Communities of color are disproportionately exposed to long-term and short-term PM2.5 in metropolitan America.
Environ Res
; 214(Pt 4): 114038, 2022 11.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35961542
ABSTRACT
We conducted a novel investigation of neighborhood-level racial/ethnic exposure disparities employing measures aligned with long-term and short-term PM2.5 air pollution benchmarks across metropolitan contexts of the contiguous United States, 2012-2016. We used multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) to quantify PM2.5 exposure disparities based on the census tract composition of people of color (POC) and POC groups (Hispanic/Latina/x/o, Black, Asian). We examined eight census tract-level measures of longer-to-shorter term exposures derived from data on modeled daily ambient PM2.5 concentrations. We found associations between increased POC composition and greater exposure to all PM2.5 measures, with associations strengthening across measures of longer-to-shorter term exposures. In a GEE with a negative binomial distribution, a standard deviation increase in POC composition predicted a 0.6% increase (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.006, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.005-1.008) in the number of days PM2.5 concentrations were ≥5 µg/m3 (longest-term benchmark). In a GEE with an inverse Gaussian distribution, a standard deviation increase in POC composition predicted a 0.110 µg/m3 (1.0%) increase (B 0.110, 95% CI 0.076-0.143) in mean PM2.5 concentration. In GEEs with a negative binomial distribution, the effect of a standard deviation increase in POC composition on exposure strengthened to 2.6% (IRR1.026, 95% CI1.017-1.035), 3.4% (IRR1.034, 95% CI1.022-1.047), 4.2% (IRR1.042, 95% CI1.025-1.058), 16.2% (IRR1.162, 95% CI1.117-1.210), 22.7% (IRR1.227, 95% CI1.137-1.325) and 28.3% (IRR1.283, 95% CI1.144-1.439) with respect to the number of days PM2.5 concentrations were ≥10, 12, 15, 25, 35 and 55.5 µg/m3. POC group models indicated exposure disparities based on greater Hispanic/Latina/x/o, Asian, and Black composition. Evidence for stronger POC associations with shorter-term (higher concentration) PM2.5 exceedances suggests that reducing PM2.5 would attenuate racial/ethnic exposure disparities.
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Texto completo:
1
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Contaminantes Atmosféricos
/
Contaminación del Aire
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
País/Región como asunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Res
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article