Validation of mobile in situ measurements of dairy husbandry emissions by fusion of airborne/surface remote sensing with seasonal context from the Chino Dairy Complex.
Environ Pollut
; 242(Pt B): 2111-2134, 2018 Nov.
Article
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| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30005944
ABSTRACT
Mobile in situ concentration and meteorology data were collected for the Chino Dairy Complex in the Los Angeles Basin by AMOG (AutoMObile trace Gas) Surveyor on 25 June 2015 to characterize husbandry emissions in the near and far field in convoy mode with MISTIR (Mobile Infrared Sensor for Tactical Incident Response), a mobile upwards-looking, column remote sensing spectrometer. MISTIR reference flux validated AMOG plume inversions at different information levels including multiple gases, GoogleEarth imagery, and airborne trace gas remote sensing data. Long-term (9-yr.) Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer satellite data provided spatial and trace gas temporal context. For the Chino dairies, MISTIR-AMOG ammonia (NH3) agreement was within 5% (15.7 versus 14.9â¯Ggâ¯yr-1, respectively) using all information. Methane (CH4) emissions were 30â¯Ggâ¯yr-1 for a 45,200 herd size, indicating that Chino emission factors are greater than previously reported. Single dairy inversions were much less successful. AMOG-MISTIR agreement was 57% due to wind heterogeneity from downwind structures in these near-field measurements and emissions unsteadiness. AMOG CH4, NH3, and CO2 emissions were 91, 209, and 8200â¯Mgâ¯yr-1, implying 2480, 1870, and 1720 head using published emission factors. Plumes fingerprinting identified likely sources including manure storage, cowsheds, and a structure with likely natural gas combustion. NH3 downwind of Chino showed a seasonal variation of a factor of ten, three times larger than literature suggests. Chino husbandry practices and trends in herd size and production were reviewed and unlikely to add seasonality. Higher emission seasonality was proposed as legacy soil emissions, the results of a century of husbandry, supported by airborne remote sensing data showing widespread emissions from neighborhoods that were dairies 15 years prior, and AMOG and MISTIR observations. Seasonal variations provide insights into the implications of global climate change and must be considered when comparing surveys from different seasons.
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Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Monitoreo del Ambiente
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Industria Lechera
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos
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Tecnología de Sensores Remotos
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
País/Región como asunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Pollut
Asunto de la revista:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
Año:
2018
Tipo del documento:
Article