Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Access and Racial Disparities in Food Insecurity.
JAMA Netw Open
; 6(6): e2320196, 2023 06 01.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37358853
ABSTRACT
Importance Racially minoritized people experience disproportionately high rates of food insecurity. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) reduces food insecurity. Objective:
To evaluate SNAP access with regard to racial disparities in food insecurity. Design, Setting, andParticipants:
This cross-sectional study used data from the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). On the basis of random sampling strategies, 44â¯870 households were eligible for the SIPP, and 26â¯215 (58.4%) participated. Sampling weights accounted for survey design and nonresponse. Data were analyzed from February 25 to December 12, 2022. Exposures This study examined disparities based on household racial composition (entirely Asian, entirely Black, entirely White, and multiple races or multirace based on SIPP categories). Main Outcomes andMeasures:
Food insecurity during the prior year was measured using the validated 6-item US Department of Agriculture Food Security Survey Module. SNAP participation during the prior year was classified based on whether anyone in the household received SNAP benefits. Modified Poisson regression tested hypothesized disparities in food insecurity.Results:
A total of 4974 households that were eligible for SNAP (income ≤130% of the poverty threshold) were included in this study. A total of 218 households (5%) were entirely Asian, 1014 (22%) were entirely Black, 3313 (65%) were entirely White, and 429 (8%) were multiracial or of other racial groups. Adjusting for household characteristics, households that were entirely Black (prevalence rate [PR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.33) or multiracial (PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06-1.46) were more likely to be food insecure than entirely White households, but associations differed depending on SNAP participation. Among households that did not participate in SNAP, those that were entirely Black (PR, 1.52; 97.5% CI, 1.20-1.93) or multiracial (PR, 1.42; 97.5% CI, 1.04-1.94) were more likely to be food insecure than White households; however, among SNAP participants, Black households were less likely than White households to be food insecure (PR, 0.84; 97.5% CI, 0.71-0.99). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, racial disparities in food insecurity were found among low-income households that do not participate in SNAP but not among those that do, suggesting that access to SNAP should be improved. These results also highlight the need to examine the structural and systemic racism in food systems and in access to food assistance that may contribute to disparities.
Texto completo:
1
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Grupos Raciales
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Asistencia Alimentaria
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Inseguridad Alimentaria
Tipo de estudio:
Observational_studies
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Prevalence_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
JAMA Netw Open
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article