Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis during fingolimod therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis in a patient receiving fingolimod. METHODS: This is a case study. RESULTS: Our patient developed acute rhombencephalitis with hydrocephalus induced with Listeria monocytogenes while on fingolimod. Shunt surgery was performed for the hydrocephalus and patient recovered partially after medical and surgical therapy. CONCLUSION: We describe the first probable case of fingolimod-associated Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis. Clinicians should be aware of listeriosis and implement measures for its prevention.