BarH-Like Homeobox 2 Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activating N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4.

ABSTRACT

BarH-like homeobox 2 (BARX2) has been identified to play a key role in the development of multiple cancers. Meanwhile, BARX2 may be an independent prognostic biomarker for patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the regulatory role of BARX2 in HCC is still unclear and needs to be unveiled. In this study, the expressions of BARX2 and N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4 (GALNT4) were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) as well as western blot. Besides, the abilities of cells to proliferate, migrate, invade, and angiogenesis were assessed with CCK-8, colony formation, wound-healing, Transwell, and tube formation assays, separately. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry analysis. The binding relationship between BARX2 and GALNT4 was predicted by JASPAR website and verified using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase report assay. It was discovered that BARX2 was reduced in HCC cell lines, while its overexpression greatly repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis and promoted cell apoptosis in HuH7 and MHCC97-H cells. BARX2 could bind to GALNT4 promoter and positively regulate GALNT4 expression. In addition, GALNT4 deficiency partly abolished the inhibitory effects of BARX2 on the progression of HCC. In summary, this study highlights that BARX2 may hold promise for serving as a potential therapeutic target, facilitating the development of a novel therapeutic strategy against HCC.