Metabolic adaptation characterizes short-term resistance to weight loss induced by a low-calorie diet in overweight/obese individuals.
Am J Clin Nutr
; 114(1): 267-280, 2021 07 01.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33826697
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Low-calorie diet (LCD)-induced weight loss demonstrates response heterogeneity. Physiologically, a decrease in energy expenditure lower than what is predicted based on body composition (metabolic adaptation) and/or an impaired capacity to increase fat oxidation may hinder weight loss. Understanding the metabolic components that characterize weight loss success is important for optimizing weight loss strategies.OBJECTIVES:
We tested the hypothesis that overweight/obese individuals who had lower than expected weight loss in response to a 28-d LCD would be characterized by 1) impaired fat oxidation and 2) whole-body metabolic adaptation. We also characterized the molecular mechanisms associated with weight loss success/failure.METHODS:
This was a retrospective comparison of participants who met their predicted weight loss targets [overweight/obese diet sensitive (ODS), n = 23, females = 21, males = 2] and those that did not [overweight/obese diet resistant (ODR), n = 14, females = 12, males = 2] after a 28-d LCD (900-1000 kcal/d). We used whole-body (energy expenditure and fat oxidation) and tissue-specific measurements (metabolic proteins in skeletal muscle, gene expression in adipose tissue, and metabolites in serum) to detect metabolic properties and biomarkers associated with weight loss success.RESULTS:
The ODR group had greater mean ± SD metabolic adaptation (-175 ± 149 kcal/d; +119%) than the ODS group (-80 ± 108 kcal/d) after the LCD (P = 0.030). Mean ± SD fat oxidation increased similarly for both groups from baseline (0.0701 ± 0.0206 g/min) to day 28 (0.0869 ± 0.0269 g/min; P < 0.001). A principal component analysis factor comprised of serum 3-hydroxybutyric acid, citrate, leucine/isoleucine, acetyl-carnitine, and 3-hydroxylbutyrlcarnitine was associated with weight loss success at day 28 (std. ß = 0.674, R2 = 0.479, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:
Individuals who achieved predicted weight loss targets after a 28-d LCD were characterized by reduced metabolic adaptation. Accumulation of metabolites associated with acetyl-CoA excess and enhanced ketogenesis was identified in the ODS group.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01616082.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
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Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Ingestión de Energía
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Adaptación Fisiológica
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Pérdida de Peso
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Dieta Reductora
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Metabolismo Energético
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Sobrepeso
Tipo de estudio:
Observational_studies
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Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Am J Clin Nutr
Año:
2021
Tipo del documento:
Article