose, frequency of exposure, and the host factors that influence susceptibility and sensitivity. An increasing number of experimental evidences have shown concerns about its presence/detection in the environment, because several investigations have pointed out its potential lethal effects on non-target organisms. In this review, we critically evaluated the environmental fate and behavior of 2,4-D along with its eco-toxicological effects on aquatic, plants and human life to provide concise assessment in the light of recently published reports. The findings demonstrate that 2,4-D is present in a low concentration in surface water of regions where its usage is high. The highest concentrations of 2,4-D were detected in soil, air and surface water surrounded by crop fields, which suggest that mitigation strategies must be implanted locally to prevent the entry of 2,4-D into the environment. A general public may have frequent exposure to 2,4-D due to its wide applications at home lawns and public parks, etc. Various in vivo and in vitro investigations suggest that several species (or their organs) at different trophic levels are extremely sensitive to the 2,4-D exposure, which may explain variation in outcomes of reported investigations. However, implications for the prenatal exposure to 2,4-D remain unknown because 2,4-D-induced toxicity thresholds in organism have only been derived from juveniles or adults. In near future, introduction of 2,4-D resistant crops will increase its use in agriculture, which may cause relatively high and potentially unsafe residue levels in the environment. The recent findings indicate the urgent need to further explore fate, accumulation and its continuous low level exposure impacts on the environment to generate reliable database which is key in drafting new regulation and policies to protect the population from further exposure.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Contaminantes Químicos del Agua / Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético / Herbicidas Tipo de estudio: Risk_factors_studies Idioma: En Revista: Environ Int Año: 2018 Tipo del documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Contaminantes Químicos del Agua / Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético / Herbicidas Tipo de estudio: Risk_factors_studies Idioma: En Revista: Environ Int Año: 2018 Tipo del documento: Article