Bifurcation analysis of Leslie-Gower predator-prey system with harvesting and fear effect.

ABSTRACT

In the paper, a Leslie-Gower predator-prey system with harvesting and fear effect is considered. The existence and stability of all possible equilibrium points are analyzed. The bifurcation dynamic behavior at key equilibrium points is investigated to explore the intrinsic driving mechanisms of population interaction modes. It is shown that the system undergoes various bifurcations, including transcritical, saddle-node, Hopf and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations. The numerical simulation results show that harvesting and fear effect can seriously affect the dynamic evolution trend and coexistence mode. Furthermore, it is particularly worth pointing out that harvesting not only drives changes in population coexistence mode, but also has a certain degree delay. Finally, it is anticipated that these research results will be beneficial for the vigorous development of predator-prey system.