Randall's plaque and calcium oxalate stone formation: role for immunity and inflammation.
Nat Rev Nephrol
; 17(6): 417-433, 2021 06.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33514941
ABSTRACT
Idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones often develop attached to Randall's plaque present on kidney papillary surfaces. Similar to the plaques formed during vascular calcification, Randall's plaques consist of calcium phosphate crystals mixed with an organic matrix that is rich in proteins, such as inter-α-trypsin inhibitor, as well as lipids, and includes membrane-bound vesicles or exosomes, collagen fibres and other components of the extracellular matrix. Kidney tissue surrounding Randall's plaques is associated with the presence of classically activated, pro-inflammatory macrophages (also termed M1) and downregulation of alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory macrophages (also termed M2). In animal models, crystal deposition in the kidneys has been associated with the production of reactive oxygen species, inflammasome activation and increased expression of molecules implicated in the inflammatory cascade, including osteopontin, matrix Gla protein and fetuin A (also known as α2-HS-glycoprotein). Many of these molecules, including osteopontin and matrix Gla protein, are well known inhibitors of vascular calcification. We propose that conditions of urine supersaturation promote kidney damage by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, and that the ensuing inflammatory immune response promotes Randall's plaque initiation and calcium stone formation.
Texto completo:
1
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Oxalato de Calcio
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Cálculos Renales
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Inmunidad
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Inflamación
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Médula Renal
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Nat Rev Nephrol
Asunto de la revista:
NEFROLOGIA
Año:
2021
Tipo del documento:
Article